Chapter 3 Section 3, 4, 5 Study Guide
Section 3: Photosynthesis
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Photosynthesis: the process by which a cell captures energy in sunlight and uses it to make food
o Photosynthesis is performed by plants/autotrophs
o Photosynthesis occurs in the leaves
o Photosynthesis provides food for the plant
Two stages of photosynthesis
o Capturing the sun’s energy
 Chloroplasts capture this energy
 Pigment: colored chemical compound that absorb the light
 Chlorophyll: main photosynthetic pigment in chloroplasts
o Producing sugars
 Plant uses it for food
 Some sugar is made into other compounds (cellulose)
 Some sugar is stored
Be able to write the photosynthesis equation:
Section 4: Respiration
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Respiration: cells break down simple food molecules such as sugar/glucose and release the
energy they contain
o Raw materials: glucose, sugar
o Products: energy, carbon dioxide, and water
Stage 1 of Respiration:
o Takes place in cytoplasm, molecules of glucose are broken down
o No oxygen is involved, only small amount of energy is released
Stage 2 of Respiration
o Takes place in mitochondria
o Oxygen is required
Fermentation
o An energy releasing process that does not require oxygen
o Alcoholic Fermentation
 The cause of alcoholic fermentation is yeast
o Lactic-Acid Fermentation
 Muscles use up oxygen faster than it can be replaced
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Be able to write the respiration equation:
Photosynthesis and Respiration
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How are they similar?
o Opposite equations
Keeps levels of carbon dioxide and oxygen fairly constant
Section 5: Cell Division
Term
Cell Cycle
Three Main Stages of the Cell Cycle
Interphase
Replication
Mitosis
Prophase
Chromatids
Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis in Animal Cells
DNA Molecule
During DNA Replication
Definition
The regular sequence of growth and division that
cells undergo
(1) Interphase, (2) Mitosis, (3) Cytokinesis
Cell grows full size, replication occurs, cell prepares
to divide
Process by which a cell makes an exact copy of its
DNA, the cell’s DNA is copied
The cell’s nucleus divides into two new nuclei
Threadlike chromatin in the nucleus condenses to
form double-rod structure called chromosomes
Identical rod/strand in a chromosome
Final stage of the cell cycle, cytoplasm divides
Cell membrane squeezes together to form two new
daughter cells
Looks like a twister ladder, or spiral staircase
ADENINE always pairs with THYMINE
GUANINE always pairs with CYTOSINE
THE CELL CYCLE PROCESS IN ORDER:
Be able to list in order using the diagrams.
pg. 98-99 in textbook
1. Interphase
2. Mitosis
a. Prophase
b. Metaphase
c. Anaphase
d. Telophase
3. Cytokinesis
The structure below is a CHROMOSOME: Be able to identify and explain each structure.