Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry6th Edition – McMurry
CHAPTER 8 VOCABULARY: Gases, Liquids, and Solids
List created by: Tina Stewart - Spring 2010
Change of State- The change of a substance from one state of matter (gas, liquid, or solid) to
another.
Melting point (mp)- The temperature at which solid and liquid are in equilibrium
Boiling point (bp) -The temperature at which liquid and gas are in equilibrium
Kinetic-molecular theory of gases- A group of assumptions that explain the behavior of gases
Ideal gases- A gas that obeys all the assumptions of the kinetic-molecular theory
Pressure (P)- The force per unit area pushing against a surface
Gas laws- A series of laws that predict the influence of pressure (P), volume (V), and temperature (T)
on any gas or mixture of gases
Gas constant (R) The constant R in the ideal gas law, PV = nRT
Partial pressure- The contribution of a given gas in a mixture to the total pressure
Intermolecular force- A force that acts between molecules and holds molecules close to one
another
Dipole- dipole force- The attractive force between positive and negative ends of polar molecules
London dispersion force- The short- lived attractive force due to the constant motion of electrons
within molecules
Hydrogen bond- The attraction between a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative O, N, or F
atom and another nearby electronegative O, N, or F atom
Vapor- The gas molecules in equilibrium with a liquid
Vapor pressure- The partial pressure of gas molecules in equilibrium with a liquid
Normal boiling point- The boilinh point at a pressure of exactly 1 atmosphere
Crystalline solid- A solid whose atoms, molecules, or ions are rigidly held in an ordered arrangement
Amorphous solid- A solid whose particles do not have an orderly arrangement
Heat of fusion- The quantity of heat required to completely melt one gram of a substance once it
has reached its melting point
Heat of vaporization- The quantity of heat needed to completely vaporize one gram of a liquid once
it has reached its boiling point