Chap. 3 L-1
-cells- parts of an organism
-cell theory- theory that all things made of cells
-Unicellular- made of one cell
-Multicellular-two or more cells
-tissue-group of similar cells
-organ- different kind of tissue that work together
-organ system-group of many organs-major function
L-2
-cell wall-rigid layer that surrounds plant cell
-cytoskeleton-gives cells their shape
-cell membrane- outside boundary separate cell
-nucleus-control center of cell
-cytoplasm-region between cell membrane
-mitochondria-powerhouse of cell
-endoplasmic reticulum-help form proteins
-ribosome-produce proteins
-Golgi body-cell’s “mail” room
-chloroplasts-capture energy form sun
-vacuole-water filled sac
-lysosomes-break down materials of cell
L-3
-compound-made up of 2 or more elements
-carbohydrate-energy-rich organic compound
-lipids-energy rich organic compounds
-protein-large organic molecules
-amino acids-protein made up of smaller molecules
-enzyme-speeds up chemical reaction
-nucleic acids-organic molecules
-DNA-Deoxyribonucleic acid
-RNA-Ribonucleic acid
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L-4
-selectively permeable-some substances can pass
-diffusion-higher to lower concentration
-osmosis-diffusion of water molecules
-passive transport-movement of dissolved mater.
-active transport-movement use cellular energy
Chap. 4 L-1
-photosynthesis-plants make their own food
-autotroph-thing that can make own food
-heterotroph-thing that can’t make own food
-pigment-colored chemical compounds
-chlorophyll-photosynthetic pigment
-stomata-small opening on underside of plant
L-2
-respiration-cells obtain energy from glucose
-fermentation-energy releasing protein
L-3
-cell cycle-cycle or growth and division in cells
-interphase-period before cell division
-replication-and exact copy
-mitosis-stage nucleus divides into two nuclei
-chromosomes-double rod structure
-cytokinesis-final stage in cell cycle
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L-4
-differentiation-cells change structure
-stem cells-these differentiate through life
Chap. 5 L-1
-heredity-passing of physical traits
-trait-different form of characteristic
-genetics-scientific study of heredity
-fertilization-egg and sperm join
-purebred-offspring that has same trait
-gene-factor that control trait
-alleles-different form of gene
-dominant allele-trait always shows up
-recessive allele-hidden, dominant present
-hybrid-organism 2 different alleles
L-2
-probability-predict results of event
-Punnett square-chart that show outcome
-phenotype-physical appearance
-genotype-genetic makeup
-homozygous-same alleles
-heterozygous-different alleles
-codominance-inheritance pattern
L-3
-sexual repro.-creates new organism
-diploid-two sets of chromosomes
-meiosis-chromosomes reduced to half
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L-4
Chap.6 L-1
-Messenger RNA-copies coded message
-transfer RNA-carries amino acids
-mutation-change in gene or chromosome
-multiple alleles-three or more forms a gene
-sex chromosomes-23 pairs in each cell
-sex-linked genes-X, Y chromosome
-carrier-one recessive, dominant allele
L-2
-genetic disorder-abnormal condition
-pedigree-chart of family tree
-karyotype-picture of all chromosomes
L-3
-selective breeding-selecting organism
-inbreeding-cross two that are same
-hybridization-cross two that are different
-clone-same exact replica
-genetic engineering- transferred from one
to other
-gene therapy-correct human disorders
-genome-all DNA-one organism
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Chap. 16 L-1
-Endocrine glands-produce,release
chemical products
-hormone-signal activities of body
-target cells-recognize hormone structure
-hypothalamus-tiny part of brain
-pituitary gland-communicate hypothalamus
-negative feedback-type of signal
L-2
-egg-female sex cell
-sperm-male sex cell
-testes-sperm are produced
-scrotum-external pouch of skin
-testosterone-hormone control physical
-semen-mixture of sperm cells,fluids
-penis-male repro. System
-urethra-a tube through penis
-ovaries-female repro. System
-estrogen-hormone of female body
-fallopian tubes-passageway for egg
-uterus-hollow muscular organ
-vagina-leads to outside body
-menstrual cycle-monthly cycle stages
-follicle-grouping of cells
-ovulation-an egg is released
-menstruation-extra blood tissue, removed
L-3
-embryo-8th week developed human
-fetus-9th week developed human
-amniotic sac-fluid-filled sac
-placenta-develops fetal tissue
-umbilical cord-ropelike structure
-adolescence-children mature into adults
-puberty-period to be able to reproduce
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Endocrine System
Reproductive System
-produces chemicals that control
many of the bodies daily activities
as well as growth/development
-negative feedback; when a
particular hormone gets to a specific
level the ES stops the release of that
hormone
-> eggs
-> sperm
Chap. 7 L-1
-species-a group of similar organisms
-fossil-preserved remains,traces of organism
-adaptation-trait that helps organisms survive
-evolution-change over time in species
-scientific theory-well tested concept that
explains many theories
-natural selection-individuals better adapted to
their environment
-variation-difference between same species
L-2
-comparative anatomy-comparison of different
structures
-homologous-same structure
-mold-hollow area in sediment in shape
-cast-solid copy of shape organism
-petrified fossils-minerals replace organism
-trace fossils-evidence of activites-organism
-Paleontologists-scientists who study fossils
-gradualism-hypothesis
-punctuated equilibria-accounts gaps-fossil
L-3
-habitat-organism’s home, environment
-extinct-no more species alive
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