FLACSO, México.
Marzo, 2015
Seminario: Metodología Cualitativa en Ciencia Política
Dra. Mariana Chudnovsky
Sesión 1: Jueves 5/03 15hs
Sesión 2: Miércoles 11/03 15hs
Sesión 3: Viernes 13/03 15hs
Sesión 4 (optativa para discusión de investigaciones): Martes 17/03 15hs.
*Primera Sesión
Temas:



-
Inferencia causal en diseños de investigación cualitativos (o small- n).
Configuraciones
causales
(bases
conceptuales
del
“QCA”
:
http://www.u.arizona.edu/~cragin/fsQCA/ ).
Variables (“outcomes”) de larga duración, cadenas causales, coyunturas críticas y
análisis de pocos casos y muchas variables.
Literatura:
Paul Pierson (2004) “Long Term Processes” en Politics in Time, Princeton University Press.
Capítulo 3, páginas 79-96.
Rihoux & Ragin (2009). Configurational Comparative Methods. Qualitative Comparative
Analysis and Related Techniques, Sage. Capítulos 1 y páginas 1 a 32 del Capítulo 2.
Recomendada:
a) Sobre cómo pensar lo cuali:
-Bennet (2002) "Perestroika" Lost: Why the Latest "Reform" Movement in Political Science
Should Fail”. Political Science and Politics, Vol. 35, pp. 177-179.
- Mahoney & Goertz (2006). “A tale of Two Cultures: Contrasting Quantitative and Qualitative
Research”, Political Analysis.
- Brady, Henry E., David Collier, and Jason Seawright (2006) “Toward a Pluralistic Vision of
Methodology”, Political Analysis 14:353-368.
-Sotomayor (2008) “Los métodos cualitativos en la ciencia política contemporánea: Avances,
agendas y retos”. VOLUMEN XV · NÚMERO 1 · PP. 159-179 , Política y gobierno.
b) El Análisis Histórico: El Rol del Tiempo, la Historia y las Secuencias. Path Dependence y
Retroalimentación Positiva (Positive Feedback):
- Mahoney, James and Dietrich Rueschemeyer (Eds.), Comparative Historical Analysis in the
Social Sciences (Cambridge Studies in Comparative Politics) (Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press, 2003). Capítulo 5: Paul Pierson, “Big, Slow-Moving, and… Invisible: Macrosocial
Processes in the Study of Comparative Politics”.
- Mahoney, James and Dietrich Rueschemeyer (Eds.), Comparative Historical Analysis in the
Social Sciences (Cambridge Studies in Comparative Politics) (Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press, 2003). Capítulos 4, 9 y 10.
1
- Thelen, Kathleen, “Historical Institutionalism in Comparative Politics”, Annual Review of
Political Science 1999 (2):369-404, 1999.
- Collier, David, “Comparative-Historical Analysis: Where Do We Stand?”, APSA-CP
Newsletter 9(2): 1-5, 1998.
- Brady, Henry E. and David Collier, eds., Rethinking Social Inquiry: Diverse Tools, Shared
Standards (Lenham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2004).
- Pierson, Paul, “Increasing Returns, Path Dependence, and the Study of Politics”, The American
Political Science Review, 94(2): 251-267, 2000.
- Falleti, Tulia G., “Theory-Guided Process-Tracing in Comparative Politics: Something Old,
Something New”, APSA-CP Newsletter 17(1): 9-14, 2006.
- Agar, Michael, “Toward an Ethnographic Language”, American Anthropologist, New Series
84(4): 779-795, 1982.
- Agar, Michael, Speaking of Ethnography (Beverly Hills, CA: Sage, 1986).
-Referencias de aplicaciones en papers:
- Falleti, Tulia, “Una Teoría Secuencial de la Descentralización: Argentina y Colombia en
Perspectiva Comparada,” Desarrollo Económico, Vol. 46, No. 183, Octubre-Diciembre 2006,
317-51.
- Bunce, Valerie, “Domestic Reform and International Change: The Gorbachev Reforms in
Historical Perspective”, International Organization Vol. 47, No. 1, 1993, pp. 107-138.
***
*Segunda Sesión
Temas:
 La comparación como función explicativa.
 Complejidad causal, mecanismos causales y contexto.
 Técnicas de análisis entre e intra casos.
Literatura:
- Rihoux & Ragin (2009). Configurational Comparative Methods. Qualitative Comparative
Analysis and Related Techniques, Sage. Capítulos 1 y páginas 1 a 32 del Capítulo 2.
- Falleti, Tulia y Julia Lynch (2009): Context and Causal Mechanism in Political Analysis en
Comparative Political Studies. Vol. 42, No. 9.
Recomendada:
a) Estudios de caso:
-George, Alexander L. and Andrew Bennett, Case Studies and Theory Development in the Social
Sciences, (Cambridge: MIT Press, 2004), Capítulo 1, pp. 3-36.
- Collier, David and James Mahoney, “Insights and Pitfalls: Selection Bias in Qualitative
Research,” World Politics 49(1): 56-91, 1996.
- Eckstein, Harry, “Case Study and Theory in Macro-Politics,” pp. 79-138, en: Fred I. Greenstein
and Nelson W. Polsby, eds., Handbook of Political Science, vol. 7, Strategies of Inquiry
(Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1975).
- Bennett, Andrew, and Colin Elman, “Qualitative Research: Recent Developments in Case Study
Methods” Annual Review of Political Science 9, 2006, pp.455–76.
- Gerring, John, “What Is a Case Study and What Is It Good for?”, American Political Science
Review 98(2): 341-354, 2004.
2
- Geddes, Barbara, “How the Cases You Choose Affect the Answers You Get: Selection Bias in
Comparative Politics,” pp. 131-149 en: Stimson, James, ed., Political Analysis (Ann Arbor:
University of Michigan Press, 1990).
- Coppedge, Michael, “Thickening Thin Concepts and Theories: Combining Large N and Small
in Comparative Politics” Comparative Politics 31(4): 465-476, 1999.
- Mahoney, James and Gary Goertz, “The Possibility Principle: Choosing Negative Cases in
Comparative Research” American Political Science Review 98(4): 653-669, 2004.
- Collier, David and Steven Levitsky, “Democracy with Adjectives: Conceptual Innovation in
Comparative Research”, World Politics 49(3): 430-451, 1997.
b) Método Comparado:
- Lijphart, Arendt, “Comparative Politics and the Comparative Method,” American Political
Science Review, 65: 682-693, 1971.
- Ragin, Charles, The Comparative Method: Moving Beyond Qualitative and Quantitative
Strategies (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987) [páginas a ser determinadas].
- Brady, Henry E. and David Collier, eds., Rethinking Social Inquiry: Diverse Tools, Shared
Standards (Lenham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2004) [páginas a ser determinadas].
- APSA-CP Newsletter, “Symposium: Comparative Method in the 1990s”, 9(1): 1-31, Winter
1998.
- Collier, David, “The Comparative Method: Two Decades of Change,” pp. 7-31, en: Rustow,
Dankwart, and Kenneth Paul Erickson, eds., Comparative Political Dynamics: Global Research
Perspectives (New York: Harper Collins, 1991).
- Brady, Henry E., David Collier, and Jason Seawright, “Toward a Pluralistic Vision of
Methodology”, Political Analysis 14:353-368, 2006.
- Tarrow, Sidney, “Bridging the Quantitative-Qualitative Divide in Political Science” The
American Political Science Review 89(2): 471-474, 1995.
- Mahoney, James and Gary Goertz, “A Tale of Two Cultures: Contrasting Quantitative and
Qualitative Research” Political Analysis 14(3): 227-249, 2006.
- Caporaso, James, “Research Design, Falsification, and the Qualitative-Quantitative Divide” The
American Political Science Review 89(2): 457-460, 1995.
- Collier, David, “Building a Disciplined, Rigorous Center in Comparative Politics”, APSA-CP
Newsletter 10(2): 1-3, 1999.
c) Ejemplos aplicados:
Ejemplos de Estudios de Caso:
- O’Donnell, Guillermo, Modernization and Bureaucratic-Authoritarianism (University of
California Press, 1973).
- Waisman, Carlos, The Reversal of Development in Argentina (Princeton: Princeton University
Press, 1987).
- Putnam, Robert, Robert Leonardi and Raffaella Nanetti, Making Democracy Work: Civic
Traditions in Modern Italy (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993).
- Mainwaring, Scott, Rethinking Party Systems in the Third Wave of Democratization: The Case
of Brazil, (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1999).
- Skowronek, Stephen, The Politics Presidents Make: Leadership from John Adams to Bill
Clinton (Belknap Press, 1997).
- Allison, Graham and Phillip Zelikow, Essence of Decision: Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis
(Longman 2ed: 1999).
- Keohane, Robert O. and Helen V. Milner, eds., Internationalization and Domestic Politics
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), Capítulos 5-8.
3
Análisis Comparados:
- O’Donnell, Guillermo, Philippe Schmitter and Lawrence Whitehead, Transitions from
Authoritarian Rule: Comparative Perspectives, (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press,
1986).
- Skocpol, Theda, States and Social Revolutions: A Comparative Analysis of France, Russia and
China, (Harvard: Harvard University Press, 1979).
- Bates, Robert, Markets and States in Tropical Africa: The Political Basis of Agricultural
Policies, (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1981).
- Lijphart, Arend, Patterns of Democracy: Government Forms and Performance in Thirty-Six
Countries (Yale: Yale University Press, 1999).
- Whitehead, Laurence, ed., The International Dimensions of Democratization: Europe and the
Americas (Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1996).
***
*Tercera Sesión
Temas:


-Process Tracing.
Propuesta: complementar configuraciones causales para comparar entre casos con
process tracing para capturar mecanismos causales y procesos intra -casos
Literatura:
- Beach y Pedersen (2010) “Observing causal mechanisms with process-tracing methods the
Benefits of using a ‘mechanism’ understanding of causality”, Paper
Presented at The American Political Science Association annual meeting, September 25, 2010.
Recomendada (clasificada por objetivo para su utilización):
I. Libros de métodos cualitativos
(recomiendo leer en este orden)
sobre
varios
aspectos
del
process
tracing
1
1. Beach, Derek y Rasmus Brun Pedersen (2013): Process-Tracing Methods. Foundations and
Guidelines. The University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor. Completo.
2. Collier, David y Henry Brady (Eds.) (2010): Rethinking Social Inquiry. Diverse Tools, Shared
Standards. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. Capítulos 1, 9, 10, 11 y 12.
3. Blatter, Joachim y Markus Haverland (2012): Designing Case Studies. Explanatory
Approaches in Small-N Research. Palgrave Macmillan, London. Capítulos 1 y 3.
4. George, Alexander L. and Bennett, Andrew (2005): Case Studies and Theory Development in
the Social Sciences. MIT Press, Cambridge. Capítulos 7 y 10.
5. Gerring, John (2007): Case Study Research: Principles and Practices. Cambridge University
Press, Cambridge. Capítulos 2, 3 y 7.
6. Goertz, Gary y James Mahoney (2012): A Tale of Two Cultures. Qualitative and Quantitative
Research in the Social Sciences. Princeton University Press, Princeton. Capítulos 7 y 8.
7. Rohlfing, Ingo (2012): Case Studies and Causal inference. An Integrative Framework.
Palgrave Macmillan, London. Capítulos 6 y 8.
II. Capítulos de libros y papers que presentan un panorama general sobre el process tracing
(recomiendo leer en este orden)
1
Los capítulos indicados se refieren exclusivamente a los temas referidos a process tracing ya que estos
libros también discuten otros métodos cualitativos.
4
1. Bennett, Andrew y Jeffrey T. Checkel (2012): Process Tracing: From Philosophical Roots to
Best Practices. Simons Papers in Security and Development, No. 21/2012, School for
International Studies, Simon Fraser University.
2. Waldner, David (2012): Process tracing and causal mechanism en Harold Kincaid (Ed.): The
Oxford Handbook of Philosophy of Social Science. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
3. Bennett, Andrew (2008): Process Tracing: a Bayesian Perspective en Janet BoxSteffensmeier, Henry Brady y David Collier (Eds.): The Oxford Handbook of Political
Methodology. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
4. Mahoney, James (2010): After KKV. The New Methodology of Qualitative Research en World
Politics. Vol. 62, No. 1 (en especial páginas 123-131)
III. Papers sobre la naturaleza del tipo de evidencia que se recolecta y analiza en Process
Tracing
1. Beck, Nathaniel (2006): Is causal-process observation an oxymoron? en Political Analysis.
Vol. 14, No. 3.
2. Collier, David, Henry Brady y Jason Seawright (2006): Toward a pluralistic vision of
methodology en Political Analysis. Vol. 14, No. 3.
3. Beck, Nathaniel (2010): Causal Process ‘‘Observation’’: Oxymoron or (Fine) Old Wine en
Political Analysis en Political Analysis. Vol. 18, No. 4.
4. Collier, David, Henry Brady y Jason Seawright (2010): Outdated Views of Qualitative
Methods: Time to Move On en Political Analysis. Vol. 18, No. 4.
IV. Papers específicos sobre los “test” que se utilizan en process tracing para juzgar el “valor
probatorio” de las “Causal Processes Observations”
(recomiendo leer en este orden)
1. Collier, David (2011 a): Understanding Process Tracing en Political Science and Politics. Vol.
44, No 4.
2. Mahoney, James (2012): The logic of Process tracing test in the social sciences en
Sociological Methods & Research. Vol. 41, No. 4.
3. Zaks, Sherry (2011): Relationships Among Rivals: Analyzing Contending Hypotheses with a
New Logic of Process Tracing. Paper presentado en the Annual Meeting of the American
Political Science Associaion, Seattle, Washington.
V. Sobre definiciones de mecanismos causales utilizadas en process tracing
(recomiendo leer en este orden)
1. Hedström, Peter (2008): Studying Mechanism to Strengthen Causal Inferences en Janet BoxSteffensmeier, Henry Brady y David Collier (Ed.): The Oxford Handbook of Political
Methodology. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
2. Hedström, Peter y Petri Ylikoski (2010): Causal Mechanisms in the Social Sciences en Annual
Review of Sociology. Vol. 36.
3. Hedström, Peter (2005): Dissecting the Social: On the Principles of Analytical Sociology.
Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Capítulo 2.
4. Gerring, John (2007): The Mechanismic Worldview: thinking inside the box en British Journal
of Political Science. Vol. 38.
5. Gerring, John (2009): Causal Mechanism: Yes, but…, disponible en
http://blogs.bu.edu/jgerring/files/2013/06/CausalMechanisms_Extended.pdf
5
6. Elster, Jon. 2007. Explaining Social Behavior: More Nuts and Bolts for the Social Sciences.
Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Capítulo 2.
7. Falleti, Tulia y Julia Lynch (2009): Context and Causal Mechanism in Political Analysis en
Comparative Political Studies. Vol. 42, No. 9.
8. Machamer, Peter (et al) (2000): Thinking about mechanism en Philosophy of Science. Vol. 67,
No. 1.
9. Bunge, Mario (1997): Mechanism and Explanation en Philosophy of the Social Sciences. Vol.
27, No. 4.
10. Bunge, Mario (2004): How Does It Work?: The Search for Explanatory Mechanisms en
Philosophy of the Social Sciences. Vol. 34, No. 2.
VI. Algunos ejemplos y ejercicios:
1.
Collier,
David
(2010):
Process
Tracing:
Introduction
and
Exercises.
http://dmeforpeace.org/sites/default/files/Collier_Process%20Tracing.pdf
2. Collier, David (2011 b): Teaching Process Tracing: Examples and Exercises en Political
Science and Politics. Vol. 44, No 4.
6