CUSTOMER_CODE
SMUDE
DIVISION_CODE
SMUDE
EVENT_CODE
JULY15
ASSESSMENT_CODE BB0010_JULY15
QUESTION_TYPE
DESCRIPTIVE_QUESTION
QUESTION_ID
8306
QUESTION_TEXT
What do you mean by Drafting Questionnaire?
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EVALUATION
Success of questionnaire method of collection of data depends mainly
on proper drafting of the questionnaire. In drafting a questionnaire,
following general principles should be considered. 1 mark
1.The number of questions should be as less as possible. If a lengthy
questionnaire is unavoidable, it should be divided into two or more
parts. 1 mark
2.Questions should be short and simple 1 mark
3.Questions should be such that the answers to them are short. For
instance, the question – ‘Are you married?’ can be answered by saying
‘Yes’ or ‘No’ by the informant. 1 mark
4.As far as possible, questions regarding personal matters should not be
asked. The questions should be so framed that they do not hurt the
feelings of the informants. 1 mark
5.Questions should not be ambiguous, they should be objective. Any
scope for misinterpretation should not be there. 1 mark
6.Questions should be logically arranged 1 mark
7.Any clarification, if necessary, regarding any of the questions, should
be supplied 1 mark
8.Questions should be so framed that validity of the information
supplied by the informant can be cross checked. 1 mark
9.A covering letter introducing the investigator and indicating the
purpose of the survey should be attached to the questionnaire. It should
supply necessary instructions to the informants regarding the return of
the questionnaire, degree of accuracy, etc. 1 mark
QUESTION_TYPE
DESCRIPTIVE_QUESTION
QUESTION_ID
8307
QUESTION_TEXT
When to use the various types of averages?
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EVALUATION
The appropriate situations where various averages can be used are
given below:
Arithmetic mean:
1.The average is required for deep statistical analysis
2.The variable is continuous
3.The variable is additive in nature
Median
1.The variable is discrete
2.Some of the extreme values are missing
3.There re abnormal extreme values
4.Mode is ill-defined
5.The characteristic under study is qualitative 5 mark
Mode:
1.Modal value has very high frequency compared to other
frequencies
Some of the extreme values are missing
The variable is discrete
There are abnormal extreme values
The characteristic under study is qualitative
5 mark
QUESTION_TYPE
DESCRIPTIVE_QUESTION
QUESTION_ID
8308
QUESTION_TEXT
What do you mean by Secular Trend?
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EVALUATION
Secular trend is the long-term tendency of the time series to move in an
upward or downward direction. It summarises the essential life story of
the time series. It indicates how, on the whole, the time series has
behaved over the entire period under study. Also referred to as secular
variations or long-term movements, these are the result of long-term
forces that gradually operate on the time series variable.
A few examples of such forces include long-term changes in
productivity, increase in the rat of capital formation, growth of
population, technological innovations, transformation in socio-economic
setup, etc. Since these forces occur in a slow process, they exert
influence on the time series in a gradual manner.3 mark
The total period which is required to permit the emergence of a trend
depends on (i) the type of event the time series data relate to, and (ii) the
length of the time unit (hour, month, year etc.) against which the data are
recorded. The time period could be as short as a few days or as long as
fifty years, depending on the nature of the even under consideration.
Cyclical Variations
Cyclical variations, also termed as business cycles, are the periodic
movements in the time series around the trend line. These are the
upswings and downswings in the time series that are observable over
extended periods of time. Neither the amplitude nor the frequency of
occurrence of these cycles is uniform. Empirical studies based on the
analysis of time series data on a large number of major economic
aggregates conducted in the United States and other developed countries
have shown that the length of time interval after which cycles occur
ranges from 8 to 10 years.3 mark
Long waves extending up to 50 years have also been observed. These
long waves are difficult to distinguish as they get mixed up with the
trend line. Cycles of 8 to 9 years duration are, however, more common.
These are called trade cycles, while those occurring after a time interval
of 3 to 4 years are known as minor cycles. 2 mark
The forces that give rise to minor cycles cannot be easily listed for being
numerous in number and difficult to separate from those giving rise to
secular variations. Consequently, business cycles are relatively less
predictable than the other types of variations in a time series. 2mark
QUESTION_TYPE
DESCRIPTIVE_QUESTION
QUESTION_ID
73103
QUESTION_TEXT
What is time series? Briefly explain the four components of time series.
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EVALUATION
A time series is the data on any variable recorded over a constant time Interval.
(2 marks)
1. Secular variations (2 marks)
2. Cyclical variations (2 marks)
3. Seasonal variations (2 marks)
4. Irregular variations (2 marks)
QUESTION_TYPE
DESCRIPTIVE_QUESTION
QUESTION_ID
117995
QUESTION_TEXT
What is dispersion? Explain briefly the various methods of measuring
variation (Dispersion).
Variation(dispersion) is the property of deviation of values from the average.
The degree variation is indicated by the measures of variation.
Various measures of variation are
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i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
Range: Range is the difference between the highest and the lowest
values in the data.
Quartile deviation: The quartile deviation is obtained by dividing the
range between the lower and the upper quartiles by 2.
Mean deviation: The mean deviation of a set of values from a central
value is the mean of absolute deviations of the values from the central
value.
Standard deviation: The standard deviation of a set of values is the
positive square root of mean of the squared deviations of the values
from their arithmetic mean.
QUESTION_TYPE
DESCRIPTIVE_QUESTION
QUESTION_ID
117997
QUESTION_TEXT
What is a population? Mention types of Population. Explain Basic properties of
population.
A Population can be defined as the totality of all possible observations,
measurements or outcomes.
Two types of Population:
i.
Finite Population
ii.
Infinite Population
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EVALUATION
Basic Properties of Population
i.
Variability in the Elementary Units: Whatever be our target
population, measurements of any characteristics of its elementary units
are subject to variations. These variations are caused by the operation of
multiplicity of complex forces which act and react upon each other and
influence the population units in varying degrees.
ii.
Variability not without limits: Interestingly, while the variability in the
measurement of the elementary units is a universal property of all
populations, the magnitude of variations is not without limits.
iii. Uniformity in variations: There are multiplicity of complex forces which
generate variations in the elementary units. These forces tend to be so
balanced in their influence that most of the measurements cluster around
a typical central value.