Name ________________________________________________ Period ___________ Date _______________________
Chapter 8 (sections 1-2) – Study Guide
1. What is the role of histones in the cell?
Proteins that DNA wraps around tightly to make the chromosome shape.
2. Explain the difference between chromatids and chromosomes.
Chromatids are halves of a chromosome. Chromosomes are made of two identical
sister chromatids.
3. What is the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes chromosomes?
Prokaryotes have a faster replication process. Their chromosomes are circular.
Eukaryotes have linear chromosomes. (Bacteria have 1 chromosome and humans
have 46)
4. What is binary fission?
The process of replication in bacteria. This is an asexual process.
5. What are the stages of the cell cycle in order?
Interphase  Mitosis  Cytokinesis
(Mitosis: prophase  metaphase  anaphase  telophase)
6. What are the end products of the cell cycle?
Two identical daughter cells
7. What is the advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction?
Sexual reproduction produces offspring that are genetically different and allows for
new babies to be able to adapt to new environments.
8. What happens during the three stages of interphase?
During interphase, the cell is growing to mature size, DNA is copied, and the
organelles are copied.
G1: growth
S: DNA replication
G2: more growth, organelle repliecation
9. What do cyclins do?
Cyclins check the cell for mutation and regulate the cell cycle.
10. What is the importance of chromosomes during cell division?
Chromosomes hold the genetic information for the cell (DNA). Without
chromosomes the new cells would not have genetic information or know what to do.
11. What do cancer cells look like? What can they develop into?
Cancer cells have little cytoplasm, multiple or large nuclei, coarse chromatin and
grow uncontrollably. A mass of cancer cells can develop into a tumor.
12. Fill in the follow tables.
Stage of cell
What’s happening?
cycle
Interphase
Prophase
Cell grows, DNA copied,
organelles replicated
Nucleus disappears,
chromatin coils up into
chromosomes
Metaphase
Chromosomes line up in the
MIDDLE of cell
Anaphase
Chromatids are pulled to
opposite poles (pulled
APART)
What cell looks like
Telophase
Cell begins to split into two,
nuclei reappear,
chromosomes break down
into chromatin
Plant: cell plate begins to
form and a cell wall forms
and cytoplasm splits equally
Cytokinesis
Animal: cell membrane
pinches to create a cleavage
furrow and cytoplasm splits
equally