jssc4443-sup-0001-SuppMat

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Supporting Information

Prediction of gas chromatography-flame ionization response factors: algorithm improvement, extension to silylated compounds, and application to the quantification of metabolites

Jean-Yves de Saint Laumer, Sabine Leocata, Emeline Tissot, Lucie Baroux, David M. Kampf,

Philippe Merle, Alain Boschung, Markus Seyfried, Alain Chaintreau

Accuracy of combustion enthalpies

Our initial data set did not contain acetylenic compounds. However, we observed a systematic shift of about 33.4 kcal/mol for this functional class, in comparison with measured values reported in the literature, when the combustion enthalpies were predicted by Equation (7) . This shift has a significant impact only in the case of very small molecules. This bias rises to 13% for acetylene, the smallest possible acetylenic structure, and can be considered as the maximum error for this family of compounds. For compounds with four carbons such as 2-butyne, the bias decreases to 4.8%. Because our objective was to provide a very simple equation for the prediction of the flame ionization detector response factor, we did not introduce corrective parameters into our equations.

Influence of the solvent

The robustness of the relative response factor (RRF) measurement was tested in a previous study

[1]

; however, the influence of the possible solvent had not been investigated.

As a test, we measured the purity of a series of fragrance allergens by using the predicted RRFs and the quick procedure (section 2.9.1). Four different solvents were used: dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methyl pivalate, and toluene (Bp = 40, 77.1, 101, and 110.6 °C, respectively). The purities were consistent when the latter three solvents were used. However, when measured as a solution in the most volatile solvent, CH

2

Cl

2

, the purities were systematically overestimated because of an underestimation of the apparent RRFs. A very volatile solvent seems to give rise to injection selectivity.

Table S1 . Purities of commercial sources of fragrance allergens, and relative standard deviations

(RSDs) of purities over the different solvents.

Purities

 Products Solvent  EtOAc Toluene CH

2

Cl

2

Me Piv

Anisole

Limonene

Alpha Terpinolene

Linalool

4-Terpinen-1-ol

Geranial + Neral

(+)-R-8-methoxy-p-menthene

8-Methoxy-p-menthene

Linalyl Acetate

Hydroxy Citronellal

Gamma Damascone

Geranyl acetate

Coumarin

2E-Alpha Damascone a

2E-Alpha Damascone a

2E-Alpha Damascone a

102

87

99

106

106

98

102

84

50

107

91

99

105

116

105

108

108

92

110

112

115

105

106

86

51

108

96

96

102

113

106

110

102

88

100

106

110

99

102

84

50

106

90

99

105

115

105

108

101

85

96

105

102

95

100

84

50

96

90

99

104

111

105

107

RSD

All solvents

Without

CH

2

Cl

2

3.1%

3.3%

6.0%

3.0%

5.1%

4.2%

2.5%

1.2%

1.0%

5.3%

3.1%

1.5%

1.4%

1.9%

0.5%

1.2%

0.6%

1.8%

2.1%

0.5%

3.8%

2.1%

1.1%

0.0%

0.0%

5.9%

0.6%

0.0%

0.6%

2.3%

0.0%

0.5%

(E)-Beta Damascone b

(E)-Beta Damascone b

Methyl Isoeugenol o-Methoxy cinnamaldehyde

Methyl alpha ionone c

Methyl alpha ionone c

Propylidene Phthalide

Methyl Ionone (

+

+

)

Amylcinnamaldehyde

Farnesyl acetate

Geranyl benzoate

Median a, b, c Different batches.

98

99

87

100

76

89

88

78

89

90

85

98

105

90

105

81

94

98

81

95

92

81

106

110

98

124

87

101

108

88

106

105

96

Stability of the internal standard for metabolite studies

99

102

89

105

79

92

94

80

93

88

81

3.9%

4.5%

5.3%

9.8%

5.8%

5.4%

8.7%

5.3%

7.6%

8.2%

8.3%

4.2%

The internal standard (ISTD) used to measure the experimental RRF values was an ester (methyl octanoate). Therefore, there was a risk of hydrolysis when it was added to the acidified biodegradation medium before extraction with CH

2

Cl

2

. To check its stability, we performed a blank experiment by using the biodegradation medium: the same amount of methyl octanoate was used as in a normal biodegradation experiment, plus an equal amount of tetralin as a second, nonhydrolyzable ISTD. The mixture was then extracted with CH

2

Cl

2

and the latter evaporated before dilution in ethyl acetate. The tetralin peak was used to quantify the remaining methyl octanoate, and its recovery was found to be 99.7%.

0.6%

2.9%

1.7%

2.8%

3.2%

2.7%

5.4%

1.9%

3.3%

2.2%

2.8%

1.9%

Purity of polyhydroxylated compounds

Resveratrol, malic and tartaric acids, and inositol, representing tri- to hexahydroxylated compounds, were derivatized with bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide/1% trimethylchlorosilane. The determination of their purities by using the quick procedure gave values between 90 and 108%. Whereas these values could fall within the variability of the RRF prediction, the lower calculated purity of tartaric acid and inositol could be inherent in a noncomplete derivatization, because it is known that steric hindrance can alter the silylation

yield. Thus, it is unlikely that the applicability of the algorithm to polysilylated products can be questioned by these results. In contrast, in the case of inositol, the hydroxyl groups were not hindered and a high predicted purity was observed.

Table S2 . Purity determination of polyhydroxylated compounds after silylation and by using the quick procedure (certified purities of underivatized compounds ≥ 99%).

Resveratrol-TMS

Malic acid-TMS

Tartaric acid-TMS

Inositol-TMS

TMS, trimethylsilyl.

OH

groups

4

6

3

3

Predicted

RRF

0.968

1.413

1.399

1.212

Apparent

RRF

0.897

1.532

1.557

1.350

Predicted

purity

108.0%

92.2%

89.9%

89.8%

Reference

[1] Cicchetti, E., Merle, P., Chaintreau, A. Flavour Fragrance J.

2008, 23, 450-459.

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