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AP Psychology – Chapter Study Guide
Chapter 15: Personality
Read Pages 595-Pages 600
Q1. Describe Sigmund Freud’s early history as a psychologist and physiologist
Q2. How did Feud explain the loss of feeling in one’s hand if there is no physiological explanation?
Q3. Describe Freud’s belief that an iceberg is like unconsciousness?
Q4. How did Freud believe he could glimpse into the unconscious mind?
Q5. How did Sigmund Freud view jokes and dreams?
Q6. Describe the pleasure principle in the id
Q7. Describe the reality principle in the ego
Q8. How does the superego relate to the ego and id?
Q9. Describe Freud’s 5 psychosexual stages
Q10. Compare the Electra complex to the Oedipus complex
Q11. Describe gender identity
Q12. How would Freud describe an individual who is orally overindulged or deprived?
Q13. Provide an example of repression, regression, reaction formation, projection, rationalization, and
displacement
Q14. How do these defense mechanisms function indirectly and unconsciously?
Read Pages 601-Pages 604
Q1. Describe how the neo-Freudians accepted Freud’s basic ideas, and how they veered away from Freud in two
important ways
Q2. Describe Alfred Adler’s inferiority complex
Q3. Describe Karen Horney view of childhood anxiety and the masculine view of psychology
Q4. Describe Carl Jung’s link of the collective unconscious to spiritual concerns, myths and images
Q5. Which of Freud’s ideas were incorporated into the Psychodynamic theory?
Q6. Why are objective assessment tools, such as agree-disagree or true-false questionnaires inadequate in
evaluating personality from the unconscious perspective?
Q7. How did Henry Murray conceive the TAT as a Projective test?
Q8. Why so the Rosarch test not as good a test as an intelligence test in terms of assessment
Q9. How did Edward Ronow and his colleagues prove the quality of the Rosarch test?
ReadPg: 604-609
Q1. Describe the accolades and criticism of the Rosarch test?
Q2. How has modern evidence contradicted Freud’s theories on gender identity, parental influence, and childhood
sexuality
Q3. Describe the evidence that the human mind does not repress bad thoughts?
Q4. Describe Lewickiâ’s experimental results on nonconcious learning on anticipating patterns
Q5. Describe the 7 pieces of evidence from the text that the modern researchers view compared to Sigmund
Freud’s view of the unconscious
Q6. Based on the terror management theory, how would people act facing a threatening world?
Q7. How do researchers compare the false consensus effect, to projection?
Q8. What do critics find do be most serious with Freud’s problems?
Q9. Which o Freud’s ideas are still considered to be enduring?
Read Pages 609-Pages 612
Q1. How did Abraham Maslow develop his idea for self-actualization?
Q2. What did Abraham Lincoln, Thomas Jefferson, and Eleanor Roosevelt share as common characteristics that
allowed them to achieve self-actualization?
Q3. What did Maslow’s work with college students lead him to speculate about self-actualization?
Q4. Carl Rogers believed that a growth-promoting climate required which three conditions?
Q5. Rogers believed that these three conditions could be nurtured in which relationships between
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AP Psychology – Chapter Study Guide
people?
Q6. How would a self-concept be regarded as positive?
Q7. What is the changed item on the MMPI that humanistic psychologists can take satisfaction in?
Q8. What are the criticisms of humanistic psychology?
Q9. Why did critics object to the statement made by Carl Rogers “Am I living in a way which is deeply satisfying to
me, and which truly expresses me?”
Q10. How does humanistic psychology fail to appreciate the reality of our human capacity for evil?
Read Pg 613-Pages 615
Q1. How did Gordon Allport come to define personality?
Q2. Describe the Myers-Briggs Type indicator
Q3. What does the National Research Council note bout the Myers-Briggs personality test despite its popularity?
Q4. How did British psychologists Hans Eysenck and Sybil Eysenk believe that we can reduce many of our normal
individual variations to two or three dimensions
Q5. Describe the brain-activity scans of extraverts
Q6. How did Jerome Kagen exemplify temperament?
Q7. Do animals have personalities, and provide examples from the text?
Read Pages 615- Pages 622
Q1. Based on the reading passage on Pages 616-pg.617, could we discern people’s traits from the alignments of
the stars and planets at the time of our birth? From their handwriting, from lines on their palms?
Q2. Describe the attributes of the most extensively researched personality inventory is the Minnesota Multi-phasic
Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Q3. Describe the criticisms of the MMPI
Q4. List the five traits dimensions of the big five personality factors
Q5. Describe the 4 research questions referring to the big 5 personality factors
Q6. Explain the person-situation controversy
Q7. Why does inconsistency in behavior make personality test scores weak predictors of behaviors?
Q8. Provide evidence discussing personality stability with age
Q9. Describe the three studies reported by Sammuel Gossling and his colleague demonstrating how our traits are
socially significant
Q10. Describe the studies of Nalini Ambady and Robert Rosenthal in video taping 13 Harvard University graduate
students teaching undergraduate courses
Q11. Describe the study regarding physician malpractice suits
Q12. What were the conclusions derived from Bella DePaulo and her colleagues concerning people’s voluntary
controls over their expressiveness
Q13. Based on the experiments conducted by Maurice Levesque and David Kenny, and Peter Brorkena and his
coworkers, could we size up how outgoing someone within seconds and why?
Q14. Do personality traits stay stable across different situations, and provide an example of why you might agree
or disagree?
Rd Pages 622- Pages 631
Q1. Describe the beliefs of social-cognitive theorists
Q2. Describe the three specific ways in which individuals and the environment interact
Q3. What is the pervasive theme in psychology and in the book?
Q4. Describe the two ways psychologists study the effect of personal control
Q5. Describe the differences between individuals who have internal locus of control vs. individuals who display
external loss of control
Q6. How do Roy Baummiester and Julia Exline describe self control
Q7. How does Martin Seligman demonstrate learned helplessness in dogs?
Q8. Describe the famous study of nursing home patients
Q9. Does increasing choice breed happier lives, and how does it explain tyranny of choice?
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AP Psychology – Chapter Study Guide
Q10. Dhow did Seligman and Schulman explain optimism versus pessimism in professional achievement
Q11. How does excessive optimism blind us to real risks
Q12. Describe the ”ignorance of one’s own incompetence” phenomenon
Q13. How do military and educational organizations assess behavior in situations, and describe the benefits
Q14. What are the criticisms of the social-cognitive perspective?\
Read Pages 631 Pages 636
Q1. How does Hazel Markus and her colleagues describe the concept of the possible selves?
Q2. How does the spotlight effect attribute of people’s fear of public speaking?
Q3. Describe the self-reference phenomenon?
Q4. Describe some correlations between self-esteem and personal problems?
Q5. Describe the results of the experiments that reveal an effect of low self-esteem
Q6. How do members of stigmatized groups that have faced discrimination and lower status, maintain selfesteem?
Q7. Describe the numerous findings in the text regarding our self-serving bias
Q8. Describe Bushman’s and Baumeister’s experiment with the dark-side of self-esteem
Q9. Describe defensive self-esteem and secure self-esteem