1. Who developed the theory that the continents were once joined?
Alfred Wegener
2. Who proposed the theory of seafloor spreading?
Harry Hess
3. Scientists have discovered alternating bands of magnetism in the rocks containing iron on
the ocean floor. Explain why the magnetism in the rocks alternates.
Earth’s magnetic field has continually reversed. The alignment of the iron atoms
alternates depending on the polarity of Earth at the time the seafloor was created.
4. List the four evidences for continental drift.
a. Puzzle-like fit of the continents
b. Similar fossils have been found on different continents
c. Remains of warm-weather plants in Arctic areas and glacial deposits in tropical
areas suggest continents have moved.
d. Similar rock structures are found on different continents.
5. Explain why Wegner’s ideas about continental drift were not accepted when he proposed
the ideas in 1912.
No one could explain how or why the continents had moved.
6. What is Pangaea?
A large ancient landmass that was composed of all the continents joined together
7. What do the plates of the lithosphere float on? Describe the properties of this layer.
the athenosphere – plastic-like, not rigid
8. What is the rigid layer made of the crust and upper mantle?
the lithosphere
9. Discuss the two evidences of seafloor spreading.
a. Youngest rocks are located at mid-ocean ridges.
b. Reversals of Earth’s magnetic field are recorded by rocks in strips parallel to
ridges.
10. Name the boundary when plates slide past one another.
transform boundaries
11. Name the boundary when plates move apart from each other.
Divergent boundary
12. How does a mid-ocean ridge form? Include the words “seafloor spreading” and “less
dense” in your explanation.
Less dense magma rises through cracks in the seafloor. This rising creates a ridge on the
ocean floor. The seafloor spreads apart at the ridge, creating new seafloor.
13. Explain how the Himalayan Mountains were formed. Include the type of boundary and the
names of the tectonic plates. (map on p. 285)
Continental Collision between the Arabian and Eurasian Plate.
14. Where are the youngest rocks on the ocean floor found?
Near the mid-ocean ridges
15. Give an example of a transform boundary.
San Andreas fault
16. The Andes mountain range of South America was formed at what kind of plate boundary?
convergent plate boundary – subduction zone
17. Give an example of a divergent plate boundary involving two oceanic plates.
Mid-Atlantic ridge
18. Give an example of a divergent plate boundary involving two continental plates.
Great Rift Valley of Africa
19. Plates that move towards one another are called?
convergent plate boundary
20. What is a subduction zone?
A more dense oceanic plate is forced under a less dense continental plate
21. Explain convection current.
Hot less dense molten rock is forced upward, when it reaches the surface, it cools and
sinks back into the Earth. (The entire cycle of heating, rising, cooling, and sinking)
22. What drives the plate motion on Earth? What is the source of this movement?
Convection Current
23. On average, how much do the contintenal plates move in a year?
1 to 2 inches per year
24. Be able to use the map on page 285 to answer questions:
What type of boundary occurs between the Nazca Plate and the South American Plate?
Convergent, Subduction Zone
What type of boundary occurs between the South American and the African Plate?
Divergent – Mid Ocean Ridge
25. Compare and contrast epicenter and focus.
Epicenter is the point on the Earth’s Surface above the earthquake and focus is the point
below the Earth’s surface where the energy is released in the form of seismic waves.
26. Explain the elastic limit.
Force causes rocks to bend and when the reach the elastic limit they break and cause an
earthquake.
27. Which seismic waves are the most destructive?
Surface
28. Which seismic waves are fastest? Slowest?
Primary
Surface
29. What is the difference between a seismogram and a seismograph?
Seismogram is the paper reading and seismograph is the machine.
30. What is the plastic like layer of earth’s upper mantle.
asthenosophere
31. Define the following words: focus, primary wave, surface wave, fault, mantle, crust,
tsunami
32. What Type of fault is the San Andreas?
Strike-slip fault
33. Define the following words: caldera, crater, tephra, volcano, vent, cinder cone volcano,
shield volcano, composite volcano, hot spot
34. What determines if a volcanic eruption is violent or quiet?
The amount of trapped gasses and silica.
35. What type of plate boundary tends to have volcanoes that are violent?
Convergent
36. What determines the divisions of Geologic time?
Fossils and Organisms
37. What is the longest subdivision in division in geologic time? Shortest?
Eon
Epoch
38. List examples of life-forms from the Cenozoic Era.
Life forms living today
39. List examples of life-forms from the Precrambrian Era.
Bacteria, sponges, jellyfish
40. Explain relative dating.
Determining the order of events by examining the position of rocks
41. What are gaps in the rock layers?
Unconformities
42. What does it mean if the same sequence of rocks is observed over a large area?
a large deposit of rock formed over a large area
43. In a series of undisturbed rock layers where shale lies between sandstone below and
limestone above, what is the oldest rock layer? The youngest?
Oldest – sandstone
Youngest – limestone
44. What is absolute dating?
Dating that uses the properties of atoms in rocks and other objects to find their ages
45. Rock layers are correlated if they both contain the same ____.
Fossils
46. (Fill in the blanks) With _____________ dating, a rock's exact age can be determined,
whereas with ________________ dating, a rock's age is compared to the ages of other
rocks.
absolute, relative
47. A sample of a radioactive element has a mass of 40g. How much parent and daughter
materials are in the sample after two half-lives?
10 grams parent
30 grams daughter
How much parent and daughter materials are in the sample after three half-lives?
5 grams parent
35 grams daughter
48. A sample of a radioactive element has a mass of 60g. How much parent and daughter
materials are in the sample after two half-lives?
15 grams parent
45 grams daughter
How much parent and daughter materials are in the sample after three half-lives?
7.5 grams parent
52.5 grams daughter
49. If 12.5 percent of the parent material remains in a rock sample, how many half-lives have
occurred?
3 half-lives
50. If 25 percent of the parent material remains in a rock sample, how many half-lives have
occurred?
2 half-lives
51. Determine the percent of parent material that will be left after five half-lives.
6.25 divided by 2 = 3.125%
52. Determine how much parent material will be left after six half-lives.
3.125 vided by 2 = 1.5625%
53. Newton’s First Law of Motion
54. Newton’s Second Law of Motion
55. Newton’s Third Law of Motion
56. The gas in a rocket pushes down as the rocket ascends into the atmosphere.
3rd
57. Ian pushed a piano across the room with the correct amount of force.
2nd
58. Chris, a magician, pulled a tablecloth off the table from under the dishes which were on top
of the tablecloth.
1st
59. A cannonball is shot from the barrel of a cannon and the cannon recoils
3rd
60. A book is sitting on a table. Assuming no friction, Zindi pushed it with the correct amount of
force to make it move.
2nd
61. Alex's car stopped running. He needs to push it to get it started, however, he is not strong
enough. Three of his girlfriends come over to help him and the car starts.
2nd
62. In space, a comet will keep going in the same direction forever until another force
increases. (example - a planet's gravity)
1st