Cell Exam
Monday, November 3rd.
Cell Parts
Cytoplasm-A watery, jellylike substance that fills a cell and contains
the other cell parts.
**Cell Wall-The stiff outer layer that protects a plant cell and gives it
shape. ONLY IN A PLANT CELL
Chromosomes-genetic information if found here. They are
located in the nucleus. Humans have 46 in each cell.
**Chloroplast-A kind of organelle in plant cells that contains
chlorophyll, which enables the plant to makes its own food.
ONLY IN A PLANT CELLS.
Nucleus-The control center of the cell, which directs all the cell’s
activities.
Cell membrane-A thin layer that surrounds the cell and keeps it
together, and controls the substances passing into and out of the cell.
Nuclear membrane-A membrane that surrounds the nucleus and
controls the materials passing into and out of it.
Vacuole-A storage space in a cell, stores food, water and waste for the
cell.
Mitochondria-Bean-shaped organelles that break down sugar to
produce energy.
DNA-A complex chemical that contains information about every part
of an organism. THE BLUEPRINT OF LIFE
Ribosome- Proteins are made here. May be attached to ER.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)- Moves materials throughout the
cell.
Animal cells are more round. Plant cells are rectangular.
What 2 parts are in a plant cell but not in an animal cell?
Cell Wall and Chloroplast.
Robert Hooke was the first person to see cells through a
microscope. He gave cells their name.
Mitosis is the division of body cells. We get an exact
copy at the end of this cell division. (46 chromosomes)
Meiosis is the cell division of reproductive cells. We get
½ of the original cell. (23 chromosomes)
Cells spend most of their life in interphase.
Mitosis Phases
Prophase- Chromosomes pair up.
Metaphase- Chromosomes line up in the middle of cell.
Anaphase- Chromosomes pull apart
Telophase- The nuclear membranes return.
Cytokinesis-Cell division is complete.
Diffusion- is the movement of molecules from an area
of high concentration to an area of low concentration,
until evenly spread out.
Osmosis-is the diffusion of water molecules from an
area of high concentration to an area of lower
concentration through a semipermeable membrane,
until they are evenly spread out.
Cellular Respiration is a chemical process that takes
place in cells turning the food, eaten by an animal or
created by a plant, into the energy the organism
needs to survive.
Food(glucose) + Oxygen = Energy
Multicellular organisms are organized from simple
cells to form complex organisms.
Cells
to
tissues to
organs
to
organ systems
to
Whole organism