Name:_____________________________________________________
Ms. Marcino
Environmental Science
Note Packet
Chapter 7, 8, and 9-Terrestrial Biomes (pg 110-153)
1. READ chapter 7, 8, and 9 (pgs 110-153) in the text book.
2. Define the Vocabulary:
Chapter 7 Vocabulary
1. Desertification:
2. Leaching:
3. Migration:
4. Nocturnal:
5. Pavement:
6. Permafrost:
7. Succulent:
Chapter 8 Vocabulary
1. Bunchgrasses:
2. Desert-grassland boundary:
3. Grasslands:
4. Humus:
5. Prairie:
6. Runner:
7. Savanna:
8. Sod-forming grasses:
9. Steppe:
10. Tuft:
11. Vertical feeding pattern:
Chapter 9 Vocabulary
1. Conifer:
2. Deciduous tree:
3. Deforestation:
4. Rain forest:
CHAPTER 7: DESERT AND TUNDRA
7.1 DESERTS

All ____________________ receive very little _______________________.

Soil rich in __________________________________; poor in ______________________________________________.

Lack of ______________________________________________________:

Leaching:

Not many ________________________.

Slows ________________________ of _____________________________________________.

______________ much ______________________________.

Pavement:

2 Main Types (in U.S.)


1. __________________________________________

2. __________________________________________
Cool ____________________________________


______________________________________________ and ________________________________________
__________________ Deserts

_______________________________________ (Arizona, New Mexico, Texas)
DESERT CLIMATE

Less than ____________________________ precipitation per year.

Few _________________________________________________________________________ with long, dry periods.

Large change in temperature in _______________________________________________________.
DESERT ORGANISMS

Desert Plants

Able to ______________________________________________________________________ and prevent loss from
_____________________.

_________________________:

Spines ______________________________________________________.

Store ________________________________________________________.

Spines protect from _________________________________________.

Succulents:

Plant roots

____________________________________________________ growing over wide area allow
________________________________________________________________________________________.

Desert Animals

Get water they need from _________________________________________.

Insects and Reptiles


_____________________________________________ to reduce water loss.
Nocturnal:

Most desert animals are nocturnal.
CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING:
1. What is meant by the pavement of a desert?
2. Explain why desert soil tends to be rich in minerals but poor in organic material.
3. Why are midday temperatures in the summer generally higher in deserts than in forests?
7.2 FORMATION OF DESERTS

Natural _______________________________________________.

Dry _______________________________________________________________________________________________.

_________________________________________________________________________________________ towards
Earth.

Cool, dry air picks up the moisture in the soil and the ________________________________________.


Called _________________________________________________.
Desertification

The process of _____________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________.

Deserts _______________________________ by semiarid regions.
CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING:
1. How do semiarid regions differ from deserts?
2. Explain the role of mountains in the formation of deserts.
7.3 TUNDRA


Location

___________________________ Hemisphere, south of __________________________________________.

Cover ________________________________ of ___________________________________________________.

Largest biome.
Climate

Less than ______________________________________________________________________________ per year.

Temperatures usually below _____________________________________________________________.

Permafrost:

Rainfall during summer does not drain-____________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________.


Tundra ___________________________

Small and _______________________________________________________________________________.

Roots close to __________________________________.

Trees are ____________________________________________________ (_____________________________________).
____________________________ Animals

Seasonal Visitors

Migration:

__________________________________________________________________________________________________.

Thick coats, _____________________________________________________________________ (insulation).
CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING:
1. What are lichens? What is their ecological role in the tundra?
CHAPTER 8: GRASSLAND BIOMES
8.1 GRASSLANDS

Grassland:

Africa, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________.

Grassland __________________________________


_________________________ than deserts.

Desert-grassland boundary:
Grassland ___________________________________________

_______________________________!

Most of the grass plant is ______________________________-not limited by
________________________.

Fire

Keep grass from ___________________________________________________________________.

Burn away __________________________________________________________________________.

________________________ nutrients.

Allow _______________________________________ of grass __________________________.

Some plants are drought-resistant.

Grazing animals

Bison!

Keep ____________________________ close to ground.

_________________________________________________________________ (prairie dogs, earthworms,
etc).

________________________________seasons and _________________________ seasons.


Determine what kinds of organisms live here.
Divided into:

_________________________________

_________________________________

_________________________________
CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING:
1. Where are grasslands located in relation to deserts and forests?
2. Identify some biotic and abiotic factors affecting the growth of grasslands.
8.2 STEPPES AND PRAIRIES

Steppes:

Located to the ______________________________________________________________.

Prairie:

Steppe and Prairie Climates

Steppe-_________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________


Prairie-_________________________________________________________________________________________________
Steppe and Prairie Organisms


Sod-forming grasses:

Roots prevent soil from _______________________________________________________________________.

Humus:
Bunchgrasses:


Roots ____________________________________________________________________________________________.
Animals

Migrate, hibernate, burrow underground.
CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING:
1. How does the activity of burrowing animals benefit the prairie?
2. Name some ways in which steppes and prairies are damaged and desertification develops.
8.3 SAVANNAS

Savannas:

Asia, _______________________________________________________________________.

Savanna Climate

Rainy seasons followed by ___________________________________.


_________________________________________________________________________________________.
Savanna Organisms

Resistant to ___________________________________________________________________________.

Runners:

Tufts:

Trees and shrubs have _________________________________________________________ to protect against
grazing.

______________________ rapidly.

Many animals ________________________________________________________________________________ (giraffes,
antelopes, elephants).

Vertical feeding pattern:
CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING:
1. What is the purpose of growing runners?
2. How have plants adapted to savanna life?
3. What could happen to the migrating animals in a savanna if they were fenced in a large wildlife park
for protection?
CHAPTER 9: FOREST BIOMES
9.1 CONIFEROUS FORESTS

______________________________ Hemisphere

Warm summer, ________________________________________________.

___________________________________________ winters

_________________________________________________________ per year.

Conifers:

_________________ like leaves, covered in _________________ substance.

Do not lose their “_____________________________”.

Conserve water, shed _____________________________________________________.

Examples:___________________________________________________________________.

Soil _______________________________________________________.

Snow fall traps ___________________ and prevents ground from _______________________________________.


Small _________________________________ eat seeds.


________________________ tree roots.
_____________________________________________________________________.
Large herbivore eat ___________________________________________________.

Elk, moose, beavers, snowshoe hares.
CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING:
1. What does the word coniferous mean?
9.2 DECIDUOUS FORESTS

__________________________________ zones.

Deciduous tree:

Temperatures: ____________________________________________________________________.

_________________________________________________________, falls regularly.

Growing season lasts ____________________________________.

______________________________________ and produce lots of food.

_____________________________________ and go _________________ during autumn.

Examples:_________________________________________________________________________________________.

Canopy:

Made of _______________________________________________________________________________.

Captures most of ________________________________________.

Understory:

__________________ beneath understory.

______________________________, ___________________________________________________________________floor.

Falling leaves ________________________________________ and add _________________________________________.

Diverse plant and animal life.

Humans consume forest-_______________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________.
CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING:
1. Why is the soil of a deciduous forest more fertile than that of a coniferous forest?
9.3 RAIN FORESTS

Temperatures about _____________________________________________.

___________________________________________________________________________ 12 months.

______________________________________________________________________________________ per year.

Rain forest structure.

Rain forest:

Most _____________________ and _________________________ biome.

Trees (_________________________________________________________________________________)

Reach heights of ______________________ meters.

Canopy captures ______________________________________.

Sparse _________________________ on forest floor.

Almost all ___________________________ contained in _____________________________________________.

_______________________________________, poor in ________________________________.



Organic matter consumed so quickly by other organisms.
__________________ tree roots.
Organisms and Diversity


Due to:

_________________________________________________________ plants.

__________________________________________________________ of habitats.
Deforestation

___________________________________________________________________________________ human
activity.

Need for _________________________________________________ = driving force.
CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING:
1. Why do rainforest trees have buttresses?
2. Plants on the floor of a rain forest often have very large leaves. Propose a hypothesis explaining this
observation.