TOPIC 10 – Review Book
DEPOSITION
Define the vocabulary
1. barrier island _______________________________________________________________
2. deposition _________________________________________________________________
3. drumlin____________________________________________________________________
4. kettle lake _________________________________________________________________
5. moraine ___________________________________________________________________
6. outwash plain ______________________________________________________________
7. sand dune _________________________________________________________________
8. sorted sediments ___________________________________________________________
9. unsorted sediments _________________________________________________________
Answer the questions:
Topic Overview Figure 10-1
1. Where is the most likely final destination of most deposition where it is put into
layers?_______________________________________________________________________
FACTORS THAT AFFECT DEPOSITION: SIZE, SHAPE, DENSITY OF PARTICLES
PARTICLE SIZE
2. What is the relationship between size of particle and the rate of
deposition? _________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
3. What is the relationship between density and the rate of deposition?
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
4. Figure 10-2 What is the relationship between settling rate and settling
time? __________________________________________________________
SORTING OF SEDIMENTS AND DEPOSITION
5. Why does deposition happen? _______________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6. What is the pattern of deposition when a stream enters a large body of water like an ocean –
what gets deposited first/last? __________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
7. Horizontal sorting happens when stream’s velocity slows down gradually. Vertical sorting
happens when different size particles settle in calm water. Graded Bedding is a type of vertical
sorting that shows several distinct periods of deposition.
Using figures 10-3 and 10-4 draw the 2 different sorting arrangements.
HORIZONTAL SORTING
VERTICAL
SORTING/GRADED BEDDING
UNSORTED GLACIAL AND MASS MOVEMENT DEPOSITS – Figure 10-5
8. Explain WHY most of New York State is covered by unsorted sediment deposits.___________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
A Model of an Erosional-Depositional System
Energy Transformations in the Model System
9. What is the relationship between stream velocity, slope and kinetic energy?_______________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Erosion and Deposition in Relation to Energy Changes – THIS IS IMPORTANT!
PAY SPECIAL ATTENTION TO FIGURE 10-6 TO HELP UNDERSTAND THIS!
10. Wherever the kinetic energy of the system is large, ________________ is the dominant
process.
11. Wherever the kinetic energy of the system is small, ________________ is the dominant
process.
12. Thus, erosion occurs in regions of ________________or high discharge, and deposition
occurs in regions of ____________________or low discharge
13. Stream velocity is faster at the ____________ of curves, or meanders, and slower on the
____________ . Therefore, ________________ usually occurs at the outside of meanders and
_________________ occurs at the inside.
DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM OCCURS WHEN EROSION = DEPOSITION
Characteristic Features of the Chief Depositional Agents
Deposition by Streams
14. In the stream course itself sediments are deposited on the _______________ of meanders
where stream velocity is ___________ .
15. What forms when a stream floods?__________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
16. A delta usually forms when a stream enters the ocean or a large lake. What could cause a
delta not to form?_____________________________________________________________________
17. Figure 10-7 Land Delta
Looking at the cross-section – how would you describe
the shape (Hint: similar to a regular delta) ___________
_________________________________________________
Deposition by Glaciers Figure 10-8
18. What forms at the edge of a glacier when there is a balance of melting and forward
movement (dynamic equilibrium)? _____________________________________________________
19. How does the shape of a drumlin tell us the direction of glacial movement?______________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
20. How do kettle lakes form?__________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
21. How does an outwash plain form and how is it different from sediments deposited directly
by ice?_______________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Deposition on Coastlines by Water Waves and Currents
If after or during reading this section you realize you forgot what a long shore current is go
back to Topic 9
22. Figure 10-9 How do barrier islands form?____________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
Fire Island is a barrier island located off the southern coast of Long Island
Deposition by Wind
23. Why does wind generally only carry fine sediment?
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
Figure 10-10 shows how sand dunes form. Prevailing winds are winds that blow consistently in
the same direction forming a windward side which is (gentle, steep) and a leeward side which
is (gentle, steep). Be able to identify the prevailing winds by using a sand dune diagram. In the
diagram below the winds are blowing (right to left, left to right).
24. Figure 10-10 C – How does cross-bedding form in sand dunes? _________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Deposition by Mass Movement
25. What are the three general characteristics of sediments deposited by mass movements
(avalanches, rock falls, landslides, etc…)?________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________