8-3 PASS STUDY GUIDE ANSWER KEY
8-3.1 Compare and contrast the difference between
the 2 types of crust.
Continental Crust
Oceanic Crust





LESS DENSE
CRUST
LOCATED ON OR
UNDER LAND
OLDEST CRUST
CONTAINS
GRANITE ROCK



MOST DENSE
CRUST
LOCATED
UNDER WATER
YOUNGEST
CRUST BECAUSE
IT’S BEING
RECYCLED
SINKS DURING A
SUBDUCTION
ZOINE BECAUSE
IT’S THE MOST
DENSE CRUST
8-3.6 The ___THEORY OF PLATE TECTONICS___
explains why and how large sections of Earth’s crust,
called lithospheric plates, move.
A hypothesis of continental drift was developed before
the present theory of plate tectonics. It was based on
what 4 things? CONTINENTAL SHAPE, FOSSIL
EVIDENCE, ROCK, AND CLIMATE CLUES
8-3.6: Complete the chart of the boundaries below.
Divergent Convergent Transform
Movement DIVIDES COLLIDES
SLIDES
OR
PUSH
of plates
OR
PASS
SPREAD TOGETHER EACH
APART
OTHER
Illustration
of Plate
Movement
Stress or
Force
TENSION
Fault
NORMAL REVERSE
What form RIFTS
8-3.6
At one time in geologic history the continents were
joined together in one large landmass
that was called ___PANGEA________.
Evidence of these landmass collisions and splits comes
from what 5 things? FOSSILS, LANDFORM OR
CONTINENAL SHAPE, FEATURES, ROCK STRUCTURES,
AND CLIMATIC CHANGES
RIDGES
NEW
CRUST
VOLCANIC
ACTIVITY
COMPRESSION
TRENCHES
(OO)
MOUNTAINS
(CC)
SUBDUCTION
ZONE (CO & OO)
VOLCANIC
ACTIVITY
SHEARING
STRIKESLIP
EARTHQUAKE
FAULTS
8-3.8 Earthquakes
8.3.7 Label the following on the volcano.
__EPICENTER__: is located right above the focus and has
the greatest amount of energy
___FOCUS___ releases the energy.
__FAULT____________________: a break in the Earth’s
Crust (is where an earthquake takes place)
____SEISMIC WAV________: is the energy that is being
sent out or released from the focus.
A. FOCUS
B. EPICENTER
C. FAULT
1.
How can a volcano be constructive and how can it
be destructive? DESTRUCTIVE: EXPLOSIVE
ERUPTIONS AND CHANGING THE LANDSCAPE
CONSTRUCTIVE: NEW LAND AND FROM
ISLANDS
2. What is the difference between magma and lava?
MAGMA: FOUND INSIDE THE VOLCANO
LAVA: MAGMA ON THE OUTSIDE OF THE
VOLCANO
3. Where are most of the active volcanoes and
earthquakes found? PACIFIC RING OF FIRE
4. Which volcano would probably be more active?
Younger or older: YOUNGER
5. Hawaii formed on top of a ___HOTSPOT_____.
8-3.8
This process is called ___TRIANGULATION________ and
it is used to find the _____EPICENTER__________ where
the circles ___MEET OR INTERSECT______________.
8-3.9
Forces or stresses (for example, tension and compression)
on rocks in the lithosphere can cause them to bend and
stretch. This bending and stretching can produce mountain
ranges. If pressure is applied slowly, FOLDED
MOUNTAINS___ form.
_FAULTS__ are places in Earth where the rocks break.
If normal faults uplift a block of rock, a FAULT-BLOCK
MOUNTAINS_______ forms.
8-3.3 The energy spreads outward in all directions as
vibrations called _SEISMIC WAVES__________.
8-3.2 Complete the following chart below on the
Seismic Waves:
Primary
Secondary Surface
Wave
Wave
Wave
P-WAVE
S-WAVE
SURFACE
Abbreviation/
ST
ND
1
2
LAST
Position
FASTEST
Movement/
Description
PUSH AND
PULL/MOVES
BACK AND
FORTH
MOTIN IN
THE
DIRECTION
OF THE
WAVE
Seismic waves can be measured and recorded by the
instrument called _SEISMOGRAPHS____
.
The vibration record, called a _SEISMOGRAM________,
looks like jagged lines on paper.
Find the S-P Interval (Show steps)
SLOWEST
MOVE AT
RIGHT
ANGLES TO
PRIMARY
WAVES
CAUSING
ROCKS TO
MOVE UP
AND DOWN
MOVE
BOTH
BACK
AND
FORTH
AND UP
AND
DOWN
Illustration
P= 0
S= 42
S-P/ 44-0 =44
S-P INTERVAL: 44
8-3.9
Travels
through
TRAVELS
THROUH
SOLIDS AND
LIQUIDS
INSIDE THE
EARTH
ONLY
MOVES
THROUGH
SOLIDS
INSIDE THE
EARTH
Answer the Following Questions about this
Aerial Map.
SOLIDS
ANND
LIQUIDS
ON THE
SURFACE
Scientists use the principle that the __SPEED ____and
_DIRECTION______ of a seismic wave Depends on the
material it travels through.
How does scientist know or study the Earth’s Core?
Because of the behavior of these different waves,
scientists have indirect evidence for the solid inner core
and liquid outer core of Earth because S waves don’t
travel through the __OUTER CORE_____ because it’s a
liquid.
These maps are made using _PICTURES_____.
Dark Areas are usually _WATER___________.
Circles and dots are usually ____________________.
Squares are usually ___HOUSES_____________.
8-3.4: Complete the chart of the Types of Rock.
Igneous Rock
Found
Description Processes
AROUND
VOLCANOES
FORM FROM
MAGMA AND
LAVA
SOME HAVE
HOLES IN THEM
MELTING
COOLING
CRYSTALIZATION
GRANITE &
BASALT
Sedimentary
Rock
NEAR
BODIES OF
WATER
OR
WHERE
WATER
USE TO BE
Metamorphic BENEATH
THE
Rock
EARTH’S
SURFACE
NORMALLY
CONTAINS
FOSSILS
8-3.9 Topographic Maps:
What are the lines called and what do the lines mean
on this map? CONTOUR LINES AND THEY REPRESENT
THE ELEVATION OF LAND.
LINES CLOSE TOGETHER: STEEP SLOPE
LINES FARTHER AWAY: GENTLE SLOPE
COMPACTION
AND
CEMENTATION
OFTEN FORMS
LAYERS/ DEALS
WITH THE LAW
OF
SUPERPOSITION
FORMS WHEN
ROCKS CHANGE
INTO DIFFERENT
KINDS OF ROCKS
HEAT AND
PRESSURE
FOLIATED:
LAYERS OR
BANDS
NON-FOLIATED:
DOES NOT
CONTAIN LAYERS
What is the contour interval of this map? 10
8-3.4 : Complete the chart describing the
differences between an Intrusive and Extrusive
Igneous rock.
Intrusive Igneous
Extrusive Igneous
COOLS SLOWLY
COOLS RAPIDLY
FOUND INSIDE THE
VOLCANO
FOUND OUTSIDE THE
VOLCANO
FORMS FROM MAGMA
FORMS FROM LAVA
FORMS LARGE
CRYSTALS
FORMS NO OR SMALL
CRYSTALS
___________________________________________________________
8-3.5:
__PHYSICAL____ properties; for example, hardness, luster,
color, texture, the way a mineral splits, or density
__CHEMICAL___ properties; for example, the ability to
burn, the reactivity to acids
All Rocks are made up of _MINERALS______.

_ORES___ are minerals that are mined because they
contain useful metals or nonmetals.
 __FOSSIL FUELS__ are organic matter that come from
the remains of living things such as dead plants and
animals, plankton, and shells; fuels give off energy
when they are __BURN______.
 Name the 3 types of fossil fuels.
COAL, NATURAL GAS, AND PETROLEUM OIL
* People uses fossil fuels to ___BURN_____ energy.
8-3.4 : The Rock Cycle
1. All rocks go through what process?
___WEATHERING AND EROSION_____________________
2. All rocks can be broken down into
__SEDIMENTS________________________
3. The _ROCK CYCLE____________ is an ongoing process
which can change rocks from one kind to another.
8-3.5 Complete the Chart
Renewable Resources Nonrenewable Resources
ENERGY RESOURCES
ENERGY RESOURCES
THAT CAN BE
THAT CAN NOT BE
RENEWED OR
RENEWED OR
REPLACED
REPLACED
WIND
WATER
SUNLIGHT
LIVING ORGANISMS
TREES
FOSSIL FUELS
COAL
PETROLEUM OIL
NATURAL GAS