First Aid, CPR and AED
Chapter 2 Notes: p. 5-8
Name: _________________________
Date/Block: ____________________
A _____________ is a vital link between _________________ and the _________.
Size up the Scene: 3 Things to Consider
1.
2.
3.
Call 9-1-1 if the answer to any of these questions is “yes.” (see table 2.1-choose 4)
1.
2.
3.
4.
When calling 9-1-1, be prepared to give the following information:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
List 2 examples of PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) and describe how they protect
you.
List 6 steps you can follow to protect yourself from disease transmission when providing
care.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
First Aid, CPR and AED
Chapter 3 Notes: p. 9-14
Name: _________________________
Date/Block: ____________________
How do you do a scene size-up? What do you look for?
What is a primary check? What does it include?
How do you check responsiveness?
How do you check for breathing? What are some sounds that would indicate abnormal
breathing?
How do you check for severe bleeding and what do you do to control it?
What is the recovery position and when is it used?
What is a secondary check? What does it include?
The DOTS guideline helps you identify keys signs of a problem.
D _____________:
O _____________:
T _____________:
S _____________:
To conduct a physical exam, follow these steps:
1. __Head_______:
2. _____________:
3. _____________:
4. _____________:
5. _____________:
6. _____________:
7. _____________:
Define cyanosis:
List and describe the steps to using the SAMPLE guideline to gather information (table
3.3)
S __________________:
A__________________:
M_________________:
P__________________:
L__________________:
E_________________:
First Aid, CPR and AED
Chapter 4 Notes: p. 15-23
Name: _________________________
Date/Block: ____________________
Define Heart Attack:
Define Cardiac Arrest:
List and describe the five links in the chain of survival:
1. ___________________:
2. ___________________:
3. ___________________:
4. ___________________:
5. ___________________:
What does CPR stand for?
What is the goal of Chest Compressions?
*REVIEW* How do you check responsiveness? What do you do if there is no response?
Describe how you give chest compressions:
Head _________, chin ________ to open the victim’s airway.
Describe how you give rescue breaths:
For ADULT CPR: You give _____ compressions and _____ breaths.
For CHILD CPR: You give _____ compressions and _____ breaths.
For INFANT CPR: You give _____ compressions and _____ breaths.
Describe a mild airway obstruction:
The signs of a severe airway obstruction include:
1.
2.
3.
4.
What is the universal sign for choking?
List and describe the steps for assisting a responsive adult or child who cannot speak,
cough or breathe.
1.
2.
List and describe the steps for assisting a responsive infant who cannot speak, cough or
breathe.
1.
2.
If the choking victim becomes unresponsive, call __________ and give
______________________.
First Aid, CPR and AED
CPR Practice Test
Name: _________________________
Date/Block: ____________________
Multiple Choice: Choose the best answer.
_____ 1. When you approach a victim who you think is unconscious, tap and shout to:
A. Attract potential bystanders
C. Check for responsiveness
B. Check for possible head/neck injuries
D. None of these
_____ 2. The head tilt-chin lift is used by a rescuer to:
A. Correct and treat a spinal injury
B. Open the victim’s airway
C. Find a pulse
D. Check for responsiveness
_____ 3. A victim suffering from cardiac arrest needs:
A. CPR
B. An Epinephrine auto-injector
C. A tourniquet
D. Direct pressure and elevation
_____ 4. High blood pressure, smoking and lack of exercise are all:
A. Symptoms of a diabetic emergency
C. Characteristics of bystanders
B. Cardiovascular disease risk factors
D. All of these
_____ 5. You should continue performing CPR on an unresponsive victim until:
A. The victim regains consciousness
B. You become too exhausted to continue
C. EMS or another responder takes over
D. All of these
_____ 6. When performing CPR on an adult, the depth of chest compression should be:
A. 1 ½ inches
C. at least 2 inches
B. 2 inches
D. None of these
_____ 7. A conscious victim who is clutching their throat with both hands:
A. Is giving the signal of a head injury
C. Is checking their pulse
B. Is giving the universal sign of choking
D. Is giving the signal of a stroke
_____ 8. You give abdominal thrusts on a conscious choking victim until:
A. The victim becomes unconscious
C. The object becomes dislodged
B. The victim clutches their throat
D. Either A or C
_____ 9. You should place the victim in the recovery position when:
A. The victim stops breathing
C. The victim starts vomiting
B. You must leave the victim alone
D. Both B and C
Matching: Choose the best answer.
A. Airway Obstruction
D. Defibrillation
B. Rescue Breaths
E. Heart Attack
C. CPR
F. Chest Compression
_____ 10. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, providing chest compressions and rescue
breaths.
_____ 11. Death of part of the heart muscle due to stoppage of its blood supply.
_____ 12. A blockage of the airway by an object that is lodged in it.
_____ 13. Depressing the chest to more blood to the heart and brain.
_____ 14. Breathing provided by a responder to a victim who is not breathing.
_____ 15. An electric shock administered to re-establish a normal heart rhythm.
First Aid, CPR and AED
Chapter 5 Notes: p 24-30
Name: _________________________
Date/Block: ____________________
AED
Chances for survival dramatically improve with early ________________ and early
____________________ with the use of an _______.
An Automated External Defibrillator (AED) is used to ______________________________
________________________________________________________________________.
Ventricular Fibrillation (V-Fib) is described as:
Ventricular Tachycardia (V-Tach) is described as:
For every minute that defibrillation is delayed, the victim’s chance of survival is decreases
by __________ to _________.
Many types and models of AED’s exist, but they all have some elements in common:
1.
4.
2.
5.
3.
6.
Using an AED: Basic operating procedures to assist any victim:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Special Considerations for AED use:
Water:
Children:
Medication Patches:
Implanted Devices:
When inspecting an AED, check for these 4 items:
_________________________, ____________________, __________, _______________
First Aid, CPR and AED
Chapter 6 Notes: p. 31-33
Name: _________________________
Date/Block: ____________________
Cardiovascular Emergencies!
Signs of a Heart Attack:
1.
2.
3.
4.
What are the differences in men and women pertaining to heart attacks?
Care for heart attack:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Define Angina:
What are the signs of angina?
Care for angina:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Define Stroke:
What are the common signs of a stroke?
Using FAST, you can quickly assess a victim for the possibility of a stroke:
F ________________:
A ________________:
S________________:
T________________:
Care for stroke:
1.
2.
3.
First Aid, CPR and AED
Chapter 7 Notes: p 34-41
Name: _________________________
Date/Block: ____________________
Bleeding and Wounds
Define Hemorrhage:
List and describe the 3 types of External Bleeding:
1.______________________________
2.______________________________
3.______________________________
List and describe the 6 types of Open Wounds:
1.______________________________
2.______________________________
3.______________________________
4.______________________________
5.______________________________
6.______________________________
What are the 6 steps to care for minor external bleeding?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
What are the 3 steps to care for serious external bleeding?
1.
2.
3.
These are signs that a wound may be infected:
What is tetanus? How is it treated and prevented?
To care for an amputation:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
To care for a victim with an impaled/embedded object:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Medical Attention may be required for wounds with the following conditions:
1.
6.
2.
7.
3.
8.
4.
9.
5.
10.
Call 9-1-1 immediately if:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
What is internal bleeding?
Signs of internal bleeding include:
1.
2.
3.
4.
To care for minor internal bleeding:
1.
2.
3.
4.
To care for serious internal bleeding:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Define Dressing:
Define Bandage:
First Aid, CPR and AED
Chapter 8 Notes: p 42-45
Name: _________________________
Date/Block: _____________________
Define Shock:
Damage to ___________________, _____________________________, or
_________________________ can deprive tissues of oxygen-rich blood and cause shock.
The signs of shock include:
To care for Shock:
1.
2.
3.
Define anaphylaxis:
The most common causes of anaphylaxis are:
The most common signs of anaphylaxis are:
To care for anaphylaxis:
1.
2.
3.
Define Epinephrine Auto-injector (epi-pen):
To use an epi-pen:
1.
2.
First Aid, CPR and AED
Chapter 9 Notes: p 46-51
Name: _________________________
Date/Block: _____________________
Describe the three types of burns:
Thermal (heat) burns:
Chemical burns:
Electrical burns:
Burns are categorized based on the depth (degree) of the burn:
First-degree (superficial) burns:
Second-degree (partial-thickness) burns:
Third-degree (full-thickness) burns:
Severity of burns is partially determined by the amount of surface area of the body that is
burned. Use the Rule of the Hand to estimate the size of a burn. The victim’s hand
represents _______________ of the total Body Surface Area (BSA).
Burn care aims to _____________________________, __________________________,
and _________________________________. Most burns are minor and can be managed
without medical care.
To care for first-degree burns:
1.
2.
3.
To care for small second-degree burns (<10% BSA):
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
To care for large second-degree (>20% BSA) and all third-degree burns:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Chemical burns result when caustic or corrosive substances touch the skin and they will
continue to burn as long as they are in contact with the skin. Specific information for
handling a particular substance can be found in _________________________________.
To care for a chemical burn:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Electrical injuries are divided into:
Thermal burns (flame):
Arc burns (flash):
True electrical injury (contact):
To care for electrical burns:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
First Aid , CPR and AED
Chapter 10 Notes: p 52-60
Condition
HEAD INJURIES!
Scalp Wound
(may cause heavy bleeding,
but does not affect blood
supply to the brain)
Name: _________________________
Date/Block: _____________________
What to Look For
Bleeding scalp
-Pain at point of injury
Skull Fracture
-Deformity of the skull
(A break of part of the skull -Fluid drainage from
caused by significant force nose/ears
to the head)
-Heavy scalp bleeding
-Penetrating wound
-Loss of responsiveness
-Vacant stare
Brain Injury
-Slow to answer questions
(Concussion-a temporary -Amnesia
disturbance of brain activity -Slurred speech
caused by a blow to the
-Inability or difficulty
head that shakes the brain) walking
-Loss of responsiveness
-Headache, dizziness,
nausea
-Repetitive statements
What to Do
1.Apply sterile dressing and
direct pressure.
2.Keep head/shoulders
elevated.
3.Seek medical care.
1. Check for responsiveness
and breathing, provide care.
2. Control bleeding.
3. Stabilize head/neck.
4. Call 9-1-1.
1. Check responsiveness and
breathing.
2. Stabilize head and neck.
3. Control bleeding with
dressing and apply pressure
around the wound.
4. If victim begins to vomit,
roll them onto their side
while keeping the head,
neck and body as one unit.
5. Call 9-1-1.
EYE INJURIES!
Loose Foreign Objects
Eye injuries
(can produce severe lifelong Penetrating Objects
complications such as
blindness if not treated
promptly)
Blow to the eye
1.Look under both lids.
2. Remove with wet gauze.
1. Protect eye and stabilize
object.
2. Call 9-1-1.
1. Apply ice or cold pack
2. Seek medical care if vision
Eye injuries-con’t
is affected.
Eye Avulsion
1. Cover loosely with
dressing-do not reinsert.
2. Protect with a paper cup
and tape it in place.
3. Keep uninjured eye
closed.
4. Call 9-1-1.
Eye burns from light
1. Cover both eyes with a
wet dressing and cold packs.
2. Seek medical care.
Cuts of eye or eyelid: careful 1. Apply sterile dressing and
repair may restore function slight pressure to eyelid, no
and appearance.
pressure if eyeball is cut.
2. Keep uninjured eye
closed and call 9-1-1.
Nose Injuries!
Anterior: front of nose,
Nosebleeds
most common (90%),
(A rupture of tiny blood
normally easily cared for
vessels inside the nostrils
Posterior: back of nose,
caused by a blow to the
massive bleeding backwards
nose, sneezing, or picking or into the mouth or down the
blowing the nose)
throat, SERIOUS, requires
medical care
Broken Nose
-Pain, swelling or deformity
-Bleeding and breathing
difficulty through nostrils
-Black eyes appearing one
to two days after injury.
1.Place victim in a seated
position with head tilted
forward.
2. Pinch the soft part of the
nose with the thumb and
two fingers with steady
pressure for 5-10 minutes.
3. Seek medical care if
bleeding in not controlled or
you suspect a broken nose.
1. If bleeding, provide care
for a nosebleed.
2. Apply ice or a cold pack to
the nose. Do not try to
straighten.
3. Seek medical care.
Mouth Injuries!
Bitten lip or tongue
Mouth Injuries
(involves damage to the lips,
tongue, and teeth-causes
considerable pain and
Knocked-out tooth
anxiety)
1.Apply direct pressure.
2. Apply ice or cold pack.
3. If bleeding continues,
seek medical care.
1. Control bleeding with a
rolled gauze pad.
Broken tooth
2. Preserve tooth in mouth
saliva, milk or saltwater.
3. Handle by the crown and
not the root of the tooth.
4. Seek dental care.
1. Rinse mouth with warm
water.
2. Apply ice or a cold pack to
the outside of the cheek.
3. Seek dental care.
Spinal Injuries!
-Inability to move limbs
Spinal Injuries
-Numbness, tingling
(often associated with head weakness or burning
injuries, also vehicle
sensation of the limbs
crashes, direct blows, falls -Deformity and/or odd
from heights, sports injuries, looking angle of the head
physical assaults)
and neck
-Neck or back pain
1.Stabilize the head and
neck to prevent movement.
2. Check responsiveness and
breathing and provide care
if necessary. Roll to side if
vomiting, keeping head,
neck and back as one unit.
3. Call 9-1-1.
First Aid, CPR and AED
Chapter 11 Notes: p 61-64
Name: _________________________
Date/Block: _____________________
Define closed chest injury: injury to the chest usually caused by blunt trauma that does
not break the skin.
Define open chest injury: injury to the chest usually caused by a fractured rib, knife or
bullet that penetrates the chest wall.
The condition where several ribs in the same area are broken in more than one place is
called ___flail chest______.
Signs of a rib fracture include: sharp pain, especially when the victim takes a deep breath,
coughs or moves, shallow breathing, victim holds the injured area in attempt to reduce
pain.
To care for a rib fracture:
1. Help victim find the most comfortable resting position to make breathing easier.
2. Stabilize the ribs by having the victim hold a pillow or other similar soft object against
the injured area, or use bandages to hold the pillow in place.
3. Call 9-1-1.
____Impaled Object Wounds _ are open chest injuries where an object, such as a knife is
stuck in the chest.
To care for an impaled object:
1. DO NOT remove the object. Removing an embedded object can cause more damage.
2. Use bulky dressings or cloth to stabilize the object.
3. Call 9-1-1.
What is a sucking chest wound? What are the signs to look for?
A sucking chest wound results when a chest wound allows air to pass into and out of the
chest cavity with each breath. Look for blood bubbling out of the chest wound and listen
for the sound of air being sucked into and out of the chest wound.
To care for a sucking chest wound:
1. Seal the wound with plastic or aluminum foil to stop air from entering the chest cavity.
Tape 3 sides of the plastic or foil in place. If neither item is available, you can use your
gloved hand. This treatment prevents air from entering the chest but allows air to escape.
2. If the victim has trouble breathing or seems to be getting worse, remove the cover (or
your hand) to let air escape, and then reapply.
3. Lay the victim on the injured side.
4. Call 9-1-1.
Define closed abdominal injury: injury to the abdomen that occurs as a result of a direct
blow from a blunt object.
Define open abdominal injury: injury to the abdomen that includes penetrating wounds,
impaled objects and protruding organs. Care is the same as an open chest wound.
The signs of a closed abdominal injury include __bruises__, ___pain____,
__tenderness___, and __muscle tightness_.
To care for a closed abdominal injury:
1. Place the victim in a comfortable resting position with the legs pulled up toward the
abdomen.
2. Care for shock.
3. Call 9-1-1.
A protruding organ injury is: a severe injury in which the internal organs escape or
protrude from the wound.
To care for a protruding organ injury:
1. Place the victim in a comfortable position with the knees bent and legs pulled up
toward the abdomen.
2. Cover protruding organs loosely with a moist, sterile or clean dressing. Do not use
materials that could come apart when wet, such as tissue. Clean plastic wrap or foil is a
good choice if sterile gauze is not available.
3. Care for shock.
4. Call 9-1-1.
First Aid, CPR and AED
Chapter 12 Notes: p 65-73
Name: _________________________
Date/Block: _____________________
Bone Injuries
A fracture is a break or crack in a bone. Fractures are classified as:
Closed fractures: a fracture with no open would around the fracture site.
Open fractures: a fracture with an open wound and possible protruding bone
through the skin.
To identify a possible fracture, see if the victim can use the injured body part normally. You may
also hear or feel a grating or grinding sensation when broken bones rub together. Some victim’s
will also hear or feel the bone snap. Also, you can use DOTS to identify possible signs of a broken
bone:
D: Deformity- compare the injured and uninjured sides of the body.
O: Open wounds- possible indication of an underlying fracture.
T: Tenderness- usually pin-pointed pain around the injury site.
S: Swelling- caused by bleeding and happens rapidly after a fracture.
To care for a bone injury:
1. Allow the victim to support the injured area in the most comfortable position.
2. Stabilize the injured part to prevent movement.
- If EMS will arrive soon, stabilize the injured part with your hands until they arrive.
- If EMS will be delayed, or if you are transporting the victim to medical care,
stabilize the injured part with a splint: a device used to stabilize a bone or joint
injury on an injured extremity.
3. If the injury is an open fracture, do not push on any protruding bone. Cover the wound
and exposed bone with a dressing.
4. Apply an ice or cold pack if possible to help reduce the swelling and pain.
5. Call 9-1-1 for any open fractures or large bone fractures (such as the thigh) or when
transporting the victim would be difficult or would aggravate the injury.
Types of Splints
Anatomic (self) splint: a splint where the injured body part is braced to/against an uninjured
body part, such as two fingers taped together.
Rigid Splint: an inflexible device such as a padded board long enough to stabilize the injured area
as well as the area above and below the fractured site.
Soft splint: usually a pillow or rolled blanket used to stabilize fractures of the wrist or ankle.
*Applying a splint! We will have practice in class for this 
Joint Injuries
A sprain is an injury in which the ligaments and other tissues around a joint are
damaged by violent stretching or twisting. Ankles, wrists, and knees are common injury sites. A
dislocation is an injury in which the joint comes apart and stays apart, with the bone ends no
longer in contact. Shoulders, elbows, fingers, hips, knees, and ankles are common injury sites.
Signs of a joint sprain or dislocation are similar to bone fractures: pain, swelling, and inability to
use the injured part normally. Dislocations are usually detected by looking for deformities.
To care for a joint injury:
1. If you suspect a dislocation, apply a splint if EMS will be delayed. Provide care as you
would for a fracture. Do not try to put the dislocated part back into its normal position
because nerve and blood vessel damage could result.
2. If you suspect a sprain, use the RICE procedure.
3. Seek medical care. Call 9-1-1 for any dislocations or injuries in which transporting the
victim would be difficult or would aggravate the injury.
RICE Procedure:
Rest: stop activity
Ice: Place an ice pack on the injured area. Use an elastic bandage to secure it for 20-30 minutes.
Compression: Remove the ice and apply a pressure bandage, and leave it in place for 3 hours.
Elevation: Raise the injured area while applying ice and compression.
Muscle Injuries
A muscle strain, or pulled muscle, occurs when the muscle is overstretched or torn. A muscle
contusion, or a bruise, results from a hemorrhage in or beneath the skin but does not break
through the skin. A muscle cramp occurs when the muscle goes into a painful spasm.
The signs of a muscle strain are: sharp pain, tenderness of injured area, weakness and loss of
function of injured area, and stiffness and pain when the victim moves the muscle.
The signs of a muscle contusion are: pain and tenderness, swelling, bruise appearing hours later.
The signs of a muscle cramp are: spasm, pain and inability to use injured area.
To care for muscle injuries:
Muscle strains and contusions are cared for by the RICE procedure.
Muscle cramps are cared for by stretching the affected muscle or applying direct pressure.
First Aid, CPR and AED
Chapter 13 p. 74-79
Name: _________________________
Date/Block: _____________________
Medical Emergencies!
A victim’s level of ________________________ indicates how well the brain is
functioning. If you notice changes in consciousness, and you are not sure what is causing
it, use the mnemonic __________ to assess the victim:
S: Sugar, seizures, stroke, shock- blood glucose too low (i.e., insulin reaction)
T: Temperature- too high (heatstroke) or too low (hypothermia)
O: Oxygen- inadequate oxygen
P: Poisoning- drug/alcohol overdose, carbon monoxide poisoning, head injury
To care for changes in consciousness:
1. Perform ___________ and ______________ checks and provide care as needed.
2. If unresponsive and not breathing, perform ______.
3. If unresponsive and _____________, roll victim to recovery position.
4. Call 9-1-1.
Causes of chest pain other than a heart attack include:
1. ____________________________ such as pneumonia or bronchitis, which should
be treated with medical care
2. __________________________________ due to increased physical activity and
overexertion also causes chest pain and is relieved by rest and over-the-counter
pain medication.
Define asthma:
Define hyperventilation:
The signs of a breathing difficulty include:
-Breathing abnormally fast or slow
-Breathing abnormally deep (gasping) or shallow
-Noisy breathing: wheezing (asthma), gurgling, snoring
-Bluish lips
-Need to pause while speaking to catch breath
To care for a breathing difficulty:
1. Help the victim into the most comfortable resting position, usually seated upright.
2. Call 9-1-1.
3. If the victim has a prescribed asthma inhaler, assist them in using it.
4. If the victim is hyperventilating due to anxiety, have him or her inhale through the
nose, hold the breath for several seconds, and then exhale slowly.
When blood flow to the brain is interrupted, sudden ________________ may occur. This
may result from exhaustion, lack of food, reaction to pain or the sight of blood, hearing
bad news, standing too long without moving, or problems with the heart.
To care for fainting:
1. Check for responsiveness and breathing and provide care as needed.
2. Loosen any restrictive clothing.
3. If the victim fell, check for injuries.
4. Younger victims usually recover quickly. Seek medical care if: repeated fainting
episodes, fainting for no reason, elderly victim, victim becomes unresponsive.
What is a seizure? What are the common signs to look for?
To care for a seizure:
1. Move dangerous objects away.
2. Loosen restrictive clothing.
3. Roll victim to their side.
4. Call 9-1-1 if there is no reason for the seizure.
Describe the two types of diabetes.
___________________________:
___________________________:
Define hypoglycemia:
Define hyperglycemia:
First Aid, CPR and AED
Chapter 14 p 80-84
Name: _________________________
Date/Block: _____________________
Define poison (toxin): any substance that impairs health or causes death by its chemical
action when it enters the body or comes in contact with the skin.
The signs of ingested poisoning (poisoning caused by swallowing a toxic substance) are:
-Abdominal pain/cramping
-Burns, odors or stains on the mouth
-Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
-Drowsy or unresponsive victim
-Poison container nearby
To care for ingested poisonings:
1. Determine:
A) The _____ and ______ of the victim,
B) _______ was swallowed, save the container labels
C) _____________ was swallowed, i.e., # of tablets,
D) _______ it was swallowed.
2. If responsive, call 1-800-222-1222. Poison control center staff will advise you on
diluting the poison, possibly inducing vomiting or giving activated charcoal.
3. If unresponsive, call 9-1-1. If victim is not breathing, provide CPR until medical care
arrives.
Poisoning may also be caused by an overdose or abuse of medications and other
substances. ___Alcohol___ is the most commonly abused drug in the U.S.
The signs of alcohol intoxication may include: alcohol odor, unsteadiness, confusion,
slurred speech, nausea/vomiting, and flushed face
The signs of drug overdose may include: drowsiness, anxiety, agitation, hyperactivity,
change in pupil size, confusion, and hallucinations
To care for alcohol intoxication or drug overdose:
1. If responsive, 1) check breathing, 2) call poison control center at 1-800-222-1222, 3) If
you observe violent behavior, leave and call 9-1-1.
2. If unresponsive and IS BREATHING, roll to recovery position. If NOT BREATHING, call
9-1-1 and start CPR.
_DO/DO NOT_ let an intoxicated person sleep on his or her back.
_DO/DO NOT_ leave an intoxicated person alone, unless he or she becomes violent.
_DO/DO NOT_ try to handle a hostile intoxicated person by yourself.
The signs of inhaled poisoning include: headache, breathing difficulty, chest pain,
nausea/vomiting, dizziness, vision changes, unresponsiveness.
One example of an inhaled poison is _______________________, which is a colorless,
odorless poisonous gas that is formed by incomplete burning of many organic materials
such as gasoline, wood, paper, and coal.
To care for an inhaled poison:
1. Get victim out of the toxic environment and into fresh air.
2. Check responsiveness and breathing and provide care as needed.
3. Call 9-1-1.
4. Try to determine the substance involved.
The 3 most common examples of poisonous plants are:
______________________ _______________________ _____________________
The signs of plant poisoning include: rash, itchiness, redness, blisters and swelling.
To care for plant poisoning:
1. Use medical exam gloves and wash affected area with soap and water.
2. For a mild reaction, 1) soak in lukewarm bath with 1-2 cups of oatmeal; 2) apply
calamine lotion.
3.For a severe reaction, care for a mild reaction first then seek medical care. A
corticosteroid to lessen inflammation and pain may be prescribed.
First Aid, CPR and AED
Chapter 15 p 85-93
Name: _________________________
Date/Block: _____________________
Animal and Human Bites
Define Rabies: An acute viral infection of the central nervous system transmitted by the
bite of an infected animal.
To care for an animal or human bite:
1. If not bleeding heavily, wash the area with soap and water under pressure.
2. Flush thoroughly with running water.
3. Control the bleeding and cover wound with a sterile or clean dressing.
4. Seek medical care for further wound cleaning and closure and possible tetanus and/or
rabies care.
Snake Bites
The four venomous snakes native to the U.S. are ____________ _, __________________,
____________________, and ___________________.
The signs of a _venomous snake bite_ include:
1. Severe, burning pain.
2. Puncture wounds ½ to 1 ½ inches apart
3. Swelling
4. Discoloration and blood-filled blisters, possibly developing hours after the bite
5. Nausea, vomiting, sweating, and weakness
To care for a venomous pit viper bite:
1. Get the victim and bystanders away from the snake.
2. Keep the victim calm and limit movement. Immobilize the affected limb.
3. Gently wash the area with soap and water. Do not attempt to trap/kill the snake.
4. If from a coral snake, apply mild pressure and an elastic bandage over the bite site and
the entire limb.
5. Seek medical care immediately.
What is antivenin? Can the same antivenin be used on all species of snakes? An antivenin
is an antiserum containing antibodies against reptile or insect venom. NO
Insect Stings
The signs of an insect sting include _pain__, _itching_ and __swelling__. The signs of a
severe allergic reaction to a sting include _difficulty breathing__, _tightness in the chest_,
_swelling of the mouth, tongue or throat_, and _dizziness/nausea_.
To care for an insect sting, you should:
1. If the stinger is embedded, remove it as quickly as possible by brushing away with the
hand, scraping with fingernail, or scraping with credit card. Do not use tweezers.
2. Wash the area with soap and water.
3. Apply ice or a cold pack over the area.
4. Apply hydrocortisone cream to relieve swelling and itching.
5. Observe the victim for signs of a severe allergic reaction. Call 9-1-1 if signs develop. If
the victim has a prescribed auto-injector, help them use it.
Spider Bites
 Black Widow spiders: females have a red hourglass shape on the abdomen,
antivenin can provide relief.
 Brown Recluse spiders: have a violin shaped figure on their backs, results in a red
blister and bull’s-eye pattern, leads to a scab and an ulcer.
To care for ALL spider bites:
1. If possible, catch the spider to confirm its identity.
2. Wash the bitten area with soap and water.
3. Apply ice or a cold pack over the bite to relieve pain.
4. Seek medical care.
To care for a tick bite:
1. Remove the tick with tweezers or a specialized tick removal tool. Grasp the tick as close
to the skin as possible and lift the tick with enough force to “tent” the skin’s surface. Hold
it in this position until the tick lets go.
2. Wash the area with soap and water or use an antiseptic.
3. Apply ice or a cold pack to reduce pain.
4. Seek medical care if the tick was attached for a few hours. Watch for signs of a
transmitted disease such as a rash, fever, muscle and joint aches, or weakness.
Marine Animal Injuries
The three types of marine animals that bite, rip or puncture are:
__sharks___ __barracudas___ __moray eels___
To care for marine animal bites, rips and punctures:
1. Control any bleeding.
2. Care for shock.
3. Call 9-1-1.
The two types of marine animals that sting are:
__jellyfish__ __Portuguese man-of-war___
To care for marine animal stings:
1. Carefully pick off any tentacles remaining on the skin. Use gloves if available.
2. Apply vinegar to jellyfish stings to neutralize nematocysts.
3. Immerse the affected part in hot water as soon as possible.
4. Seek medical care.
How do stingrays inflict wounds on victims? What do the wounds look like?
-Stingrays usually inflict injuries on the ankles or the feet of the victim when
they get stepped on. There is a laceration caused by the large tail barb with intense
burning pain.
First Aid, CPR and AED
Chapter 16 p. 94-97
Name: _________________________
Date/Block: _____________________
Heat Emergencies
Condition
Heat __________
Heat ____________
Heat ___________
Definition
Painful muscle
spasms, often after
physical exertion.
Usually in the
________________
________________,
sometimes
abdomen.
Condition caused by
the loss of the
body’s water and
salt through
excessive sweating;
usually affects those
who do not drink
enough fluids while
________________,
and those not
acclimated to hot,
humid conditions.
What to look for
Cramped muscles
Pain
Heavy sweating
Severe Thirst
Weakness
Headache
Nausea/Vomiting
Steps of care
1. Stop activity and
rest in cool area.
2. Stretch and
massage muscle.
3. Provide
_________ or
sports drink.
1. Stop activity and
rest in cool area.
2. Remove excess or
tight clothing.
3. Provide water or
sports drink.
Seek medical care
4. Lay victim down.
for children and frail 5. Apply cool packs
adults.
to ______________
________________.
DO/DO NOT place
6. Seek medical care
victim in an ice bath if no improvement
after 30 minutes.
Life-threatening
Extremely hot skin
1. Call 9-1-1.
condition where the Dry skin (maybe
2. Cool the victim
body becomes
sweaty)
immediately by
dangerously
Confusion
whatever means
overheated. Body’s Seizures
possible:
heat regulating
Unresponsiveness
function does not
work properly, and
body cannot
3. If unresponsive
_____________.
and not breathing,
begin CPR.
Cold Emergencies
Condition
________________
Definition
Tissue damage
caused by extreme
cold, only happens
when temperatures
drop below freezing
(32oF)
Usually affects:
Dangerous condition
caused by severe
exposure to cold in
which the body
temperature drops
below 95oF.
What to look for
White, waxy-looking
skin
Skin feels cold and
numb (pain at first
followed by
numbness)
_______________,
which may appear
after rewarming.
Steps of care
1. Move the victim
to a warm place.
2. Remove wet/cold
clothing and jewelry
from the injured
part.
3. Seek medical care.
DO/DO NOT rub or
massage frostbitten
area.
Uncontrollable
1. Get the victim out
shivering
of the cold.
2. Prevent heat loss
________________
Confusion,
by:
sluggishness
Cold skin even under Can develop
clothing
3. Have victim rest in
___________ or
comfortable position
____________.
4. Give warm, sugary
beverages if victim is
alert and able to
swallow.
5. Seek medical care
for severe cases.
Prepare appropriately for hot and cold weather by following these guidelines:
For a HOT environment
For a COLD environment
First Aid, CPR and AED
Chapter 17 p. 98-103
Name: _________________________
Date/Block: _____________________
Water Rescue
To attempt a water rescue, use “__________, ___________, __________, _______.”
Ice Rescue
True/False: To rescue a victim who has fallen through ice, use a pole or throw a line with
an inflatable object attached to it and pull the person towards the shore or edge of ice
once they grab hold.
Electrical Emergency Rescue
Most indoor electrocutions are caused by __________________________________ or
____________________________________________________________________.
Before touching a victim, turn off the electricity at the __________________________,
_______________________ or ___________________________________________.
Hazardous Materials, Car Crashes, and Fires
Clues that indicate the presence of Hazardous Materials are:
1. Signs on vehicles (see warning sign slide)
2. Spilled liquids or solids
3. Strong, unusual odors
4. Clouds of vapor
When approaching a motor vehicle crash:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
To assist victims when a fire is present:
1.
2.
3.
4.
What is a confined space? List 3 examples of confined spaces
To assist a victim in a confined space:
1. Call 9-1-1.
2. Check motionless victims first. Do not enter without proper training and equipment.
3. Once the victim is removed, provide care.
Triage
Define triage:
When identifying victims who need immediate care, start by asking all victims who can
walk to get up and move to a specific area. Then, check all _____________________
victims for breathing and severe bleeding. Enlist bystanders to assist in opening airways
or applying direct pressure to wounds. RAPIDLY move to the next victim. Do not spend
more than ________ seconds at each victim. Once you have tended to the most severely
wounded, go back and reassess for less serious injuries. Continue providing care until
relieved by EMS.
Classify victims according to the following care and transportation priorities:
Immediate Care:
Delayed Care:
Walking Wounded:
Dead:
When should you attempt to move a victim?