Bio 405
GALE 2
Atoms Part 2
Assessment:
Students will be given several substances, which include, sand, dink mix, lemon juice,
prepared household ammonia, vinegar, liquid soap, and shampoo, tap water, baking soda
(aq), white vinegar, corn syrup (aq). They will also bring in a liquid from home to see the
results. They will determine the difference between mixture and solution. They will look at
acid, bases, and figure, which substance is which.
Learning Goal:
Students will be able to show chemical reactions, the difference between solutions and
mixtures. They will have a basic understanding of acid and bases. This is a background to
feature lessons.
Learning Experience:
The students will have an opening exercise that will have them explore what they know
about compounds, mixtures/solutions and acid and bases. This will also have them show
what they want to learn about compounds, mixtures/solutions, acid, and bases. They then
will be broken up into groups of two, to work on a lab. They will choose what section they
have more interest on (acid/base or mixture/solution) and then they will teach to another
group.
Instructional Objectives:
1) Students will identify important properties of chemical reactions by filling in a worksheet
that goes along with their assigned reading on chemistry.
2) Students will show learn how to identify acids and bases using common household
substances as pH indicators as part of a lab activity. Students will demonstrate their
proficiency by identifying the pH of an unknown with an accuracy of + or – 1.0.
3) By working with various solutes and investigating their reaction when mixed with water
in a classroom lab situation, students will be able to describe the difference between a
mixture and a solution.
Benchmarks
 A living cell is composed of a small number of chemical elements mainly carbon,
hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, and sulfur. Carbon, because of its small size
and four available bonding electrons, can join to other carbon atoms in chains and rings
to form large and complex molecules
Bio 405
This will teach the students what a chemical reaction is and what are some types of reactions are.
This activity will teach the student and let them explore what an acid and base is; it will have
them experiment with mixtures and solutions. This will all deal with chemical reaction to
understand how things are acid or base or how to make a solution.
Students will all perform the chemical reaction part, but will be able to choose between the acid
and base or the mixture and solutions.
Chemical Reaction
Directions: Using your book answer the following questions about Chemical reaction
1. What is a chemical reaction?
A chemical Reaction occurs when bonds are broken or formed. This will create different
substances.
2. What makes chemical reactions to work?
The moving of electrons in bonds from compounds to form other compounds
3. How are chemical reactions written out and why is it important to be able to write them out.
They are written out by what goes in and what comes out. It shows what happens to the
elements or compounds.
4. Why are chemical reactions important to organism?
Chemical Reactions occur inside cells. These reactions make it possible for organism to
function
Acid and Base
Students will be given lemon juice, prepared household ammonia, liquid soap, and shampoo, tap
water, distilled water, baking soda (aq), white vinegar, corn syrup (aq), and liquid from home.
The color indicator we will use is the juice of a red cabbage.
Directions:
1. Make predictions of whether it will be an acid, base or neutral.
2. Place one dropper of each solution into separate test tubes to be tested. Make sure to label
them. Record the color in the table.
3. Then place one dropper of cabbage juice into each test tube. Record the resulting color in the
table.
Lab Results Recording Table
SOLUTION
SUBSTANCE
PREDICTION
(ACID, BASE,
NEUTRAL)
COLOR
AFTER
ADDING
ACID/BASE/NEUTRAL?
Bio 405
AGENT
(Cabbage Juice)
Tap Water
Pink
Acid
Distilled Water
purple
Neutral
Baking Soda (Aq)
Blue/Green
Base
White Vinegar
Pink
Acid
Liquid Soap (Aq)
Pink
Acid
Corn Syrup (Aq)
Pink
Acid
Ammonia
Blue/Green
Base
Shampoo
Blue/Green
Base
Lemon Juice
Pink
Acid
4. Tell whether the solution is acid or base determined by the color.
 The solutions that show no change of color are neither acids nor bases, and can be
generally thought of as having a neutral pH.
 Solution substances that turn the cabbage juice color indicator pink are acidic.
 Solution substances that turn the cabbage juice color indicator blue or green are basic.
Questions:
1) Were the results different from expected?
The answer may very but it gets them thinking about what they thought and what they got.
2) What defines an Acid?
The formation of H+ ions when a substance mixed in water.
3) What defines a Base?
The formation of OH- ions when a substance mixed in water.
4) Show a chemical equation for an acid and base reaction
Bio 405
Base: NaOH + H2O -> Na+ + OH- + H2O
Acid: HCl + H2O -> H+ + Cl- + H2O
Mixtures and Solutions
Students will be given sugar, sand, and dink mix.
Directions: follow the steps and the questions
1) Mixing the sugar and sand, what is seen? They mix and you can see the difference.
2) Are they mixable? Yes, they mix pretty well.
3) What can be done to split them up? Mixing the mixture in water. The sugar will dissolve
and the sand will not.
4) Mixing the sugar, and drink mix, what happens? They mix and you can see the difference
5) What is the difference between this and the sugar and sand? They look about the same but
the colors. They both mix together well.
6) What happens when they are put in water and mixed? They do not come apart they both
dissolved.
7) Explain the difference between the two mixings. You can see the two elements before they
were both mixed in water.
8) Define Mixture. A combination of substances in which the individual components retain its
own properties
9) Define Solution. A mixture in which one or more substances are distributed evenly in and
other substance.
10) What is the difference between mixture and solution? A mixture can be separated, where as
a solution cannot be separated.
Bio 405
Name:
Date:
Period:
Chemical Reactions with Acid and Base and Mixtures and Solutions
Chemical Reaction
Directions: Using your book answer the following questions about Chemical reaction
1. What is a chemical reaction?
2. What makes chemical reactions to work?
3. How are chemical reactions written out and why is it important to be able to write them out.
4. Why are chemical reactions important to organism?
Acid and Base
Directions:
1. Make predictions of whether it will be an acid, base or neutral.
2. Place one dropper of each solution into separate test tubes to be tested. Make sure to label
them. Record the color in the table.
3. Then place one dropper of cabbage juice into each test tube. Record the resulting color in the
table.
Bio 405
Lab Results Recording Table
Name____________
SOLUTION
SUBSTANCE
PREDICTION
(ACID, BASE,
NEUTRAL)
Date _______________
COLOR
AFTER
ADDING
AGENT
ACID/BASE/NEUTRAL?
(Cabbage Juice)
Tap Water
Distilled Water
Baking Soda (Aq)
White Vinegar
Liquid Soap (Aq)
Corn Syrup (Aq)
Ammonia
Shampoo
Lemon Juice
4. Tell whether the solution is acid or base determined by the color.
 The solutions that show no change of color are neither acids nor bases, and can be
generally thought of as having a neutral pH.
 Solution substances that turn the cabbage juice color indicator pink are acidic.
 Solution substances that turn the cabbage juice color indicator blue or green are basic.
Bio 405
Questions:
1. Were the results different from expected.
2. What defines an Acid?
3. What defines a Base?
4. Show a chemical equation for an acid and base reaction
Mixtures and Solutions
Directions: follow the steps and the questions
1. Mixing the sugar and sand, what is seen?
2. Are they mixable?
3. What can be done to split them up?
4. Mixing the sugar, and drink mix, what happens?
5. What is the difference between this and the sugar and sand?
6. What happens when they are put in water and mixed?
7. Explain the difference between the two mixings
8. Define Mixture.
9. Define Solution
10. What is the difference between mixture and solution?