Force & Motion Review Notes
Sir Isaac Newton
Sir Isaac Newton is one of the most influential scientists of all time. He is
most famous for his discovery of gravity. He also had scientific
discoveries involving light & color, and developed the Laws of _________.
Newton’s First Law
Rest
Inertia
An object at rest, ___________ at rest unless acted on by an unbalanced
force.
Example: The snowman doesn’t move unless it is pushed or pulled.
Motion
Newton’s Second Law
An object in motion, ____________ in motion, traveling in a straight line
and at a constant speed, unless acted on by an unbalanced force.
Example: A sled on the ice will keep moving until it is stopped by
another force (like friction or another object in its path).
Force = mass x acceleration
Force
It takes more force to move something heavier vs lighter.
Example: 2 people needed to move a piano, only 1 for a book.
It takes more force to make something move faster.
Example: Hitting a baseball harder makes it go faster/farther.
Mass
If the force is the same, the lighter the mass the more acceleration it will have.
Examples: The washer lab
It takes more force to move something with more mass.
Examples: It is more difficult to pull 2 kids in a sled than 1.
Acceleration
The acceleration of an object depends on the mass of the object and the
Force acting on it.
Acceleration = force ÷ mass
Newton’s Third Law
Action - Reaction
For every action there is an ____________ and ____________ reaction.
The force is equal but the movement is opposite in direction.
Example: The rocket moves upward as the hot gasses move
down.
Measuring Motion
Speed
Speed is distance divided by time.
S=d/t
S= 145 m
3 min
S=90 m/min.
Velocity
Velocity is speed (Distance ÷ Time) and also the ____________.
V=d/t + direction
Example: The boat’s velocity is 35 miles per hour, south.
Acceleration
Acceleration is the ________ of change in velocity over time. There are 3
ways to accelerate an object:
1._______________________________________
2. ______________________________________ which is also
called negative acceleration or ___________________.
3. Changing ____________________.
A = Final velocity – starting velocity
Change in Time
Displacement
Displacement is the measurement of the ___________ and ___________
an object has moved from a particular place called a ____________point.
start
25 meters east
end
10 meters west
15 meters east
is the object’s displacement