Appendix S1. Geographic details and gypsy moth history of sites
advertisement
Appendix S1. Geographic details and gypsy moth history of sites. Ecoregions were defined according to McNab et al. 2007. The year of quarantine refers to the year in which the gypsy moth was considered to be established per USA Code of Federal Regulations, Title 7, Chapter III, Part 301. We determined gypsy moth defoliation history for each site based upon gypsy moth defoliation maps from aerial surveys (Liebhold et al. 1997, USDA Forest Service 2013). Latitude, Longitude, Year of # Years of Years of N W State Ecoregion Quarantine Defoliation defoliation Northern Ridge & 1976, 40.5169 –76.7780 PA Valley 1972 3 1995, 1998 1977, 1984, 1986– Northern 1987, Ridge & 1995, 40.5265 –76.7693 PA Valley 1972 7 1998, 2009 Unglaciated 1978, Allegheny 1989– 41.3858 –77.5436 PA Plateau 1973 4 1990, 1992 Unglaciated Allegheny 1978, 41.2765 –77.3976 PA Plateau 1973 3 1990, 2008 1977– 1978, Northern 1989– Ridge & 1990, 41.1017 –77.2228 PA Valley 1973 6 2008–2009 Unglaciated Allegheny 41.2016 –77.6043 PA Plateau 1973 2 1990, 2008 1978, Northern 1981, Ridge & 1990– 41.0192 –77.1053 PA Valley 1973 5 1991, 2000 Northern 1978, Ridge & 1981, 40.7061 –77.5947 PA Valley 1973 4 1987, 1992 1980– Northern 1983, Ridge & 1986, 40.7164 –77.8986 PA Valley 1973 6 1991–1992 1981, Northern 1985, Ridge & 1987, 40.2378 –77.5472 PA Valley 1973 5 2000, 2008 40.0533 –77.4081 PA 40.0183 –77.2773 PA 39.4138 39.4620 39.6473 39.6697 39.6855 –77.6438 –76.3021 –76.3824 –76.3798 –76.5471 MD MD MD MD MD 41.1551 –78.1805 PA 41.1941 –78.1301 PA 39.7750 –78.4430 PA 39.7812 –78.4405 PA 39.8828 39.6652 39.7087 39.3989 39.2606 39.3969 39.4848 –77.5389 –76.7214 –76.6750 –76.4250 –76.4127 –76.4877 –77.2805 PA MD MD MD MD MD MD 39.5960 –77.5710 MD 39.5982 –77.4317 MD 39.5287 –77.4661 MD 39.5703 39.5291 39.2565 –77.4934 –77.3016 –77.2891 MD MD MD Northern Ridge & Valley Blue Ridge Mountains Blue Ridge Mountains Piedmont Piedmont Piedmont Piedmont Unglaciated Allegheny Plateau Unglaciated Allegheny Plateau Northern Ridge & Valley Northern Ridge & Valley Northern Ridge & Valley Piedmont Piedmont Coastal Plains Coastal Plains Coastal Plains Piedmont Blue Ridge Mountains Blue Ridge Mountains Blue Ridge Mountains Blue Ridge Mountains Piedmont Piedmont 1973 1 1987 1973 1 1982 1974 1974 1974 1974 1974 0 1 1 2 3 1974 4 — 2009 1983 1983, 1987 1984–1986 1981– 1982, 1990, 2000 1974 3 1981– 1982, 2008 1974 3 1984– 1985, 2007 1974 3 1984– 1985, 2007 1974 1981 1981 1981 1981 1981 1981 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 — 1985 — — — 2007 1987 1981 0 1981 5 — 1982, 1985, 1987– 1988, 2008 1981 2 1986–1987 1981 1981 1982 0 2 1 — 1987, 2008 1989 39.6890 –78.4023 MD 39.6321 –78.4368 MD 39.6451 39.1823 39.3302 –78.4282 –76.7853 –77.0220 MD MD MD 39.1626 –78.2812 VA 39.1987 –78.3075 VA Northern Ridge & Valley Northern Ridge & Valley Northern Ridge & Valley Coastal Plains Piedmont Northern Ridge & Valley Northern Ridge & Valley 1983 2 1991, 2000 1983 2 1984–1985 1983 1983 1983 0 2 1 — 1989, 2009 1989 1984 2 1990, 1993 1984 3 1984 5 1985 3 1985 3 1988, 1990, 1993 1987– 1988, 1993, 2001, 2008 1989– 1990, 2008 1989– 1990, 2008 1985 2 1990–1991 1985 0 — 1985 2 1991–1992 1985 4 1990–1993 1989, 1992– 1994, 2008 1988, 1992, 1984, 2008–2009 39.2537 –78.3079 VA 39.6945 –79.1928 MD 39.6930 –79.1932 MD 38.9884 –79.2943 WV 38.9594 –79.2943 WV 38.9678 –79.2455 WV 38.9167 –79.2655 WV Northern Ridge & Valley Allegheny Mountains Allegheny Mountains Northern Ridge & Valley Northern Ridge & Valley Northern Ridge & Valley Northern Ridge & Valley VA Blue Ridge Mountains 1986 5 VA Blue Ridge Mountains 1986 5 38.6750 38.7616 –78.2898 –78.2962 38.4693 –79.1974 VA 38.4739 –79.2041 VA 37.9231 –78.9608 VA 38.2129 –79.2965 VA 38.7615 –79.3083 WV 37.9044 –78.9554 VA 38.1428 –80.0253 WV 37.9819 –80.1572 WV 37.9974 –80.2040 WV 37.9002 –80.2321 WV 37.8231 –80.2144 WV 37.9553 –80.1891 WV 37.2640 –80.5236 VA Northern Ridge & Valley Northern Ridge & Valley Blue Ridge Mountains Northern Ridge & Valley Northern Ridge & Valley Blue Ridge Mountains Allegheny Mountains Allegheny Mountains Allegheny Mountains Allegheny Mountains Allegheny Mountains Allegheny Mountains Northern Ridge & Valley 1987 3 1992, 1995, 2008 1987 3 1989 4 1992, 1995, 2008 1991– 1993, 2008 1989 1 1995 1989 3 1992– 1993, 2002 1994 1 1992 1994 2 2001, 2003 2002 1 2007 2002 0 — 2002 1 2008 2002 2 2008–2009 2002 1 2007 2010 1 2008 References Liebhold AM, Gottschalk KW, Luzader ER, Mason DA, Bush R, Twardus DB (1997) Gypsy moth in the United States: An atlas. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report NE– 233, 36 pp McNab WH, Cleland DT, Freeouf JA, Keys Jr JE, Nowacki GJ, Carpenter CA (2007) Description of ecological subregions: sections of the conterminous United States. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report WO–76B, 82 pp USDA Forest Service (2013) Insect and disease detection surveys. Available from: http://www.fs.fed.us/foresthealth/technology/adsm.shtml.
