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Chapter 19: Elements and their Properties - Study Guide
Important Vocabulary:
1. Periodic Table
2. Groups
3. Periods
4. Valence Electrons
5. Electron Dot Diagram
6. Metals
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Malleable
Ductile
Metallic Bonding
Nonmetals
Diatomic Molecule
Metalloids
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
Semiconductors
Alkali Metals
Alkaline Earth Metals
Transition Metals
Halogens
Noble Gases
Important Concepts:
 Explain the composition of the periodic table.

Use the periodic table to obtain information.

Explain what the terms metal, nonmetal, and metalloid mean.

Find the number of valence electrons and draw electron dot structures.

Describe the properties of typical metals, nonmetals, and metalloids.

Identify and describe the properties of the alkali metals and the alkaline earth metals.

Differentiate among the transition metals.

Identify and describe the properties of the halogens and noble gases.
Practice Problems:
1. Who was the first person to organize the elements into a table? How did this person organize the
elements?
2. What are the horizontal rows called on the periodic table? What happens to the atomic number as
you go from left to right? How many rows are there on the periodic table?
3. What are the vertical columns called on the periodic table? How many vertical columns are there?
What two things are similar about the elements that are in the same column?
4. How many electrons can an atom have in each of the following energy levels?
a. Nucleus:
d. 3rd energy level:
b. 1st energy level:
e. 4th energy level:
c. 2nd energy level:
5. Which of the above energy levels has the most energy? Which has the least?
6. What is the maximum number of electrons that an atom can have in its outermost energy level?
7. What are these electrons called?
8. How can you determine how many valence electrons are in an atom?
9. How many valence electrons are in each of the following elements:
a. lithium (Li)
d. aluminum (Al)
g. krypton (Kr)
b. potassium (K)
e. chlorine (Cl)
h. nitrogen (N)
c. carbon (C)
f.
i.
magnesium (Mg)
10. Draw the electron dot structures for the following elements:
a. sodium (Na)
c. oxygen (O)
b. radon (Rn)
d. silicon (Si)
11. Where on the periodic table can you find the most metals?
sulfur (S)
12. Circle the properties below that apply to metals and underline the properties that belong to
nonmetals. Some properties may apply to both!
a. malleable
h. semiconductors
b. not malleable
i.
good conductors
c. ductile
j.
brittle
d. not ductile
k. gain electrons
e. shiny
l.
f.
m. form ionic bonds
dull
g. poor conductors
lose electrons
n. form covalent bonds
13. What are the seven diatomic molecules? Are they metals, nonmetals, or metalloids? What family do
most of them belong to?
14. What are the 8 metalloids? How can you locate them on the periodic table?
15. Label the following families on the blank periodic table below:
a. alkali metals
b. noble gases
c. alkaline earth metals
d. halogens
e. transition metals
16. Why is hydrogen placed in group 1, but not considered an alkali metal?
17. Which family has the most reactive metals?
18. Which family has the most reactive nonmetals?
19. Which family is the most stable? Why are they so stable?
20. Which groups make up the transition metals?
21. Which element is considered to be the most chemically reactive of all of the elements?
22. Identify each of the following elements as a metal, nonmetal, or metalloid:
a. Iron (Fe)
h. Arsenic (As)
b. Carbon (C)
i.
Lanthanum (La)
c. Neon (Ne)
j.
Iodine (I)
d. Hydrogen (H)
k. Lead (Pb)
e. Calcium (Ca)
l.
f.
m. Astatine (At)
Boron (B)
g. Gold (Au)
Phosphorus (P)
n. Radon (Rn)