An Approach Towards Video Steganography
Using FZDH (Forbidden Zone Data Hiding)
Snehal Satpute ,Sunayana Shahane,Shivani Singh,
Guided by Prof.Manisha Sharma
Department of Computer Engineering,
G.S.Moze College of Engineering,Pune University,
Ganeshkhind Pune Maharashtra,India.
E-mail: snhlsatpute2@gmail.com,sunayana2908@gmail.com,shivani7233@gmail.com
Abstract:Video Steganography is a technique to
hide any kind of files in any extension into a
carrying Video file. This project is the application
developed to embed any kind of data(File) in
another file, which is called carrier file. The
carrier file must be a video file. It is concerned
with embedding information in an innocuous
cover media in a secure and robust manner. This
system makes the Files more secure by using the
concepts of Stenography and Cryptography. This
is technique which is used for secure transferring
of data. In Cryptography the data is hidden but
more securely it is hidden in video
steganography.Forbidden Zone Data Hiding is the
algorithm where no alteration is required in host
signal range during data hiding process.The cover
data should not be significantly degraded by the
embedded data, and the embedded data should be
as imperceptible as possible. The embedded data
should be as immune as possible to modifications
from
intelligent
attacks
or
anticipated
manipulations.
Key words: FZDH, DCT,Encrypt Process,
Decrypt Process.
I INTRODUCTION
Data hiding is essentially a communication system, in
which some data is conveyed within a host medium
and transmitted to the receiver.There are four main
requirements of a typical data hiding system:
Imperceptibility, robustness, capacity, and security.
The degree of importance of any requirement
depends on the type of the application. Some
applications may not request some of these basic
requirements, except imperceptibility, which is
indispensable for most of the data hiding
applications.
Imperceptibility: There should not be perceptual
degradation due to data hiding. Ideally one could not
be able to distinguish host signal and marked
signal.Marked signal should be similar to the host
signal.
Robustness: It is the ability and strength of a data
hiding system after certain attacks, in terms of
correctly decoding the hidden data. The degree of
robustness is determined by the application. In
general, data hiding algorithms are designed for
certain attacks and allowable distortion levels.
Capacity: It refers to the feasible number of message
bits that can be hidden in the host signal. The amount
may range from one bit to millions of bits, which
depends on the application.
Security: For some applications security may be
crucial. In that case, algorithms should secure the
hidden data so that adversaries cannot intrude or
interfere by any means.
II PROBLEM STATEMENT
The video data hiding methods utilize uncompressed
video data. Proposes a high volume transform
domain data hiding in MPEG-2 videos. They apply
QIM to low-frequency DCT coefficients and adapt
the quantization parameter based on MPEG-2
parameters. Furthermore, they vary the embedding
rate
depending on the type of the frame. As a
result, insertions and erasures occur at the decoder,
which causes de-synchronization.The new blockbased selective embedding type data hiding
framework that encapsulates Forbidden Zone Data
Hiding (FZDH) and RA codes in accordance with an
additional temporal synchronization mechanism.
FZDH is a practical data hiding method, which is
shown to be superior to the conventional
Quantization Index Modulation (QIM). RA codes are
already used in image and video data hiding due to
their strength against erasures. This robustness allows
handling de-synchronization between embedded and
decoder that occurs as a result of the differences in
the selected coefficients.
III DATA HIDING:
With respect to host signal domain, data hiding in
video sequences is performed in two major ways:
bitstream level and data level. In bitstream level, the
redundancies within the current compression
standards are exploited. Typically, encoders have
various options during encoding and this freedom of
selection is suitable for manipulation with the aim of
data hiding. However, these methods highly rely on
the structure of the bitstream; hence they are quite
fragile; in the sense that in many cases, they cannot
survive any format conversion or transcoding even
without any significant loss of perceptual quality. As
a result, this type of data hiding methods is generally
proposed for fragile applications, such as
authentication. On the other hand, data level methods
are more robust to attacks. Therefore, they are
suitable for a broader range of applications. On the
other hand, data level methods are more robust to
attacks. Therefore, they are suitable for a broader
range of applications.Despite their fragility, the
bitstream based methods are still attractive for data
hiding applications. However, most of the video data
hiding methods utilize uncompressed video data. A
system proposes a high volume transform domain
data hiding in MPEG-2 videos. They apply QIM to
low-frequency DCT coefficients and adapt the
quantization parameter based on MPEG-2
parameters. Furthermore, they vary the embedding
rate depending on the type of the frame. As a result,
insertions and erasures occur at the decoder, which
causes de-synchronization.They utilize Repeat
Accumulate (RA) codes in order to withstand
erasures. Since they adapt the parameters according
to type of frame, each frame is processed separately.
RA codes are already applied in image data hiding. In
adaptive block selection results in de-synchronization
and they utilize RA codes to handle erasures.
Insertions and erasures can be also handled by
convolutional codes.Multiple parallel decoders are
used to correct de-synchronization errors. However,
it is observed that such a scheme is successful when
the number of the selected host signal samples is
much less than the total number of host signal
samples.A 3-D DWT domain is used to hide data.
They use lowest subband coefficients and do not
perform any adaptive selection. Therefore, they do
not use error correction codes robust to erasures.
Instead, they use BCH code to increase error
correction capability. One perform 3-D interleaving
in order to get rid of local burst of errors.
Additionally,
they
propose
a
temporal
synchronization technique to cope with temporal
attacks, such as frame drop, insert and repeat. Image
and video data hiding share many common points;
however, video data hiding necessitates more
complex designs.
IV STEGANOGRAPHY
[A] Historical View:
Steganography is basically stega + nography. ‘Stega’
means ‘covered’ coming from the Greek
word“stegos” and ‘nography’ means ‘writing’
coming from the Greek word “graphia”. Thus,
Steganographymeans
covered
writing.
Steganography is an ancient art of conveying
messages in a secret way such thatonly the receiver
knows the presence of the message. The most
common use of steganography is to hide a file inside
another file.The message is hidden in another media
such that thetransmitted media appears meaningful to
the attacker. If the hidden message is extracted the
steganography technique fails. Steganographic
technique allows one party to communicate with
another party withoutthird party being aware that
communication is occurring. Steganography is the
method of encodingsecret data such that the existence
of the information is concealed. Usually, the data is
concealed inside an innocuous cover such that even if
hostile agents discover the cover, there is no
suspicions about thepresence of data in that cover.
Steganography and Cryptography are cousins in the
spy craft family .However, Cryptographic &
Steganographic technique differs from each other. In
cryptography, the originalmessage is scrambled i.e.
its original structure is changed in order to make it
meaningless. Thus, whenan attacker discovers the
message it is still difficult for him to get the original
message back. Cryptographydoes not try to hide the
message. In steganography, the message is secretly
hidden inside an image oraudio/video file. Thus there
arises no suspicion to the attacker. Steganography
does not attempt to scramblethe original message.
The intention of both steganography & cryptography
is to protect the originalmessage from the attacker.
Both are excellent means, but when used alone can
be broken. As a result,several experts have suggested
the idea of using both the techniques in order to
provide additional layer ofsecurity. Cryptographic
technique encrypts the original message. This
encrypted
message
is
then
hiddenusing
steganographic technique. Now, even if attacker
defeats the steganographic technique, he stillrequires
cryptographic decoding key to decipher the encrypted
message.
[B] Modules Required
1. Encryption Module
In Encryption module, it consists of Key file part,
where key file can be specified with the password as
aspecial security in it. Then the user can type the data
or else can upload the data also though the
browsebutton, when it is clicked the open file dialog
box is opened and where the user can select the secret
message. Then the user can select the image or video
file through another open file dialog box which
isopened when the cover file button is clicked. Where
the user can select the cover file and then the
Hidebutton is clicked so that the secret data or
message is hidden in cover file using Forbidden Zone
Datahiding technique.
Start
2. Decryption Module
This module is the opposite as such as Encryption
module where the Key file should be also specified
same as that of encryption part. Then the user should
select the encrypted cover file and then shouldselect
the extract button so that the hidden message is
displayed in the text area specified in theapplication
or else it is extracted to the place where the user
specifies it.
3. Data Extraction:
This module describes about the data
extraction, it extracts the data from the secret image
and results in original data. It takes the secret image
as input and results in original message by giving the
secret key. This module process is backward process
of above modules. The data extraction process is
discussed as follows.
Select file as input
Secret image
Select cover file
Secret key
Fig 2: Data extraction process
V ENCRYPTION
FRAMEWORK
Select destination
path
Enter password
Encrypt data
embedded video
Select embedded
video file
Decrypt data
embedded video
Stop
Fig1: Encryption and decryption process
Original data
AND
DECRYPTION
In the embedding step, host signal is mapped to a
marked signal depending on the data to be hidden.
System parameters denote the required parameters
specific to the utilized data hiding method. The same
parameters should also be available to the decoder.
The optional cryptographic key is required for
security applications. The channel refers to the
modifications made on the marked signal before the
receiver.The decoder operates on the received signal
and extracts the hidden data. The existence of the
host signal at the decoder is optional.
Host Signal: The medium into which the data will
be hidden. It can be any suitable type such as
image, audio, video, or even text. The main
requirement on the host signal is that it should
have some sort of redundancy that can be used
to hide data imperceptibly.
Message: The data to be hidden
Marked Signal: The medium which conveys the
hidden data. Its type is identical to the host
signal.
Embedding Function: The function that maps
the host signal to marked signal according to the
message.
Embedding Distortion: The distortion introduced
to the host signal as a result of the embedding
operation. System Parameters: Method specific
parameters required for embedding and
decoding.
Received Signal: The signal received by the
decoder, in other words attacked marked signal.
Decoding Function: The function that decodes
the hidden data from the received signal.
to compare the framework with watermarking and the
video data hiding method in. The figures 3 and
4show the host frame and marked frame respectively
VI FORBIDDEN ZONE DATA HINDING
Forbidden Zone (FZ) is defined as the host signal
range, where alteration is not allowed during data
hiding process. Forbidden Zone Data Hiding (FZDH)
simply makes use of FZ to adjust the robustnessinvisibility trade-off. The definition of FZ concept
may lead to an impression of similarity between FZ
and masking, whereas they correspond to totally
different concepts. Masking is applied to data hiding
and watermarking in a number of efforts, as in order
to incorporate perceptual analysis, so that
perceptually usable host signal samples and
permissible distortion margins are determined.
However, FZ does not involve any perceptual
analysis and adaptive coefficient selection process.
The main motivation of FZ is decreasing the
embedding distortion at a certain decoding error
level. Similar to QIM, FZ should be applied, when
the embedding distortion is within perceptually
feasible margins. This requirement is generally
satisfied as a result of the host signal power
constraint, which states that the host signal power is
significantly greater than embedding distortion. The
general and simple parametric forms of FZDH are
given in the following subsections.
FZDH involves a set partitioning to determine the
range of host signal where alteration is allowed.
FZDH employs a mapping in the AZ, for which
quantizers are not the only choice.In FZDH, initially
all regions are forbidden and one decreases these
zones according to the desired level of decoding error
with respect to a channel noise level.FZDH keeps
some of the host signal unaltered.
FZDH approaches to the data hiding problem from a
different perspective than coding techniques: there
exists uncoded portions of the host signal range. The
main motivation is to keep the host signal unaltered
for some ranges, which should be determined
according to the desired level of robustness,
embedding distortion amount and channel noise
level.
VII EXPERIMENT
Experiments are performed in three stages. In the first
stage QIM and FZDH are compared. In the second
stage observes video processing attacks and the
system’s stability in handling them. The third stage is
Fig 3:Host frame before steganography
Fig 4:Marked frame after steganography
Comparing above images it doesn’t see that change
in image after video stenography. The superiority of
image occurs hence third party will not able to
understand message is hidden behind image.
VIII CONCLUSION
Encryption software protects internet connected
computers from crackers and other online
intruders.The technology is widely used to encrypt
credit card information, bank account numbers and
other type of financial records so they can send safely
and securely across the internet.Protect much of the
intellectual content that’s marketed on the web, such
as music, Videos, articles, and software, restricting its
availability to paying customers.This system helps to
hide the information while sending the important and
confidential documents in video files; it will be
invisible for the third person.This system is helpful
for the defense and security departments sending and
receiving theconfidential matters in emergency
situations. A new technique is proposed here for data
hiding which is based on the adaptive video data
hiding method that makes use of FZDH. It is superior
to both QIMand also DC-QIM and RA codes.
Selective embedding as described in is used in this
work. The new technique of Video data hiding is
propose.It is having superiority in video. Video data
hiding framework that makes use of erasure
correction capability of RA codes and superiority of
FZDH.
We observed that FZDH is superior to QIM,
especially
for
low
embedding
distortion
levels.Typical system parameters are reported for
error-free decoding. The results indicate that the
framework can be successfully utilized in video data
hiding applications.
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