2.1 WAVES AND TIDES
2.2 EROSION AND DEPOSITION
(page 348-360)
NAME: _______________________________
TASK: a. Describe the processes of erosion and deposition resulting from wave
actions and water flow
b. Investigate and describe stream characteristics
1. Because there is so much water on Earth, it affects both the _________________
and ______-_____________ parts of Earth’s environment.
2. Try “Making Waves” on page 350. Describe what the cork did.
3. Two examples of how water moves are _________________ and _________________.
Waves are _______________ on the surface of water and tides are the regular
__________________ and __________________ of large bodies of water.
4. Waves are __________________ in ____________________ that move along the
water’s ________________________. Water itself __________ __________ move very
far, but a wave can move _______________________ of kilometers.
5. You saw that the cork (#2) moved in a ___________ ____________. Within a wave,
the ____________ _______________ move in a ________________ motion, and do not
move _______________ __________________.
6. Most waves are caused by ___________. Larger waves require _______________
___________. Diagram out a water wave (fig 2.4)
7. Near the shore water becomes __________________ and the lower part of the
wave ____________ on the ______________ and causes the top of the wave to
________ ____ and eventually _____________. This is where waves do the most
_________________.
8. The force of large waves on shorelines ___________________ away the shore.
Small waves ____________ sand or other _______________ near the shore.
9. ________________ are the rise and fall of the water level along coast lines.
________ tide is the highest water level and _________ tide is the _________ water
level. There are _____ high tides and low tides a ____________.
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10. The main cause of tides is the ___________________ ______________ of the moon,
causing the largest _____________ or _____________ tide. The _________________
and ______________ rotations cause a ______________ bulge on the other side of
the Earth at the same time. As the moon orbits the Earth it _____________ the
_____________ bulge of water along.
11. People who live along oceans use ____________ _____________ to tell them when
the tides occur.
12. A stream profile is a description of its ______________________, which include:
a. ________________________________________________________________
b. ________________________________________________________________
13. PROFILE OF A RIVER: A river may start in the mountains, this is called its
__________________. The volume of water in the stream ________________ as
other ______________ flow into it. The flow is _______________ and _____________
straight in a rivers early stage. When rivers reach lower elevations the ground
______________ and the flow ______________________, causing the stream to move
in ________________ curves called ____________________.When the flat land
becomes covered with water it is known as ______________
_____________________. The speed of the river depends on the water
__________________. At the ______________ the river enters a lake or ocean where
the flow of water ______________ ______________ and __________ much of the
sediments if carries. This sediment forms a fan-shaped deposit called a
______________________.
14. Moving water can tear away _________________ of ______________and
_____________ and _____________ sand and _____________ long distances.
15. Erosion is the ____________________ ________________ and __________________ of
rock fragments and soil (called ________________________)
16. Deposition is the _________________ _____________ or _______________________
of sediments.
17. A river’s sediment load is the amount of _____________-_____________
materials, such as _______________, _______ and _____________ ________________.
As long as the water is flowing it can carry ________________, but as it slows
down it _______________ some of its sediment load and when it stops flowing it
deposits _________ the sediments it still carries.
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18. Chemical weathering also causes ____________________. Caves are formed
when ___________________ and ________________ dissolve ____________________
and other rocks. Rainwater is slightly acid and it reacts with the limestone
(base).
19. A ______________________ is all the area of land that ________________ into one
main lake or river. It can contain many small _______________ and _________,
which eventually drain into an _____________________. The location of the
highest land on the continent determines the ______________ that a ___________
drains. The highest land is called the ________________ _____________ and in
North America it is the __________________ _______________. West of this divide
the rivers flows into the _______________ __________________, to the east rivers
flow into the __________________ _______________ or ________________
_______________.
20. Sketch in the drainage or general watersheds in Alberta and B.C. to the west.
21. What is the source of the Sheep river?___________________ what is the name of
our water shed?
22. Why would it be important to take care of watersheds?
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2.3 PROCESSES THAT SHAPE OCEAN BASINS AND CONTINENTAL DRAINAGE
(page 361-365)
TASK: a. Describe processes leading to the development of ocean basins and
continental drainage systems
b. Identify evidence of glacier action and analyze factors affecting the growth
and attribution of glaciers and polar icecaps
1. The _____________________ is made up of rock that is broken into huge plates,
which are __________________ very slowly over the Earth’s surface. Some plates
are _______________ ________________ each other while others are _____________
_____________. These movements have shaped the ______________________
features on the ocean floors and ____________________.
2. ______________________ _______________ are shallow areas around the edges of
the continents, mainly made up of ____________________ deposits of
________________ eroded off the continents. They are largest on the edges of
oceans where plates are ____________ _____________ from each other.
3. ______________ islands are formed by volcanoes that grow up all the way from
the ocean’s floor. _____________________ do not make it to the ocean’s surface.
4. __________________ from where two _____________ are moving towards each
other.
5. _______________________ ridges form where molten rock pushes up from the
interior of the Earth.
6. Plate tectonics have formed many _________________ ranges. These mountains
have helped to shape ___________________ _____________ systems.
7. _________________ are large moving bodies of ice. As glaciers flow down through
the ______________ ___________, pieces of __________ become embedded in the
ice. These pieces combined with massive glacier grind down and ____________
the land they pass over.
8. The movement of glaciers depends on the _____________. Cooler climate has
______________ melting and warmer climate _____________ melting occurs. As
the glacier melts it ___________ and leaves behind the _________, _________ and
______________ it once contained.
9. Some glacier landforms include: ___________________, _____________, and
_________________.
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