Sort 1 Prefixes (in-, un-, dis-, mis-)
Base word is changed to negative or opposite meaning.
In- = not un- = not dis- = not/opposite of mis- = not/opposite of
insincere
informal
infrequent
inhuman
Inexpensive
Insane
uneasy
unaware
unknown
undress
unfasten
untidy
dishonest
disbelief
disorder
disconnect
disease
disrespect
discourage
misspell
misfortune
mistake
misleading
mischief
not expressing true feelings
not bound by a set form or rule; relaxed, casual, or
friendly
not coming or happening often; not common; rare
not human in nature or form
not expensive; costing little money
suffering from or characteristic of someone suffering
from insanity
troubled; worried
not aware; ignorant
not known or not recognized
to take off the clothes of
to undo the fastenings of; unlatch; detach
not orderly or neat; messy; careless
not honest, as a person who lies, steals or cheats
a conviction that something is untrue
a condition of untidiness or confusion
to break or undo the connection of or between
a sickness or illness, usually of a particular kind
a lack of proper respect or courtesy
to cause to lose courage or confidence
to spell incorrectly
ill fortune; bad luck
an error or blunder
tending to mislead or deceive
thoughtless conduct that may cause harm
Sort 2 Prefixes (pre-, fore-, post-, after-)
Pre-, fore- = before
prepare
predict
preface
prehistoric
precede
prefix
preseason
preposition
prewar
foretell
foreman
foreword
forefathers
foresight
forethought
postpone
postwar
postseason
postdate
posttest
afternoon
afterward
afterthought
aftertaste
post-, after- = after
to make ready, fit or qualified
to state beforehand; foretell
a brief introduction, as to a book or speech
of or belonging to the period before the start of written
history
to be, go, or come before, as in order, place, rank, or
time
a syllable or syllables put at the beginning of a word or
root to modify its meaning or make a new word
a word that is used to indicate the relation of its object, a
noun or pronoun, to another word in a sentence
existing or happening before a war
to tell about in advance; predict
a worker in charge of a group of workers
an introduction to a book; preface
an ancestor
the act or power of foreseeing or looking ahead
careful planning or attention ahead of time; thought in
advance
to put off to a future time; delay
after a war
after the season.
to write a date on that is later than the actual date
after the test.
the part of the day between noon and sunset
at a later time
a thought that comes after rather than before an action
or decision and is thus to late to be useful
a taste that lingers in the mouth after the substance
causing it has been swallowed
Sort 3 Prefixes (re-, ex-, in-, de-)
Some words do not have a base that stands alone.
re- = again/back in- = into/inside ex- = out of/beyond
de- = take away
replay
reappear
reclaim
reconsider
reruns
research
reaction
inflate
interior
inhabit
inmate
install
inhale
exhale
exile
explore
excess
exhaust
exterior
deflate
defrost
deprive
decrease
delete
to play over
to appear again
to bring into condition to support cultivation or life, as by
draining or irrigating
to consider or think about again, especially with the idea
of changing one’s mind.
to run again
careful, patient investigation and study
an action in response to something, as a happening or
stimulus
to swell or puff out by filling with air or gas
inside part
to live in as a place of residence; occupy
a person confined in a prison
to fix in position and adjust for service or use
to draw into the lungs; breathe
to breathe out
to send (someone) away from his or her native land and
forbid a return; banish
to travel in or through in order to learn or discover
something
an amount or degree of something over what is needed,
wanted, used or something over what is needed,
wanted, used or proper
to make extremely tired
the outside
to let the air or gas out of
to remove ice or frost from, as a refrigerator
to take away from
to make or become less
to remove or mark out (something written or printed)
Sort 4 Prefixes (sub-, com-, pro- en-)
sub- = below/under com- = below/under OR with/together
en- = causing something to happen
pro- for/forward/in favor of OR to move forward
subway
subset
submarine
subtotal
subtitle
submerge
combine
company
companion
compound
compress
comrade
propel
propose
protect
provider
promote
progress
enable
encourage
entrust
endanger
enforce
enlarge
an electric railroad that is mainly underground
a set whose members are all included in another set
existing, done, or operating beneath the surface of the
sea
the total of a series of numbers that forms part of a
larger series
a subordinate or explanatory title
to put or go into or under water or another liquid
to bring together; unite; join
a group of people
a person who goes with another person; comrade;
associate
a combination or mixture of two or more ingredients or
parts
to press together; condense; squeeze
a close companion or friend
to cause to move forward or ahead
to put forward for acceptance or consideration
to shield or defend from attack, harm, or injury; guard
to make ready beforehand; prepare
to contribute to the progress, development, or growth of;
work for
a moving forward in space
to give the means, ability, or opportunity to; make able
to give courage or hope to; inspire with confidence or the
wish to do well
to give or turn over, as for care or safekeeping
to expose to danger
to require to be obeyed
to make or become larger; expand
Sort 5 Suffixes (-y, -ly, -ily)
Suffixes are added to the end of base words. Usually when you
+ -y = adjective
+ -ly OR –ily = adverb
Some with a vowel before the consonant will double the final
consonant like… skin –skinny
Some change the final y to i before adding ly like… ready –
readily
Some with a consonant before the final e will keep the e when
adding –ly like… brave -bravely
scratchy
squirmy
velvety
squeaky
wealthy
skinny
swampy
shaggy
silvery
spotty
silently
secretly
rapidly
fluently
eagerly
generously
seriously
politely
briefly
bravely
merrily
greedily
hastily
readily
that scratches or irritates
to bend and twist the body
soft and smooth to the touch, like velvet
a thin, sharp, shrill sound.
having wealth; rich
very thin; lean
an area of low, wet land
having rough hair or wool
like silver, as in color or luster
having many spots
not having or making any noise
kept from the view or knowledge of all but the persons
concerned
very quick, swift, or fast
able o speak or write with smoothness or ease
impatiently anxious
quick to give or share; unselfish
grave; solemn; thoughtful
showing consideration for others; mannerly
not long; short
having or showing courage; not afraid
laughter, fun
wanting selfishly to get more, especially more money
quick a hasty retreat
prepared for immediate use or action
Sort 6 Comparative Suffixes (-er, -est, -ier, -iest)
Words comparing 2 things = -er -ier
Words comparing 3 or more things = -est -iest
If the word ends in y change it to an I before adding er or est
kinder
kindest
stranger
strangest
cleaner
cleanest
quieter
quietest
harsher
harshest
earlier
earliest
emptier
emptiest
trickier
trickiest
fancier
fanciest
crummier
crummiest
murkier
murkiest
shinier
shiniest
willing to help; gentle; friendly
not seen or heard of before; not familiar
free from dirt or stain
having or making little or no noise
grating, rough, or unpleasant to the senses
coming or happening near the beginning
containing or holding nothing
likely to use or involve tricks
showy or elaborate
crumbling easily
dark, gloomy, or obscure
shinning in appearance; bright; gleaming
Sort 7 Noun Suffixes (-er, -or, -ian, -ist)
Look at base word and notice how the meaning changes when a
suffix is added.
speaker
traveler
prisoner
defender
believer
attacker
admirer
creator
visitor
decorator
director
inventor
survivor
guardian
Asian
historian
Australian
librarian
civilian
artist
finalist
terrorist
specialist
vocalist
a person who speaks
a person making a journey or tour
a person who is held in a prison
a person who fights.
a person who has religious faith
a person or thing that attacks others.
to regard or look upon with wonder, pleasure, and
approval.
to cause to come into existence; originate; create
a person who visits
a person who decorates, especially an interior decorator
a person who directs, as one in charge of the production
of a play or movie
a person who invents
a person or thing that survives
a person who guards or watches over; protector
a person from Asia
a writer of or authority on history
a person from Australia
a person in charge of a library
a person who is not in active military service
a person who is skilled in any of the fine arts, as painting
or sculpture
a contestant who has reached the finals of a contest
a person or thing that causes fear
a person who specializes, especially a doctor who
concentrates on one branch of medicine
a singer
Sort 8 Suffixes (-ment, -less, -ness)
-ment = act of doing
and changes verbs into nouns
-less = without
and creates adjectives
-ness = state of being and changes adjectives to nouns
-lessness = changes it back to a noun
payment
replacement
employment
punishment
agreement
amusement
government
breathless
hopeless
thoughtless
priceless
flawless
tactless
fruitless
laziness
blindness
dizziness
politeness
friendliness
emptiness
saltiness
powerlessness
fearlessness
the act of paying
the act of replacing
a person’s job or occupation
the act of punishing
a sameness or harmony of opinion
the state of being amused
control or administration of the affairs of a nation, state,
city
out of breath; panting
without hope
without thought
worth more than any price; invaluable
having no defects or blemishes; perfect
having or showing no tact
yielding no fruit
unwilling to work or to keep busy
unable to see
to make dizzy
showing consideration for others
of or typical of a friend
containing or holding nothing
tasting of or containing salt
without power
without fear
Sort 9 Suffixes (-ary, -ery, -ory)
Signal nouns or adjectives. There is not always a base word.
Listen to the different sounds the suffixes make.
imaginary
secretary
library
military
ordinary
necessary
February
January
stationary
bravery
machinery
mystery
scenery
delivery
grocery
category
lavatory
inventory
dormitory
directory
victory
history
stationery
century
existing only in the imagination; unreal
a person whose duties involve writing letters and
keeping records for a person, company, or other group.
a collection of books, magazines, newspapers, and
other materials
of or having to do with the army, the armed forces, or
warfare
of common or everyday occurrence; usual
not to be done without; essential
Second month of the year
First month of the year
remaining in one space
valor; courage; fearlessness
a collection of machines
something that is not known, understood, or explained
the visible natural features of an outdoor area
the action of handing over or distributing
a store selling food and other household goods
a division, class, or group in any system of classification
a room with a basin or sink for washing and usually with
a toiliet
a complete list and valuation of goods
a building as at a school or college that has many rooms
for sleeping
an alphabetical list of names and addresses
the overcoming of an enemy, opponent or difficult;
triumph
past events or a record of them
materials used in writing, especially paper and
envelopes
a period of 100 years
Sort 10 Suffixes (-ty, -ity)
Change adjectives to nouns
-ty, -ity = a condition or quality
Notice how the suffixes sound different.
safe
safety
special
specialty
novel
novelty
royal
royalty
casual
casualty
certain
certainty
active
activity
festive
festivity
tranquil
tranquility
humid
humidity
minor
minority
sensitive
sensitivity
free or freed from danger or evil
freedom from danger, risk or injury
of a particular kind; out of the ordinary
something special as a study or occupation
new, strange, or unusual
something new or different
of or for a king or queen
a royal person
happening by chance
a serious accident
completely sure, confident, or convinced
the condition or fact of being certain
showing action; busy
the state of being active; action; movement
of, having to do with, or suitable for a joyous celebration
gladness and rejoicing typical of a joyous occasion
calm; serene
calmness; serenity
containing water vapor; damp; moist
moisture; dampness, especially of the air
smaller; lesser
the smaller in number of two parts or parties
capable of feeling reacting or appreciation quickly or
easily
the condition of being sensitive
Sort 11 Suffixes (-al, -ial, -ic)
Often are adjectives from nouns OR nouns from verbs
-al, -ial, -ic = associated with/relating to
fictional
comical
accidental
arrival
logical
betrayal
musical
global
coastal
burial
territorial
industrial
tutorial
immemorial
editorial
magnetic
poetic
Islamic
alphabetic
heroic
patriotic
rhythmic
angelic
dramatic
of, constituting, of or used in fiction
causing laughter; funny
occurring unexpectedly and without plan; chance
the act of arriving
of or based on logic
the act of betraying
of, related to, or used to make music
of or having to do with the whole world or a large part of
it
of, on, or near a coast
the burying of a dead body
of or having to do with a territory or territories
of, engaged in, or having to do with industry
to give or receive private instruction.
reaching back beyond everybody’s memory; very old
of or having to do with an editor or editing
capable of being attracted by a magnet
of, like, relating to or suitable for poetry or poets
Muslim
alphabetical
of, like, or proper for a hero or heroine
having or showing love, loyalty, and devotion towards
one’s country
rhythmical
of or having to do with angels
of or having to do with plays or with theater
Sort 12 Adjective Suffixes (-ful, -ous, -ious)
-ful, -ous, -ious = full of/having the qualities of
Base words are usually nouns that change to adjectives when
the suffix is added.
delightful
successful
wasteful
stressful
wonderful
shameful
boastful
cheerful
beautiful
dangerous
humorous
mountainous
poisonous
vigorous
famous
scandalous
nervous
marvelous
envious
studious
glorious
rebellious
furious
outrageous
giving joy or pleasure
reaching a favorable or desired outcome; achieving
good results
tending to waste things, as food, money, or materials
causing stress.
causing wonder or awe
deserving or bringing shame
given to boasting or bragging
happy; joyous
giving pleasure or delight to the senses or the mind
full of danger or risk; unsafe
full of or using humor; funny; amusing
full of mountains
being, containing, or having the effect of a poison
full of vigor; robust; energetic
very well known and often mentioned or praised;
celebrated
causing scandal; disgraceful; shocking
showing unusual or abnormal restlessness, anxiety, or
tension
causing astonishment and wonder; amazing
full of envy
devoted to studying
full of or deserving glory
taking part in a rebellion
very angry
violently cruel or wrong
Sort 13 Verb Suffixes (-en, -ize, -ify)
Most often adding these suffixes create verbs.
-en, -ize, -ify = to be or to cause to be
frighten
straighten
dampen
sweeten
lengthen
forbidden
mistaken
capitalize
civilize
symbolize
idolze
visualize
energize
harmonize
memorize
summarize
apologize
classify
diversify
falsify
beautify
simplify
purify
analyze
to fill with sudden fear
to make or become straight
to make or become damp
to make or become sweet or sweeter
to make or grow longer
to refuse to allow
wrong
to begin with or write in capital letters
to bring from a primitive way of life into a state of
civilization
to be a symbol of; represent
to love or admire blindly or too much
to form a mental image of
to give energy, force or strength to; make active
to arrange or be in musical harmony
to commit to memory; learn by heart
to make a summary of; sum up
to make an apology ; ask pardon or express regret for
something
to put or divide into classes or groups
to give variety to, as by adding different things or
changing; vary
to change or give a wrong idea of so as t deceive
to make beautiful or lovelier
to make more simple, plain, or easy
to make or become pure or clean
to make an analysis of
Sort 14 Adding –ion to Base Words No Spelling Change
Base –ct + -tion
Base –ss + -sion
-ion = the act or result
collect
collection
protect
protection
subtract
subtraction
select
selection
connect
connection
construct
construction
express
expression
discuss
discussion
oppress
oppression
possess
possession
confess
confession
impress
impression
to gather; assemble
the act of collecting
to shield or defend from attack, harm, or injury
being protected
to remove or take away, as a part from a whole
the act or process of subtracting
to take in preference to another or others; choose
the act of selecting; choice
to join together; link
the act of connecting
to make by putting parts together; build
the act of constructing
to tell in words; state
the saying or putting into words of something
to talk over or consider; exchange ideas or opinions
about
argument on or consideration of a subject
to burden or keep down by unjust use of force or
authority
the act of oppression
to have as property; own
the fact or condition of possessing
to admit, concede, or acknowledge
the act of confessing; acknowledgment; admission,
especially of faults or guilt
to affect the mind or feelings of
an effect on the mind, senses, or feelings
Sort 15 Adding –ion and –ian, No Spelling Change
Base –t + ion
Base –ic + ian
-ion = a specialist/a person who does something
-ian = relating to/belonging to/resembling
invent
invention
digest
digestion
desert
desertion
suggest
suggestion
adopt
adoption
insert
insertion
distort
distortion
prevent
prevention
magic
magician
music
musician
electric
electrician
clinic
clinician
to think out or bring into being for the first time
something invented
to change (food) chemically in the stomach and
intestines into a form that can be absorbed by the body
the act or process of digesting, as food
to leave a person, place, or thing, especially if one has a
duty to stay; abandon
the action of deserting
to put forward as a proposal; propose
the act of suggesting
to take (a child) by legal means into one’s family to be
raised as one’s own child
the act of adopting
to put or place in something
the action of inserting
to twist or bend out of the normal shape
the act of distorting
to keep from happening
the act of preventing
the use of such things as formulas, charms, or rites to
gain supposed supernatural powers
a person who performs magic, especially an entertainer
specializing in magic tricks
the art of combining sounds, usually of voices or
instruments, into patterns that are organized and
expressive
a person who is skilled in music, especially a
professional composer or performer of music
consisting of or having to do with electricity
a person who designs, installs, operates, or repairs
electrical equipment or machinery
a special department of a hospital or medical school
where people can come in for medical treatment
a person who works in a clinic
Sort 16 Adding –ion, E-drop, and Spelling Change
Base ends in –te …drop e + -ion
Base ends in –de/d…drop d/de +sion
operate
operation
create
creation
decorate
decoration
illustrate
illustration
imitate
imitation
explode
explosion
erode
erosion
allude
allusion
invade
invasion
conclude
conclusion
comprehend
comprehension
expand
expansion
to work or run
the act, method, or process of operating
to cause to come into existence
the act of creating or forming
to make more fancy, pretty, or attractive by adding
ornaments or frills
the act of decorating
to explain or make clear, as by examples or
comparisons
a picture, as one in a book, used to explain or decorate
to try to act or look the same way
the act of imitating
to burst or cause to burst violently and with noise
a sudden blowing up or bursting
to wear away or gradually destroy by constant action, as
of water, wind, friction or acid
the wearing away of gradual destruction of something
to refer to something indirectly; just mention
a slight or casual mention or suggestion of something
to enter by force with the purpose of conquering
the act of invading
to end; finish
the end of something; finish; close
to understand; grasp
the act of understanding
to make or become larger
the act of expanding
Sort 17 Adding –ation, cation, and -ition
Base + ation
Base ends –e… drop the –e + ation
Base ends –y… change –y to –I + cation
+ ition
information
consideration
presentation
relaxation
temptation
transportation
expectation
organization
imagination
reservation
starvation
quotation
examination
memorization
application
identification
justification
purification
beautification
gratification
notification
addition
partition
edition
the act of informing or an informed condition
the act of thinking carefully
the act of presenting, giving, or introducing
the act of relaxing
the act of tempting
the act of transporting
a looking forward to something; anticipation
the act of organizing
the power to picture absent, unknown, or unreal things in
the mind
the act of reserving
the act of starving
something said or written by one person repeated
exactly by another person
the act of examining; careful inspection
the act of committing to memory
the act of applying
the act of identifying
the act of justifying
the act of purifying
the act of beautifying
the act of gratifying
the act of notifying or giving notice
the act or process of adding
a division or separation
the particular form in which a literary work is published
Sort 18 Consonant Alternation
Silent consonant words change word to sounded consonant
sign
signature
bomb
bombard
soften
soft
muscle
muscular
crumb
crumble
design
designate
column
columnist
hymn
hymnal
resign
resignation
hasten
haste
solemn
solemnity
moisten
moist
a symbol, object, or action that stands for something
else
the name of a person written by himself or herself
a container filled with a material that explodes or burns
violently when set off, as by a time fuse
to shell or bomb
to make or become soft or softer
not a hard or brittle
one of the bundles of fibrous tissue in the body that, by
contraction and stretching produce the body’s voluntary
and involuntary movements
of, using, or made of muscle
a tiny broken piece, as of bread or cake
to break into crumbs or tiny pieces
a plan or sketch to be used as pattern for making
something
to point out; indicate
a feature article, usually by one person, that appears
regularly in a newspaper or magazine
a person who writes a column in a newspaper or
magazine
a song of praise, especially to God
a book of church hymns
to give up (an office or position)
the act of resigning
to move or act with speed; hurry
swiftness of movement or action
majestic, impressive, and awe-inspiring
a serious or religious ceremony or service
to make or become moist
slightly wet or damp
Sort 19 Vowel Alternation: Long to Short
Notice how the word sounds different.
please
pleasant
mine
mineral
breathe
breath
revise
revision
nature
natural
cave
cavity
athlete
athletic
type
typical
crime
criminal
humane
humanity
ignite
ignition
precise
precision
to give pleasure
giving pleasure; pleasing
a large hole or deep tunnel made for removing minerals
from the earth
a natural substance that is not a plant or animal and has
a fairly definite physical and chemical makeup, as quartz
or diamond
to draw air into and let it out from the lungs; respire
air drawn into and sent out from the lungs
to read carefully so as to correct errors or make
improvements and changes
the act of revising
the overall pattern or system of objects, forces and
events in the universe
produced by or existing in nature; not artificial
a natural hollow beneath the surface of the earth, having
an opening to the outside
a hollow or sunken place; hollow
a person with skill in sports or games that take strength,
speed, or dexterity as football, tennis or running
of, for, or having to do with athletics or an athlete
a class, kind, or group of persons or things that have
one or more characteristics in common
having qualities or features common to the whole group
or class
an action that is against the law, especially a serious
wrongdoing for which one can be severely punished
a person who has committed a crime
kind, merciful, compassionate
the state or quality of being human; human nature
to set on fire; make burn
the act of igniting or of being ignited
strictly; accurate; exact
the condition or quality of being precise; accuracy
Sort 20 Vowel Alternation: Long to Short or Schwa
Think about how to spell base word.
volcano
volcanic
conspire
conspiracy
serene
serenity
divine
divinity
compose
composition
compete
competition
admire
admiration
custodian
custody
define
definition
invite
invitation
reside
resident
oppose
opposition
an opening in the earth’s crust from which hot gases,
lava, and ashes are thrown up, forming a cone shaped
hill or mountain with a central crater
of, produced by, or thrown up form a volcano
to plan with one another secretly to commit an evil or
unlawful act; plot
a secret plan of two or more persons to do an evil or
unlawful act; plot
clear; fair; calm
peacefulness; repose
of, coming from, or having to do with God or a god
the quality of being divine
to make up; form
the makeup of something
to take part in a contest
effort to get something wanted by others or to excel
others
to regard or look upon with wonder, pleasure, and
approval
a feeling of wonder, approval, and satisfaction
a guardian or keeper
care and control; guardianship
to give the exact meaning of a word or term
the act of defining
to ask someone courteously to come to a place or
perform some action
an asking of someone to come to a place or do
something
to make one’s home; live
a person who lives in a certain place, not a visitor
to act or be in opposition to; resist; flight
the act of opposing or being opposite or contrary
Sort 21 Adding Suffix –ity; Vowel Alternation, Schwa to Short
-ity = state/quality
personal
personality
hostile
hostility
mental
mentality
fatal
fatality
general
generality
brutal
brutality
local
locality
mobile
mobility
formal
formality
fertile
fertility
original
originality
individual
individuality
of or having to do with a particular person or persons
The qualities or characteristics that make one person
different from every other person
of, having to do with, or belonging to an enemy
an unfriendly feeling; dislike or hate
of or having to do with the mind
in or with the mind
causing death
a death brought about through some disaster or accident
of, for, from, or having to do with everyone or with the
whole
the conditioner quality of being general
of or like a brute; cruel
being brutal
of or having to do with a neighborhood, region, or
relatively small area
a certain place, area, region or the like
easily transported or moveable
the ability to move or be moved freely
strictly or stiffly following set rules or patterns
formal character or quality
producing or able to produce abundant crops or
vegetation
the characteristic or condition of being fertile
of or belonging to the beginning of something; earliest;
first
the ability to be new and original in what one does or
things
single
a quality or trait that makes a person or thing different
from all others
Sort 22 Vowel Alternations: Long, Short, and Schwa
How does the vowel sound in the accented syllable change?
suffice
sufficient
democrat
democracy
wise
wisdom
decide
decision
preside
president
inspire
inspiration
mandate
mandatory
narrate
narrative
metallic
metal
emphatic
emphasis
habit
habitat
excel
excellent
to be sufficient
equal to what is needed; enough; adequate
a person who believes in government by the people
a form of government in which the people rule, either by
voting directly or by electing representatives to manage
the government and make the laws
having or showing wisdom
good judgment and knowledge of what is true or right,
based on experience
to make up one’s mind; come to a decision
a making up of one’s mind
to be in authority, as over a meeting; act as chairman or
president
a person chosen to direct or control an organized body,
as a business or college
to fill with a certain thought, feeling, or desire to do
something
a good idea or impulse that comes to someone, usually
suddenly
a formal, usually written command from someone in
authority
demanded or required by custom, duty, or someone in
authority
to tell or relate, as a story
an account, story, or tale
of or having to do with metal
any of the class of usually gray or white lustrous
elements that lose electrons and become positive ions
that form bases in chemical reactions with nonmetals
spoken or done with emphasis
a stressing by the voice of a particular syllable, word, or
phrase
an act or practice done so often that it becomes almost
automatic and is difficult to stop
the place where a plant or animal normally grows or
lives
to be better than; surpass
extremely good; superior
Sort 23 Adding –ion: Vowel Alternation, Spelling Change
Some words that follow a pattern using –ion.
exclaim
exclamation
proclaim
proclamation
acclaim
acclamation
explain
explanation
reclaim
reclamation
assume
assumption
presume
presumption
consume
consumption
resume
resumption
receive
reception
perceive
perception
to cry out suddenly or speak with force, as in surprise or
anger
the act of exclaiming
to announce publicly; make known; declare
a proclaiming
to hail and declare by acclamation
a shout or some other indication of general approval or
welcome
to make plain or understandable
the act or process of explaining something
to bring (as a swamp or desert) into a condition to
support cultivation or life, as by draining or irrigating
to bring back from a bad state
to take as or as if true; suppose
the act of assuming
to take for granted; assume; suppose
speech or conduct that is too bold or arrogant
to destroy, as by burning
to eat or drink
the act of using up or destroying
to begin again after stopping
a beginning again after stopping
to get or accept something offered, given, or sent
the act or way of receiving or being received
to become aware of by means of one of the senses
the act or power of perceiving through a sense or the
senses
Sort 24 Multiple Alternations
Word families by spelling and meaning.
critic
critical
criticize
politics
political
politician
public
publicize
publicity
except
exception
exceptional
physics
physical
physicist
family
familiar
familiarity
nation
national
nationality
spirit
spiritual
spirituality
a person who judges the quality or value of books, art,
plays, opera, music, or the like
apt to find fault; disapproving
to find fault with; judge severely
the science or technique of government; political science
of, having to do with, or involved in government or
politics
a person who takes part in or is skillful at politics
of or by the people as a whole
to bring to the attention of the public; give publicity
any information intend to bring a person or thing to the
attention of the public
with the exception of; leaving out; but
a leaving out; exclusion
not ordinary; unusual
the science dealing with matter, energy, motion, and
their interrelations, including the study of mechanics,
heat, sound, light, electricity, and magnetism
of or having to do with the body
a student of or specialist in physics
a unit consisting of parents and their children
well acquainted, as through experience or study
thorough acquaintance, as with a subject
a group of people who live in a particular area, have a
distinctive way of life, and are organized under a central
government
of, belonging to, or having to do with a nation as a whole
a group of people who form a nation
the life-giving force within a living thing; especially a
person’s soul
of, like, or having to do with the soul or spirit
the state of being spiritual.
Sort 25 Greek and Latin Number Prefix (mono-, uni-, bi- tri-)
mono = one uni- = one bi- = two tri- = three
monolingual
monologue
monotonous
monopoly
monorail
monotone
uniform
universal
unilateral
unify
bilingual
biceps
bisect
binary
bimonthly
bifocals
biennial
triangle
triad
triceratops
trilogy
triathlon
tripod
trillion
a person who speaks only one language
a long speech by one person
not changing in pitch or tone
exclusive control of a product or service in a certain area
by a single person or group
a railway whose cars run on or are suspended from a
single track or rail
a succession of syllables or words uttered in a single
tone
always the same; not varying or changing
of, for, common to, or involving all
on or by one side only
to bring or come together into one; unite
written or expressed in two languages
a large muscle in the front part of the arm above the
elbow
to cut into two parts, especially of equal size
made up of or having to do with two parts or elements
occurring every second month
having one part for seeing objects close up, and one for
distant objects
occurring every second year
a plane figure have three sides and three angles
a group of three, usually closely related persons or
things
a large plant-eating dinosaur that had a horn above each
eye and one above the nose and a heavy horny plate
covering the neck
a group of three plays or sometimes three novels or
musical compositions, each complete in itself but making
with the others a related series
an endurance race made up of three long-distance
events; running, swimming, and bicycling
a three legged stand for a camera or other instrument
in the us, a thousand billion 1,000,000,000,000
Sort 26 More Number Prefixes
quadr- quar- = four
cent- = hundred
quartet
quarter
quadrangle
quadruped
quadruple
quadruplets
quintet
quintuplets
quintessence
quintessential
pentagon
octet
octagon
octave
decimal
decathlon
decade
decimate
centimeter
century
centigrade
centennial
bicentennial
percentage
quint-/pent- = five oct- = eight dec- = ten
a musical composition for four voices or instruments
one of four equal parts that make up a whole
a closed figure bounded by four straight lines
a four-footed animal
being four times as large or four times as many
one of four children produced by one mother in a single
birth
a group of five people playing music or singing together
one of five children born of the same mother at one birth
the most essential part of anything, usually in a very
pure or concentrated form
the fifth and highest element in ancient and medieval
philosophy
being most typical
of or related to quintessence
a closed figure having five straight sides and five angles
in music a composition for eight voices or instruments
a closed plane figure bounded by eight straight lines that
form eight interior angles
the shortest distance between two musical tones that
have the same name
any group or series of eight
a fraction written using base ten and place values to
show 10 or 10 multiplied by itself some number of times
as its denominator, as 0.3 (3/10)
an athletic even in which each competitor takes part in
the same prescribed ten events
a period of ten years
to destroy or kill a large part of
a measure of length, equal to 1/100 of a meter
a period of 100 years
another name for Celsius
lasting or having an age of 100 years
a 200th anniversary or its celebration
proportion in a hundred parts; rate per hundred
Sort 27 Greek and Latin Elements: Size (micro-, mega-, super-, hyper-)
micro- = small mega- = great super- = over/above
hyper- = over/beyond
microwave
microcosm
microscope
microbus
microfilm
microsurgery
microbe
megaphone
megalopolis
megabyte
megadose
megahit
supermarket
superhero
superhighway
superhuman
superstar
superego
superpower
hyperactive
an electromagnetic wave having a frequency between
about 1,000 and 30,000 megahertz
a little world
an instrument usually consisting of a combination of
lenses, used to magnify objects too small to be seen or
clearly observed by the naked eye
a small bus
film used to take tiny photographs of printed matter, as
papers, records, or books
surgery through a microscope
an organism too tiny to be seen except with a
microscope, especially one of the bacteria that cause
disease; germ
a funnel-shaped tube which one talks or yells through to
make the voice sound loud and go far
an extensive highly populated region, usually made up
of several cities and their suburbs and considered to be
a single urban unit
a unit of computer memory; one million bytes
a very large dose of medicine or vitimins
a product or event, such as a movie or concert, that is
exceedingly successful
a large grocery store in which the customers select
goods from the shelves and pay as they leave
a fictional hero having extraordinary or superhuman
powers
a divided highway for traffic moving at high speeds,
generally having four or more traffic lanes
above or beyond the human
a very popular, much publicized, and usually highly paid
star, as in the movies, television or sports
the part of a person’s mind that acts as a self-critial
conscience, reflecting social standards learned from
parents and teachers
a powerful nation that plays a dominant, competitive role
in international powers
excessively active
hyperventilate
hyperbole
hypercritical
hypersensitive
to take very rapid or deep breaths, causing dizziness
an obviously exaggerated statement made for dramatic
effect
too critical; very difficult to please
excessively sensitive
Sort 28 Greek Roots (tele, phon, photo, graph)
tele- = distant
television
telecast
telegraph
telegram
telephoto
telephone
phonics
phonograph
headphone
homophone
microphone
xylophone
symphony
photograph
photocopier
photosynthesis
photographer
photogenic
graphic
graphite
paragraph
phon- = sound
photo- = light
graph- = write
the devices and methods by which moving images,
usually with sound are changed into variations of an
electromagnetic wave that travel through space or
cables to a receiver
a program broadcast by television
a device for sending and receiving messages by means
of a series of electrical and electromagnetic pulses
a message sent by telegraph
a lens with a longer focal length than standard, giving a
narrow field of view and a magnified image
a system for sending and receiving speech by electricity
the use of simple phonetic spellings to teach reading
and pronunciation
a device that reproduces sound from the ridges and
bends in the grooves of a record
an earphone held to the ear by a band that fits over the
head
any of two or more words that are pronounced alike but
have different meanings, origins, and usually spellings
a device that converts sound waves into alternating
electric currents used for broadcasting and amplifying
sound
a musical instrument having wooden bars of different
sizes that are sounded by being struck with mallets
a piece of music written to be played by a symphony
orchestra and usually consisting of four movements
to take a picture or a picture of with a camera
a machine used to make photocopies
the process by which plants, in the presence of
chlorophyll, and using energy from the sun, form
carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water
a person who takes pictures or makes a business of
photography
having qualities that photograph well
of or having to do with written or drawn representations
a soft, black, slippery form of carbon, used as lead for
pencils
a distinct, separate part or section of something written
autograph
choreography
calligraphy
a person’s name written in that person’s own
handwriting
the planning of movements for dance performances
the art of handwriting
Sort 29 More Greek Roots (geo, therm, scope, meter, logy)
geo = earth therm = heat scope = target/see
meter = measure logy = study
geography
geology
geothermal
geode
geometry
thermal
thermometer
thermostat
thermos
telescope
periscope
stethoscope
microscope
horoscope
perimeter
barometer
millimeter
kilometer
the study of the features of the earth’s surface,
sometimes also including its peoples, natural resources,
and climates
the study of the origin, history, and structure of the earth,
especially as recorded in rocks
of, having to do with, or produced by the earth’s internal
heat
a small hollow stone whose inside wall is lined with
crystals
the branch of mathematics that studies the relations
among points, lines, angles, surfaces and solids
of, having to do with, using, or caused by heat
an instrument for measuring temperature
a device that automatically regulates temperature
a bottle for keeping liquids hot or cold by means of a
vacuum surrounding an inner container
an instrument that uses lenses, and sometimes mirrors,
to make far off objects look nearer or larger
a tube with mirrors and lenses so arranged in it that an
observer can see over an obstruction
a small, portable instrument by which doctors can hear
sounds produced in the chest, especially in the lungs
and heart
an instrument usually consisting of a combination of
lenses, used to magnify objects too small to be seen or
clearly observed by the naked eye
the position of the sun, moon, and planets in the zodiac
at a certain time used to predict a person’s future by
astrology
the outer boundary or the length of the outer boundary of
any plane figure
an instrument for measuring air pressure, used for such
purposes as forecasting weather
in the metric system, a unit a length equal to one
thousandth of a meter
in the metric system, a unit of length equal to 1,000
meters
diameter
speedometer
mythology
ecology
zoology
etymology
a line segment joining two points on a circle or sphere
and passing through its center
an instrument that shows a driver at what speed the
vehicle is traveling
a group or collection of myths, especially of a particular
people
the study of the relationships between living things and
their surroundings
the science that has to do with animals and their
classification, structure, and development
the history of a word, showing how the word developed
into its present form and meaning
Sort 30 Latin Roots (spect, port, form)
spect = to look at
port = to carry form = shape
inspection
perspective
careful or critical examination of something
the art of drawing or painting objects on a flat surface in
such a way that they appear to have depth and distance
a viewing or consideration of past times or events
a person who watches an event without taking part in it
a person who inspects, especially in an official capacity
the act of looking ahead; expectation
appearance; look
something exhibited to the public, especially something
grand and showy
amazing to behold
a person who explores a region for gold or other
valuable resources
to send to other countries for sale or trade
that can be easily carried or moved
to bring into a country from abroad
to carry or convey from one place to another
a person who reports, especially one employed by a
newspaper
a portable case for holding things, as papers and
drawings
having much significance, value, or influence
to bear the weight of; hold up or hold in place
to make similar; adapt
to spoil the shape or appearance of
the form, size, arrangement and style of a printed
publication
the act of forming
to make better, as by correcting wrongs or abuses
to change the form or appearance of
retrospect
spectator
inspector
prospect
aspect
spectacle
spectacular
prospector
export
portable
import
transport
reporter
portfolio
important
support
conform
deformed
format
formation
reform
transform
Sort 31 Latin Roots (dic, aud, vis)
dic = to say/speak aud = to hear vis = to see
dictate
contradict
unpredictable
dictator
edict
dictionary
prediction
audible
auditorium
audition
audience
audiotape
auditory
audiovisual
vision
visible
supervisor
vista
visitor
invisible
revisit
laudable
to say or read aloud
a binding agreement between two or more parties,
especially a written one
not able to be predicted or known in advance
a person who rules a country with absolute power
an official order, rule, or law that is made known to the
public by a formal announcement; decree
a reference book that lists words in a language in
alphabetical order and gives information about the word
the act of predicting
heard or capable of being heard
a building or a large room in a building such as a school
or a church in which an audience can assemble
a trial hearing to test the skill or suitability as of an actor
or signer for a job or role
a group of listeners or watchers as at a concert or play
magnetic tape on which sound can be recorded
of or having to do with hearing
of, using, or perceptible to both hearing and sight
the ability to see
capable of being seen
a person who oversees and directs others
a view especially one shut in at the sides and reaching
into the distance
a person who visits
not visible; not capable of being seen
come back to or visit again
deserving praise or approval; praiseworthy
Sort 32 Latin Roots (gress, rupt, tract, mot)
gress = to go rupt = to break tract = to draw/pull
mot = to move
progress
regress
digress
aggressive
egress
transgress
interrupt
erupt
rupture
abrupt
distrupt
detract
distract
traction
attract
extract
tractor
promote
motion
demote
locomotive
motivate
emotion
emoticon
a moving forward in space
to go back; return, as to a former condition
to turn aside from the main subject
quick to attack or start a fight
a way of getting out; exit
to break or violate as a law or an oath
to cause something or someone to stop by breaking in
to cast forth, as lava or steam
the act of breaking apart
sudden
to break up or interfere with
to take away a part;; withdraw something
to draw (as the mind) from something claiming attention
the act of pulling or drawing over a surface
to cause to come near without visible connection
to take out as by pulling or squeezing
a powerful motor-driven vehicle used, as on farms, for
pulling a plow or reaper
to contribute to the progress, development, or growth of
any change in position or location; movement
to reduce to a lower grade, rank or position
the act or power of moving from one place to another
to provide with a motive
a strong feeling, such as love, anger, fear, sorrow or joy
a sideways facial glyph used in e-mail to indicate an
emotion or attitude :)
Sort 33 Latin Roots (fract, flect/flex, ject, mis/mit)
fract = to break flect/flex = to bend ject = to throw
mis/mit = to send
fracture
fraction
infraction
fractious
reflect
flexible
deflect
reflex
inflexible
reflector
reject
eject
projector
injection
project
trajectory
object
transmit
emissions
admit
permit
mission
submit
submission
the act of breaking, as the breaking or cracking of a
bone
a part taken from a whole
an act or instance of breaking a rule or law
hard to control; unruly
to throw or cast back an image of
capable of being bent or twisted without breaking
to turn aside from its regular course
an action not controlled by the will, performed in
response to the stimulation of a nerve or group of nerves
that cannot be bent, altered, or changed; rigid
a polished surface for reflecting light, heat, or sound
to refuse to take, recognize, believe, or grant
to throw or put out; expel
a device for projecting slides or movies onto a screen
the act of injecting (to drive or shoot in)
something thought of in the mind; plan
the curved path followed by a projectile or a comet in its
flight
anything that is or may be seen or touched
to send or pass on from one person or place to another
the act or process of emitting
to allow to enter or join
to allow; let
the task, business, or duty that a person or group is
sent forth to do
to give up; yield to the authority, power or will of another
the act of submitting or giving in
Sort 34 Latin Roots (man, scrib/script, cred, fac)
man = hand scrib/script = to write cred = to believe
fac = to make
manual
manuscript
manicure
manure
mandate
maneuver
manufacture
transcribe
prescribe
prescription
inscribe
incription
scribe
subscription
scribble
incredible
credible
credence
discredit
incredulous
factory
artifact
facsimlie
facilitate
of or having to do with the hands
something, as a book, article, or document, written by
hand or typed
the cosmetic care of the hands and fingernails
any substance used to fertilize soils, as dung
a formal usually written command from someone in
authority
a planned movement or action as of troops or warships
to make a product, especially on a large scale and with
machinery
to copy or recopy in handwriting or typewriting from an
original notes
to set down as a rule or direction to be followed or
obeyed; order
a physician’s formula for preparing and ordering a
medicine, usually with direction about its use
to write, mark, or engrave
something, as words or letters, that is inscribed
a person who copies manuscripts by hand
the act of subscribing
to write in a hasty or careless way
so strange, unusual or extraordinary as to be
unbelievable
believable
belief in the truth of; trust
to cause to be doubted; consider unacceptable or
untrustworthy
feeling, having or showing doubt or disbelief
a building or group of buildings whre goods are
manufactured or assembled
anything made by human work or art
an exact copy
to make easier or more convenient
Sort 35 Latin Roots (duc/duct, sequ/sec, flu, ver/vert)
duc/duct = lead
introduction
induce
conductor
abduct
reduce
educate
deduct
sequel
consequence
subsequent
sect
consecutive
fluid
fluent
influx
affluence
fluctuate
superfluous
reverse
inverse
convert
vertigo
conversation
extravert
sequ/sec = follow
flu = flow
ver/vert = turn
the act of introducing
to influence someone to do something; persuade
a person who leads or guides
to carry off or lead away a person unlawfully; kidnap
to make less in size or amount
to teach, develop, or train
to take away; subtract
something that follows, usually as a development of
what went before
a result or effect
following in time, place, or order
a group of people who share the same beliefs or who
follow the same leader or teacher
following each other without a break
any substance able to flow easily
able to speak or write with smoothness or ease
a continuous flowing or coming in, as of people or things
plenty of money or property; wealth
to change or move in an irregular manner or up and
down
more than is needed or called for; unecessary
turned, facing, or done backward or upside down
opposite or reversed in order, direction or effect
to change, turn, or transform
a feeling of dizziness
an exchange of ideas by informal talk; talk
a person chiefly interested in other things or people
rather than in his or her own thoughts and feelings
Sort 36 Latin Roots (bene, mal) and Prefixes (ante-, post-)
bene = good/well
mal = bad ante- = before post- = after
benefit
beneficial
benefactor
benevolent
benediction
something that is helpful; help; advantage
tending to help or benefit; useful or helpful;
a person who has given help or money
desiring or showing the desire to do good
an asking of God’s blessing at the end of a religious
service
to fail to work properly
wishing evil to others; malicious
dark, gloomy, and depressing
a disease spread by the bite of an infected anopheles
mosquito and marked by recurrent attacks of chills, fever
and sweating
discontented or dissatisfied; rebellious
a person who commits a crime
an intention or desire to hurt or injure someone; ill will;
spite
showing or having malice; spiteful
lacking skill; clumsy; awkward
of before the American Civil War
between 12 o’clock midnight and 11:59 in the morning
to come or happen before
at, near, or toward the front; fore
to put off to a future time; delay
the part of the day from noon to midnight
period after the Civil War
happening or performed after death
situated behind or toward the back part
any message added to a letter below the writer’s
signature
malfunction
malevolent
dismal
malaria
malcontent
malefactor
malice
malicious
maladroit
antebellum
ante meridian
antedate
anterior
postpone
post meridian
postbellum
postmortem
posterior
postscript
Sort 37 Greek and Latin Elements: Amounts (magni, min, poly, equ, omni)
magni = great
omni = all
magnificent
magnification
magnitude
miniscule
minute
diminish
minimum
minnow
mince
polysyllabic
polygon
polyglot
polytechnic
polygamy
unequal
equitable
equation
equanimity
equator
equilateral
equivalent
omnipotent
omnivore
omniscient
min = small
poly = much/many
equ = equal
grand and stately; splendid
the act or process of magnifying
size or extent
very small
the 60th part of an hour
very careful and precise in small details
to make smaller or less; decrease
the least amount possible or allowed
a small freshwater fish related to the carp, common in
North America and much used for bait
to cut or chop food into small bits
having more than three syllables
a closed plane figure bounded by three or more straight
lines
expressed in or written in many languages
having to do with or teaching many technical or scientific
subjects
the condition or practice of having more than one wife or
husband at a time
not equal or balanced, as in size, strength, or ability
just, fair, and reasonable
in mathematics, a statement that two or more quantities
or groups of quantities are equal
evenness of mind and disposition
an imaginary line that encircles the earth exactly halfway
between the North Pole and the South Pole
having all the sides of the same length
equal as in worth, force, or amount
not limited in power or authority; almighty
an animal or person that eats food of both plant and
animal origin
knowing all things
Sort 38 Greek and Latin Elements: Related to the body (cap, corp, dent/don’t,
ped/pod)
cap = head OR to take/seize dent/don’t = tooth
ped/pod = foot
decapitate
capitol
capital
capitalization
captain
corpse
corps
corpulent
corporal
corporation
dentist
orthodontist
periodontal
dentures
indent
pedal
pedicure
pedestal
centipede
impede
orthopedic
podiatrist
podium
pedestrian
corp = body
to cut off the head of; behead
official building of the US Congress in Washington DC
the city or town in a country or state which is the seat of
government
a uppercase letter
the act or process of capitalizing
a military rank
the dead body of a human being
a branch of the armed forces having some special
function
having a fleshy body; fat
a military rank
a group of people who have been given the legal power
to act as one person
a doctor whose job is caring for and treating the teeth
a person that deals with straightening or adjusting
abnormally aligned or positioned teeth
surrounding or encasing a tooth
a lever or mechanical device pushed by the foot to
operate or control any of a number of things, as a
bicycle or a machine
a treatment to improve the appearance of the toenails
and feet
the base that supports a column, statue, vase, or the like
any of various wormlike animals having many pairs of
legs and two poison fangs on the head
to put obstacles in the way of; obstruct
of, or having to do with, or used in orthopedics
a specialist in the care of feet
a small platform on which the conductor of an orchestra
stands
a person who moves about on foot
Sort 39 Greek and Latin Roots (terr, astr/aster, aer, hydra/hydro)
terr = earth aster/astr = star aer = air hydra/hydro = water
terrain
an area of land, especially as considered with respect to
its use for military operations or some other purpose
territory
the geographical area ruled by a nation, state, or
country
terrarium
a transparent box in which small land animals or plants
are grown and kept
subterranean
located or happening under the earth
terrier
any of various small, active dogs, formerly used to hunt
burrowing animals
extraterrestrial
of, relating to, or originating beyond the Earth
astronomy
the study of the stars, planets, and other heavenly
bodies, including information on their makeup, positions,
and motions
astronaut
a person who travels in space
astrology
the study of the supposed influence of stars and planets
on humans
asteroid
any of thousands of small celestial bodies orbiting the
sun, mostly between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter
asterisk
a mark shaped like a star*
disaster
an event causing great distress or ruin
aerosol
a mass of extremely small liquid or solid particles
suspended in a gas
aerial
of or in the air
aerobatics
feats of spectacular flying performed in one or more
aircraft to entertain an audience on the ground
aerobics
vigorous physical exercises designed to increase the
body’s capacity to take in and utilize oxygen
aeronaut
a person who flies an aircraft, especially a balloon
aerospace
the earth’s atmosphere and outer space, considered as
a single region
dehydrated
to take water out of
hydrant
a large upright pipe coming from a water main, from
which water may be drawn
hydraulic
of or having to do with a liquid in motion
hydrogen
the lightest and most abundant of the elements, a
colorless, odorless, highly flammable gas
hydrate
a chemical compound that contains water
hydrofoil
a device similar to a shore airplane wing, attached to a
boat below the waterline in order to lift the hull out of the
water to allow for greater speeds
Sort 40 Latin Roots (gen, mort, bio)
gen = birth/beginning/family
generate
genesis
progenitor
generic
genre
regenerate
progeny
genetic
gene
generation
mortal
immortal
mortician
mortified
mortgage
biology
microbiology
biodegradable
antibiotic
amphibious
biography
autobiography
biome
biotic
mort = death
bio =life
to produce or cause to be
origin; beginning
an ancestor
characteristic of or indicating a whole group, genus, or
class
type, kind, sort, or class
to cause to become better morally or spiritually
children; descendants
of or having to do with genetics
a segment of chromosomal DNA governing the
production of a specific protein
the act or process of generating
any group of people born at about the same time
certain to die eventually
living, lasting, or remembered forever
a funeral dirctor; undertaker
to deprive of self-respect or pride; humiliate
a claim on property, given as security for a loan
the science of life and of the ways in which living things
grow, develop, and reproduce
the branch of biology concerned with the study of
microorganisms
capable of being broken down into simpler or harmless
substances by the action of living things, especially
bacteria
a substance such as penicillin, produced by a
microorganism or fungus, that kills or weakens
microorganisms harmful to people
living or adapted to life onland or in water
an account of a person’s life
the story of a person’s life written by that person
a major regional or global biotic community
of or having to do with life or living things
Sort 41 Latin Roots (ven/vent, junct, spir, sec/sect)
ven/vent = to come
sec/sect = to cut
convene
convention
intervene
intervention
avenue
preventive
junction
juncture
adjunct
conjunction
perspire
respiration
inspiration
aspiration
conspiracy
transpire
expire
spiritual
dispirited
dissect
section
insect
intersection
sectarian
junct = to going
spir = to breathe
to come together; assemble
a meeting or assembly for some purpose
to come in to change a situation
the act of intervening
a street, especially a broad one
intended or used to prevent something, as harm or
disease
a point where things meet or join
a joint or union
something added to a main thing, less important and not
needed, but helpful
combination; association
to sweat
breathing
a good idea or impulse that comes to someone, usually
suddenly
a great hope or desire; ambition
a second plan of tow or more persons to do an evil or
unlawful act; plot
to give off waste products in the form of moisture from
the surface, as the human body does or as leaves do
to end its term; run out
of, like, or having to do with the soul or spirit
to lose enthusiasm or hope
to cut apart so as to study the structure
a separate part or division; portion
any of a large class of small animals with a head, thorax,
and abdomen, six legs, and usually two pairs of wings
a crossing, especially a place where streets cross
of, like, or devoted to a particular sect
Sort 42 Latin Roots (jud, leg, mod, biblio)
jud = to judge leg = law/to read
doing biblio = book
prejudice
adjudicate
judiciary
misjudge
judgment
legislate
legalistic
allegiance
privilege
legally
legacy
delegate
legible
legend
illegible
bibliography
bibliophile
biblical
moderate
mode
modern
remodel
modality
modification
mod = measure/manner of
an unfair opinion or judgment formed in advance of or
without examination of the available facts
to consider and settle a case according to judicial
procedures
the branch of government that interprets and applies the
law
to judge wrongly or unfairly
the act of judging
to make laws
strict adherence to the law or a particular coe
loyalty to a government or ruler
a special benefit, favor, or advantage enjoyed only under
special conditions
of or having to do with the law
something as money or property, that has been left to
one by a will
a person sent with authority to act for a group;
representative
easy to read
a story that has come down from earlier times and is
often thought by many people to be partly true
not printed or written clearly enough to be read; hard or
impossible to read
a list of the writings of an author, or of the writings about
a certain subject
a person who loves or collects books
of or having to do with the Bible
not extreme or excessive
a way; method
of or having to do with present or recent time
to model again
modal quality; a tendency to conform to a general
pattern
the act of modifying
Sort 43 Greek and Latin Roots (voc/voke, ling/lang, mem, psych)
voc = voice/call ling = language mem = mind
psych = mind/mental
vocal
vocalize
provocative
advocate
invoke
vocation
provoke
linguist
lingo
language
linguini
multilingual
slang
memory
memorial
remember
commemorate
memorandum
immemorial
memento
psychology
psychiatrist
psyche
psyched
of, having to do with, or made by the voice
to sing speak, or make vocal sounds
serving or tending to arouse one, as by making one
puzzled, angry, interested, or amused
to speak or write in favor of; defend; support
to call upon for help or protection, as in a prayer
a profession, career, or trade
to make angry or resentful; irritate
a person who speaks several languages
a language or talk that seem outlandish or is not
understood
the sounds spoken and heard or the symbols written and
read by human beings to express emotions and ideas or
to record facts
pasta formed into long, narrow, flat strips
knowing more than one language
an informal, often short-lived kind of language used in
place of standard words for added vividness or humor
the mental act of or capacity for remembering
devoted to the memory of a person or event
to bring back to the mind or memory
to honor or keep fresh the memory of
a brief note of something to be remembered
ancient beyond memory
anything kept or given as a reminder of the past;
souvenir
the study of the mind and the way it works
a doctor who treats people who are mentally ill
the human soul or mind
to prepare mentally and emotionally
Sort 44 Greek and Latin Roots (path, sens/sent, med/medi, sol)
path = disease/suffering
sol - alone
sympathy
apathy
telepathy
antipathy
empathy
pathetic
pathology
sensation
sensational
sentiment
dissent
sensitivity
medicine
remedy
remedial
medivac
medic
solo
soliloguy
solitaire
desolate
solitude
isolate
sole
sens/sent = sense
med/medi = heal
the condition of being affected by another’s state
lack of feeling
communication from one mind to another, apparently
received without use of hearing, sight, or touch
a strong feeling of dislike or aversion
the capacity to share another person’s feelings or
thoughts
arousing, expressing, or deserving pity or sympathy;
pitiful
the branch of medical science concerned with the origin,
nature, causes, and development of disease
the awareness of stimulation of any of the senses, as
sight, smell, or touch
causing great excitement or interest
a delicate or refined feeling
to hold or express a different opinion or belief; disagree
capable of feeling, reacting, or appreciating quickly or
easily
any substance used in treating disease, in healing, or in
relieving pain
something that cures, relieves, or corrects
providing a remedy
medical evacuation
a medical doctor or intern
a musical composition or passage for a single voice or
instrument
the act of talking to oneself
any of several card games that an be played by one
person
lacking people; deserted
the condition of being away from others
to place apart or alone; separate form others
being the one and only
Sort 45 Prefixes (intra-, inter- intro-, circum-)
intra = within inter = between/among
circum = around
intramural
intravenous
intrapersonal
intrastate
intermural
interact
international
interpersonal
interstate
introvert
introspective
introduce
circumference
circumnavigate
circumscribe
circumvent
circumstance
intro = in/inward
happening between or among members of the same
school or organization
into or within a vein
existing or occurring within the individual self or mind
relating to or existing within the boundaries of a state
taking place between two different institutions or cities
to act on each other; a study of the way students interact
in school
for or existing between or among nations
of or relating to the interactions between individuals
one of a system of expressways covering the inner 48
states
a person whose main interest is directed inward toward
thoughts a feelings rather than toward the world outside
having to do with or tending toward introspection
to make acquainted; present
the boundary of any closed curve, especially a circle
to trap or get the better of by cleverness or slyness
to limit; confine
to trap or get the better of by cleverness or slyness
something connected with an act or event
Sort 46 Latin Roots (press, pur/purg, fus, pend)
press = to press
pend = to hang
purg = to cleanse
pressure
oppressive
depression
impressive
espresso
compression
purge
expurgate
the act of pressing or the condition of being pressed
burdensome; harsh; cruel
low spirits; gloom or sadness
producing a strong impression of admiration or awe
a full-flavored, concentrated form of coffee
the act of compressing
to remove what is impure or harmful from; make clean
remove matter thought to be objectionable or unsuitable
from a book or account
a place or condition of temporary punishment meant to
cleanse those destined for heaven but not quite ready
for it
one of a group of Protestants of England and the
American colonies who wanted stricter moral laws and
simpler services in the Church of England
not pure or clean
to make or become pure or clean
the process or an instance of transfusing
to spread out in all directions
to perplex; mix up
the act of infusing
giving lavishly; liberal
a weight hung from a support and allowed to swing back
and forth
to cause to hang down from a support
anything that hangs from something else, especially an
ornament, as a jewel on a chain
likely to happen soon; imminent
straight up and down; vertical
a pair of strps worn over the shoulders for holding up the
trousers
to trust; rely
purgatory
Puritan
impure
purification
transfusion
diffuse
confuse
infusion
profuse
pendulum
suspend
pendant
impending
perpendicular
suspenders
depend
fuse = to pour
Sort 47 Latin Roots (pos, loc, sist, sta/stat/stit)
pos = to put/place loc = place
sta/stat/stit = to stand
position
deposit
compose
disposable
proposal
repository
composite
locate
relocate
location
locomotion
dislocate
insistent
persistent
resistance
consistent
instability
stationary
statue
obstacle
establish
substitute
constitution
institution
sist = to stand
the way a person or thing is placed
to set down; place; put
to make up; form
to make calm
made to be thrown away after use
a proposing; an offer of marriage
a place in which things may be stored for safe keeping
made up of separate parts; compound
to place; situate
to move to another place
a place or site
the act or power of moving from one place to another
to put or force out of joint, as a bone
insisting or persistent; demanding
preserving or undaunted
offering resistance; resisting
sticking to the same principles or ways of acting
lack of stability
remaining in one place; fixed; not movable
a likeness, as of a person or animal, carved, molded, or
cast of a substance such as marble, wood, clay, bronze
something that stands in the way or interferes;
hindrance; obstruction
to set up, found or institute on a firm or lasting basis
a person or thing that takes the lace of someone or
something else
the fundamental laws and principles set up to govern a
nation, state or association
an established organization with a special purpose
Sort 48 Latin Roots (ced/cess/ceed, ten/tend, lit)
ced/cess/ceed = to go
ten/tend = to stretch/to be pulled/to hold
lit = letter
proceed
procession
recede
recession
exceed
precede
secede
secession
succeed
tension
extend
extension
tenuous
tendon
tendril
distended
tendency
hypertension
literature
literate
alliteration
illiterate
literal
obliterate
to go on, especially after a stop
a group, as of a persons or cars, arranged one behind
the other and moving in a formal way; parade
to move back; withdraw
a slight drop in business activity; slight depression
the act of receding or moving back
to be greater or better than
to be, go, or come before, as in order, place, rank, or
time
to withdraw from a union or association
the act of seceding
to accomplish what is planned or intended; be
successful
the act of stretching
to stretch out
the act of extending
thin; slim; delicate
a tough band of tissue that connects a muscle to a bone
a thin, curling stem or growth by which a climbing plant
attaches itself to something
to stretch out; expand
a leaning or inclination toward some condition or action
blood pressure that is much higher than normal
written works collectively, especially those showing
imagination and artistic skill
able to read and write
the use of the same sound at the beginnings of stressed
words
lacking the ability to read and write
following the exact words and order of an original
to destroy completely; leave no trace of
Sort 49 Predictable Spelling changes in word roots (ceiv/cep, tain/ten,
nounce/nunc)
ceiv/cep = to take
deceive
preconceive
deception
conceive
conception
preconception
container
detain
attend
abstain
obtain
retention
detention
attention
abstention
retain
announce
pronounce
denounce
pronunciation
renounce
denunciation
announcement
renunciation
tain/ten = to hold
nounce/nunc = to report
to cause to take as true something that is not true; fool
or mislead, as by lying
formed in advance
the act of deceiving or tricking
to form or develop as an idea; imagine
the act of forming an idea
an idea formed in advance
something, as a box, jar, cup, or can, used to hold
something
to keep from going ahead or leaving; hold back; delay
to be present at; go to
to keep oneself back; refrain by choice
to gain possession of, especially by effort; get; acquire
the act of retaining
the act of detaining or confining
the act of or power of directing the mind, as in noticing or
concentrating on something
an abstaining or refraining, especially from voting
to keep; hold;
to give public notice of; proclaim
to make the sound or sounds of
to speak against openly and strongly; call bad
the act or way of saying words or sounds
to give up; disown
the act of accusing another of a crime before a public
the act of announcing
the act of renouncing or of giving up
Sort 50 Suffixes (-ent/-ence, -ant/-ance_
Words with -ent/-ence go together
Words with –ant/-ance go together
absent
absence
confident
confidence
patient
patience
different
difference
obedient
obedience
intelligent
intelligence
prominent
prominence
fragrant
fragrance
assistant
assistance
dominant
dominance
defiant
defiance
distant
distance
not present; away
the state of being away or not present
having confidence; assured
a feeling of trust; reliance; faith
able to wait for someone or something or to endure
unpleasant things without complaining
a person treated for illness or injury
the condition or quality of being patient
not the same; separate; distinct
a being unlike or different
willing or tending to obey; complying
the act, habit, or condition of obeying; compliance as
with rules, regulations or laws
having or showing intelligence; smart; bright
the ability to understand and learn or to work out
problems requiring thought
jutting out; projecting
well known
a being prominent
sweet in smell
sweetness of scent or smell
a person who assists; a helper
help; aid; support
most powerful, influential, or important
the state or condition of being dominant; authority;
control
full of defiance; resisting
bold opposition to power or authority; refusal
far off or remote in space or time
the extent of space between two points
Sort 51 Suffixes (-ent/-ence/-ency, -ant/-ance/ancy)
-ency or –ancy = the state of
resident
residence
residency
competent
competence
competency
emergent
emergence
emergency
lenient
lenience
leniency
abundant
abundance
abundancy
brilliant
brilliance
brilliancy
hesitant
hesitance
hesitancy
a person who lives in a certain place, not a visitor
the place where a person lives
the period during which a physician receives advanced
training in a specialty
having enough ability; capable
ability; capability
competence
arising unexpectedly
a coming out or becoming known; appearance
sudden and unexpected turn of events calling for
immediate action
gentle or merciful; not stern or severe; mild
leniency
the quality of being lenient; gentleness; mercy
existing in plentiful supply; ample
a full or plentiful supply; more than enough
abundance
sparkling or glowing with light; very bright
intense brightness or sparkle
brilliance
lacking certainty; hesitating; doubtful
a feeling of diffidence and indecision about doing
something
the act or condition of hesitating; hesitation
Sort 52 Suffixes (-able, -ible)
-able is usually added to base words
-ible is usually added to word roots
enjoyable
profitable
predictable
perishable
laughable
punishable
adaptable
attainable
questionable
decipherable
sustainable
invincible
edible
eligible
plausible
indelible
reproducible
intangible
terrible
feasible
compatible
combustible
formidable
corruptible
giving pleasure; pleasant; satisfying
bringing profit or gain
capable of being predicted
likely to decay or wither quickly
causing or likely to cause laughter; ridiculous; funny
deserving of or liable to punishment
changed or changing easily to fit conditions
capable of being attained
of or showing doubtful, as character, honesty, or
morality; suspicious
to translate from cipher or code into plain language;
decode
able to hold in position; support
not to be overcome or conquered
suitable for food; fit to eat
capable of or legally qualified for something
seeing reasonable on the surface and appearing worthy
to be believed or trusted, yet possibly deceiving
that cannot be erased or blotted out
able to make a copy
not capable of being touched; not material
causing terror or awe
capable of being done or put into effect
able to get along together; agreeable
capable of catching fire; easily burned
causing fear or dread, as because of strength or size
capable of being corrutpted
Sort 53 Adding –able and –ible (e-drop and y to i)
Just need to remember
reusable
adorable
consumable
excusable
valuable
undesirable
pleasurable
unimaginable
noticeable
replaceable
enforceable
salvageable
knowledgeable
manageable
exchangeable
agreeable
reliable
undeniable
identifiable
variable
sensible
defensible
responsible
reversible
capable of being used again
worthy of love or adoration
capable of being consumed
that can be excused; pardonable
being worth money or effort; having value
not desirable or pleasing; unwanted or objectionable
pleasant
impossible to imagine
attracting one’s attention; easily seen
capable of being replaced
capable of being enforced
capable of being salvaged
having considerable knowledge or information
capable of being managed, controlled or directed
capable of being exchanged
giving pleasure, pleasing
dependable, trustworthy
too true or good to be denied or questioned
capable of being identified
likely or able to vary; changeable
having or showing wisdom or good judgment
capable defended
obliged to carry out or take care of, as a duty, trust, or
debt
capable of going either forward or backward
Sort 54 Accent and Doubling
If the word ends in a single vowel and a single consonant then
double.
If the accent in the base word falls on the final syllable, then
double the final consonant before adding the suffix.
If the accent does not fall on the last syllable, do not double.
omitted
propellant
compelling
forgetting
preferred
deferred
concurring
conferred
forbidden
referred
repellant
beginner
orbited
benefiting
leveled
piloting
preference
deference
modeling
conference
limited
reference
editing
canceled
to leave out; fail to include
a person or thing that propels, especially a fuel for
propelling a rocket
to force drive
to cease or fail to remember; lose from memory
to like better; value more
to put off until later; delay
to agree or approve
to grant, bestow, or award
not allowed
to go for information or help
that drives or keeps away or back
the path taken by a celestial body or artificial satellite as
it moves around its enter or attraction
something that is helpful
having a flat surface, with each part a the same height
to guide, conduct or steer
the act of preferring; to show good judgment in one’s
preferences
respect and consideration for the wishes and opinions of
another
to wear and display clothing
a discussion or consultation on a particular subject
confined within a limit or limits; restricted
the act of calling attention
to arrange, correct, or in any way
to cross out or mark to show it has been used or noted
to call off, make impossible or do away with
Sort 55 Words from French
Notice French spelling.
brunette
having more or less dark skin, hair, and eyes
cassette
a case holding a spool of magnetic tap for easy insertion
into a tape recorder or player
barrette
a small bar with a clasp used for holding hair in place
omelette
eggs beaten together with water or milk and cooked by
frying or sometimes baking
vignette
a short description or picture in words written with charm
and style
cigarette
a paper tube filled with shredded tobacco for smoking
silhouette
a portrait in outline, cut out of black paper or drawn and
filled in with a dark solid color
ballet
a dance in which formal steps and movements are
performed by costumed dancers
beret
a soft flat cap without a visor, usually made of wool
bouquet
a bunch of flowers; nosegay
buffet
a piece of dining-room furniture for holding silver,
glassware, or table linen; a meal at which guests serve
themselves from patters of food
chalet
a Swiss cottage with very wide eaves
croquet
an outdoor game in which the players use mallets with
long handles to drive wooden balls through a series of
wickets
gourmet
a person who appreciates the finest food and drink
crochet
to make or trim by forming connected loops of thread or
yarn with a hooked needle
sachet
a small, ornamental bag of perfumed powder, used for
scenting clothing
banquet
a lavish feast
bracelet
a band or chain worn as an ornament around the wrist
faucet
a device with an adjustable valve used to start, stop, or
regulate the flow of a liquid as from a pipe
goblet
a drinking glass with a base and stem and no handles
prophet
a person who speaks or writes with or as if with a divine
message
velvet
a cloth, as one of silk, rayon, or cotton, with a thick,
smooth pile on one side
sonnet
a poem of fourteen lines that rhyme according to a
formal, fixed scheme
couplet
tow successive lines of verse that go together usually
rhymed and having the same meter
Sort 56 Prefix Assimilation (in-)
in- im- il- ir- = not
incorrect
inactive
inaccurate
incapable
innumerable
insecure
indecent
immobile
immoral
immature
immediate
imperfect
impartial
impatient
illegal
illicit
illogical
illegitimate
irresistible
irremovable
irrational
irresponsible
irreplaceable
irregular
not correct, proper, true, or suitable
not active or in use; idle
not accurate; incorrect
lacking the necessary ability, skill, or capacity
too many to be counted; countless
apt to break, fall, or fail; not safe
not decent or proper
not movable; fixed tightly
morally bad; wicked
not fully grown, ripened or developed
done or happening without delay; at once
having a fault or faults; not perfect
not favoring one thing or person
lacking patience; easily annoyed, as at delay or
discomfort
not legal; forbidden by law
not permitted; unlawful
showing a lack of sound reasoning
born of parents who were not married to each other
incapable of being resisted or opposed
incapable of being removed
not able to reason or understand
not responsible or reliable; having no sense of duty
not capable of being replaced; having no substitute
not in accord with customary standards, established
patterns, or traditional rules
Sort 57 Prefix Assimilation (com-)
com- = with/together
commune
committee
combination
commotion
commitment
complement
collaborate
collide
collapse
collage
correlate
correspond
corrupted
corrosive
coexist
coauthor
cohesive
coordinate
cohort
coincidence
confer
convention
connection
confide
to talk privately; to be close
a group of people chose to do certain specified things
the act of joining
great confusion; excitement; disturbance
a committing or being committed
something that completes or perfects
to work together, as on literary or scientific efforts
to come together with a strong or violent impact; crash
to give way; cave in
a decorative composition of bits of paper, cloth, or other
materials attached to a surface
to place or put in relation one to the other;
to be in agreement with each other
depraved, wicked or dishonest
that corrodes; corroding
to live or exist together in the same place or at the same
time
an author who writes in conjunction with another author
having or showing cohesion
to bring or come into the right relation for working
together
a companion or follower
a seemingly remarkable chance occurrence or
appearance of two things at the same place or time
to grant, bestow, or award
a meeting or assembly for some purpose
the act of connecting
to tell in trust or confidence
Sort 58 Prefix Assimilation (sub-)
sub- = under/below
subversive
subjugate
subdue
subconscious
suburban
subsidize
subcommittee
submissive
suffix
suffer
suffrage
suffocate
support
suppress
supplement
supplant
supplies
succumb
successive
succinct
suspect
sustain
suspense
susceptible
tending to undermine or overthrow, as a government or
law
to bring under domination or control; conquer; subdue
to gain power over, as by force; conquer
the part of one’s mind that one is usually not aware of
of, having to do with or living in a suburb or the suburbs
to support or assist with a grant of money
a small committee formed from a larger committee to do
some special work
giving in or willing to give in to what is asked or
demanded; obedient
one or more syllables added on at the end of a word to
make another word of different meaning or function
to feel or endure pain or distress
the right to vote
to kill by depriving of air; smother; stifle
to bear the weight of; hold up or hold in place
to put down or end by force; crush
something added, often to supply a lack
to take the place of, often unfairly
to furnish what is needed or wanted
to give in or give way, as to force or persuasion
following in order without interruption; consecutive
made or expressed clearly and briefly, with no wasted
words
to believe that something or someone is bad, wrong, or
guilty, without real proof
to hold in position; support
a condition or situation in which where is a good deal of
doubt, worry, fear, or uncertainty about what is going to
happen
easily influenced, moved, or affected
Sort 59 Prefix Assimilation (ex-, ob-)
ex- = out/out of/beyond
expenditure
exaggerate
excessive
excavate
excursion
excrete
extraction
effusive
effort
effervescence
efficient
obstruction
obsolete
objection
obnoxious
obstinate
opponent
opposite
opportunity
offend
offensive
occupy
occurred
occasion
the act of spending or using up
the act of exaggerating
to great or too much
to make a hole or cavity in by digging
a short pleasure trip or outing
to throw off or eliminate waste matter from the body
the act of extracting
overly emotional and enthusiastic; gushing
the use of physical or mental energy or power to get
something done
to give off bubbles, as soda water
producing results with the least effort or waste; capable
something that obstructs; obstacle; hindrance
old; out-of-date
a statement or feeling of disagreement or opposition
very disagreeable or unpleasant; objectionable
stubbornly holding to one’s opinion or purposes;
unyielding
a person who opposes another, as in sports, war, or
debating
located or placed on the other side or on each side of a
space or object
a right or convenient time, occasion, or circumstance
to give offense to; displease; anger
unpleasant or disagreeable
to take and hold possession of, as by conquest
to happen or take place
the particular time of a happening
Sort 60 Prefix Assimilation (ad-)
ad- = to/toward
advertise
administer
advice
addictive
adhesive
additional
adjoining
approach
approximate
appoint
appendage
apprentice
appreciate
associate
assignment
assertive
attentive
attract
attribute
attempt
accompany
accommodate
accelerate
accumulate
to make known or praise publicly, usually in order to sell
to be in charge or; manage
a suggestion or opinion on what one ought to do or how
to do it
leading to addiction; habit-forming
designed or tending to stick fast; sticky
added or to be added; extra
to be next to; border on
to come nearer in space or time
almost exact, correct or like
to select for a position, office, or duty; designate
something attached to a larger or main part
a person who works for another in order to learn a trade
or business
to recognize the merit of; understand and value or enjoy
to make or see a connection between; connect in one’s
mind
the act of assigning
very bold and self-confident; aggressive
giving or showing attention
to cause to come near without visible connection
to consider as belonging to or caused by
to make an effort; try
to come or go along with; escort
to hold comfortably; be suitable for
to increase speed or the speed of
to heap or pile up; together; collect
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