Math and Physical Sciences Reference Style
The presentation of references in Springer mathematics, computer science, and some physics
publications differs in several regards from basic Springer style. These differences include the
sequence of information, use of formatting, and use of punctuation in references to journal
articles and books, as shown in the examples listed in Table 1. The numbered citation system is
usually used in these subject areas, although a few publications use the name-date system. The
alpha-numeric system [ABC99] is tolerated, but not encouraged, in selected mathematics
publications.
Table 1. Different kinds of references and their presentation according to the math and physical
sciences reference style, used in mathematics, computer science, and some physics publications.
For the differences to this styling for other physics publications, see Sect. 10.3.4
Number Type
Example
1.
Journal article
Hamburger, C.: Quasimonotonicity, regularity and duality for
nonlinear systems of partial differential equations. Ann. Mat.
Pura. Appl. 169, 321–354 (1995)
2.
Inclusion of issue
number (optional)
Campbell, S.L., Gear, C.W.: The index of general nonlinear
DAES. Numer. Math. 72(2), 173–196 (1995)
3.
Journal issue with
issue editor
Smith, J. (ed.): Rodent genes. Mod. Genomics J. 14(6), 126–233
(1998)
4.
Journal issue with
no issue editor
Rodent genes: Mod. Genomics J. 14(6):126–233 (1998)
5.
Book chapter
Broy, M.: Software engineering – from auxiliary to key
technologies. In: Broy, M., Denert, E. (eds.) Software Pioneers,
pp. 10–13. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York (2002)
6.
Book, authored
Geddes, K.O., Czapor, S.R., Labahn, G.: Algorithms for
Computer Algebra. Kluwer, Boston (1992)
7.
Book, edited
Seymour, R.S. (ed.): Conductive Polymers. Plenum, New York
(1981)
8.
MacKay, D.M.: Visual stability and voluntary eye movements. In:
Chapter in a book in
Jung, R., MacKay, D.M. (eds.) Handbook of Sensory Physiology,
a series without
vol. 3, pp. 307–331. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York
volume titles
(1973)
9.
Smith, S.E.: Neuromuscular blocking drugs in man. In: Zaimis, E.
Chapter in a book in
(ed.) Neuromuscular Junction. Handbook of Experimental
a series with volume
Pharmacology, vol. 42, pp. 593–660. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg
titles
New York (1976)
10.
Zowghi, D., et al.: A framework for reasoning about requirements
Proceedings as a
in evolution. In: Foo N., Goebel R. (eds.) Topics in Artificial
book (in a series and
Intelligence, 4th Pacific Rim Conference on Artificial
subseries)
Intelligence, Cairns, August 1996. Lecture Notes in Computer
Number Type
Example
Science. Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, vol. 1114, pp.
157–168. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York (1996)
11.
Proceedings with an
Aaron, M.: The future of genomics. In: Williams, H. (ed.)
editor (without a
Proceedings of the Genomic Researchers, Boston, 1999
publisher)
12.
Chung, S.-T., Morris, R.L.: Isolation and characterization of
Proceedings without plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid from Streptomyces fradiae. In:
an editor (without a Abstracts of the 3rd International Symposium on the Genetics of
publisher)
Industrial Microorganisms, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 4–
9 June 1978
13.
Chung, S.-T., Morris, R.L.: Isolation and characterization of
plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid from Streptomyces fradiae. Paper
Paper presented at a
presented at the 3rd international symposium on the genetics of
conference
industrial microorganisms, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 4–
9 June 1978
14.
Patent. Name and
date of patent are
optional
15.
Dissertation, Ph.D.
J.W. Trent: Experimental acute renal failure. Dissertation,
thesis (either text is
University of California (1975)
acceptable)
16.
Institutional author
(book)
International Anatomical Nomenclature Committee: Nomina
anatomica. (Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam 1966)
17.
Non-English
publication cited in
an English
publication
Wolf, G.H., Lehman, P.-F.: Atlas der Anatomie, vol. 4/3, 4th edn.
Fischer, Berlin (1976) [NB: Use the language of the primary
document, not that of the reference for "vol" etc.!]
18.
Non-Latin alphabet
Marikhin, V.Y., Myasnikova, L.P.: Nadmolekulyarnaya struktura
publication. The
polimerov (The supramolecular structure of polymers). Khimiya,
English translation
Leningrad (1977)
is optional.
19.
In press
20.
Internet publications See Sect. 10.3.8 and Table 10.6.
L.O. Norman: Lightning rods. US Patent 4,379,752, 9 Sept 1998
Holmes, R., et al.: References. In: Jones, T.C. (ed.) Science style
manual. Sprint, London (in press)
How to reference Internet Publications
Table 2 provides an overview of different internet publications, including both unchanging
content (examples 1–3) and changeable content from usually reliable sources. For the latter, the
date of viewing is given. This information is based in part on ISO 690-2.
Table 2. Different kinds of Internet references.
Number Type
Example
Slifka MK, Whitton JL (2000) Clinical implications of
dysregulated cytokine production. J Mol Med 78:74–80. DOI
10.1007/s001090000086
1.
Article by DOI (with
page numbers)
2.
Article by DOI (before Slifka MK, Whitton JL (2000) Clinical implications of
issue publication with dysregulated cytokine production. J Mol Med (in press). DOI
page numbers)
10.1007/s001090000086
3.
Article in electronic
journal by DOI (no
paginated version)
Slifka MK, Whitton JL (2000) Clinical implications of
dysregulated cytokine production. Dig J Mol Med. DOI
10.1007/s801090000086
4.
Online document
Doe J (1999) Title of subordinate document. In: The dictionary
of substances and their effects. Royal Society of
Chemistry.Available via DIALOG.
http://www.rsc.org/dose/title of subordinate document. Cited 15
Jan 1999
5.
Online database
Healthwise Knowledgebase (1998) US Pharmacopeia,
Rockville. http://www.healthwise.org. Cited 21 Sept 1998
6.
Supplementary
material/private
homepage
Doe J (2000) Title of supplementary material.
http://www.privatehomepage.com. Cited 22 Feb 2000
7.
University site
Doe J (1999) Title of preprint. http://www.uniheidelberg.de/mydata.html. Cited 25 Dec 1999
8.
FTP site
Doe J (1999) Trivial HTTP, RFC2169. ftp://ftp.isi.edu/innotes/rfc2169.txt. Cited 12 Nov 1999
9.
Organization site
ISSN International Centre (1999) Global ISSN database.
http://www.issn.org. Cited 20 Feb 2000