Middle Ages (Medieval Period)
Feudalism – political system - monarchs and nobles make
alliances with each other (land exchanged for loyalty and military
aid)
Why was it begun?
_____ government became _______
Who gave what to who?
King (monarch) gives fief (_____) and serfs (_________) to
Nobles who give ___________ and _______________ aid.
Pyramid
_____
Lord/nobles
Vassals (each lord might be or might have vassals)
Knights
______________ / ______ (farmers, artisans)
Why did they start building castles?
There was lots of warfare so they were 1st begun for
________________/ _____________________
Basic parts
Wood – then stone, thick walls; towers (turrets)
On a hill or mound
______ and ____________ were major defenses against
invaders
Keep (square building) see page 300
Open area around keep included lots of other buildings
Nobility: Lords/ladies
Lord –
total control; governs manor & castle
collected rent from peasants (goods)
Lady/noblewoman
Jobs – needlework, making medicines, supervise
estate
Nobles ___ ______ ______ to heirs
Knights/soldiers
They get _______ (________ _______ ) and the ________
lets them buy _________ and ________ _______
Knight’s training
7 – page
15 – squire
Knight – prove self in battle
Code of chivalry
Defend _____________ __ ________
Be _____ in battle
Fight _______
Treat noble women with ____________
Manorial system – agricultural system –
Who gets what in the deal?
Nobles/lords give peasants __________ , food, and shelter
Serfs/peasants give lord _________ of what they _________
Are serfs slaves?
Serfs are bound to the ________ , the are ______ _________
They cannot be sold without the land
What do serfs/peasants do?
Farmers
Some days – laborers
Trades men
Women – make candles, clothes, sew
What happened to increase agricultural production?
_________ - took less time
New system of ____________ (3 fields vs 2 fields); new
system left 1 field _______ ( _________ ) and 2 fields were
planted
Manorial system summary – serfs/peasants get ______ _________
or opportunity, but they ____ _____ protection/security.
Medieval Church
Leader in Europe
Catholic
Pope
Sacraments earn God’s grace
Latin
People couldn’t read so they learned religion from _______,
___________ , __________ __________ windows.
Organization of Church
Secular – “in the world”
Monastic life – (monks, nuns) life ____________ to ______,
apart from the rest of __________
Influence of Church
Monks – preserved ancient knowledge and ____________
information alive when ______ could _______ / _________.
Magna Carta – Great Charter
Limits ____________ ____________ of King
Some say our _________________ came from it.
How did it happen?
King John was forced by nobles
Why?
The King _______ their ______ and put his enemies in jail
____________ a _________
So what?
It put _______ on the ________ of the ________