Topics: Meiosis, Genetics, DNA & RNA (Replication, Transcription, Translation, Mutations), Biotechnology
Name _____________________________
Marking Period 3 Quarterly Assessment Review
Meiosis
1. Complete the following chart.
Mitosis
Meiosis
Purpose
# of divisions
# of cells made
Type of cell
made
Unique or
identical cells?
Haploid or
diploid? Give an
example.
2. Label the stages of Meiosis below. Be sure to review what happens in each stage.
___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________
Chromosomes condense;
homologous chromosomes pair
up (crossing over); nuclear
membrane disappears
Homologous chromosomes
(pairs) are lined up in MIDDLE
of the cell
Homologous chromosomes are
pulled APART
___________________
___________________
___________________
Nuclear
membrane breaks
down; spindles
form again
Spindle fibers
line
chromosomes
up in the
MIDDLE of
the cell
Sister
chromatids
are pulled
APART to
opposite
sides of
the cell
3. Explain the purpose of crossing over, which is unique to meiosis.
Nuclear membranes form; cytoplasm
splits
___________________
Nuclear
membranes
reform around
chromosomes;
spindles
disappear;
cytoplasm
splits
Genetics
1. Place the word from the word bank with the correct definition:
Allele
Homozygous
Term
Codominance
Dominant
Incomplete Dominance
Gene
Polygenic
Heterozygous
Recessive
Definition
One dominant allele and one recessive allele are present
Trait that will only show if no other allele is present
Trait controlled by more than one pair of genes (ex: skin color, eye color, height)
One form of a gene that controls a trait
Both versions of a trait blend to form a new third phenotype (ex: red, white, pink)
Set of instructions in the DNA of an organism
Trait that will always show if present (even just one copy)
Both versions of a trait show if present (ex: color “roan” in cattle, blood type AB)
Two of the same alleles for a trait (ex: BB or bb)
2. Yellow peas (Y) are dominant over green peas (y). If 25% of the offspring produced by a cross between
pea plants have seeds that are green (y) in appearance, what were the genotypes of the parents? Use a
Punnett Square to support your answer.
3. Abigail receives an allele for left-handedness from her mother and an allele for right-handedness from
her father. If being right-handed is dominant over being left-handed, what can you determine about
which hand Abigail writes with? Explain.
4. Is it possible for a man with type A blood and a woman with type B blood to have a child with type O
blood? Explain and use a Punnett Square to support your answer.
5. Explain why males are more likely to be affected by a recessive trait located on the X chromosome
(example: colorblindness) than females.
Name _____________________________
Marking Period 3 Quarterly Assessment Review (continued)
DNA & RNA
1. There are four bases in DNA. What are they and how do they pair together?
2. There are four bases in RNA. What are they and how do they pair together?
3. Complete the chart below.
Identify
Process 
_____________________
_____________________
*Pic
ture
is
side
way
s
Picture of
Process
Purpose of
Process
Location of
Process
4. How does DNA determine traits of an organism?
_____________________
Mutations
1. What is a mutation?
2. Mutagens are substances known to cause mutations. Give some examples of mutagens.
3. Examine the original chromosome below. Compare each mutation to the original chromosome, identify
the mutation, and explain the mutation. (Choices: Deletion, Insertion, Inversion, Translocation)
Original:
a. Mutation 1:
i. Identify _________________________
ii. Explain:
b. Mutation 2:
i. Identify _________________________
ii. Explain:
c. Mutation 3:
i. Identify _________________________
ii. Explain:
d. Mutation 4:
i. Identify _________________________
ii. Explain:
Biotechnology
1. Bacteria are commonly used in genetic engineering. Explain how they can be used in this process.
2. Genetically engineered/modified crops are becoming more and more common. List some pros and
cons of GM crops.
3. Bacteria can be used to produce human proteins. One example of this that we discussed in class was
when scientists genetically engineered bacteria to be able to produce human insulin to treat diabetes so
that people would not have to use insulin from other animals any longer. Explain why this is beneficial.