IRREGULAR VERBS
Present (aka Infinitive)
Present Participle
Past
Past Participle
A. The past participle is formed from the past.
break
breaking
broke
broken
choose
choosing
chose
chosen
freeze
freezing
froze
frozen
speak
speaking
spoke
spoken
steal
stealing
stole
stolen
tear
tearing
tore
torn
wear
wearing
wore
worn
B. The past ends in ew; the past participle ends in wn.
blow
blowing
blew
blown
draw
drawing
drew
drawn
fly
flying
flew
flown
grow
growing
grew
grown
know
knowing
knew
known
throw
throwing
threw
thrown
C. The past participle is formed from the infinitive.
arise
arising
arose
arisen
drive
driving
drove
driven
eat
eating
ate
eaten
fall
falling
fell
fallen
give
giving
gave
given
rise
rising
rose
risen
take
taking
took
taken
Present (aka Infinitive)
Present Participle
Past
Past Participle
D. All the past participles have double consonants.
bite
biting
bit
bitten
forget
forgetting
forgot
forgotten
hide
hiding
hid
hidden
ride
riding
rode
ridden
write
writing
wrote
written
E. These are the most highly irregular verbs in English. Memorize them!
be
being
was
been
do
doing
did
done
lie (to rest)
lying
lay
lain
go
going
went
gone
see
seeing
saw
seen
F. These are probably the most rhythmic verbs in English.
begin
beginning
began
begun
drink
drinking
drank
drunk
ring
ringing
rang
rung
shrink
shrinking
shrank
shrunk
sing
singing
sang
sung
sink
sinking
sank
sunk
spring
springing
sprang
sprung
swim
swimming
swam
swum
G. The infinitive and the past participle are the same.
become
becoming
became
become
come
coming
came
come
run
running
ran
run
Present (aka Infinitive)
Present Participle
Past
Past Participle
H. Notice that three forms are the same.
burst
bursting
burst
burst
cost
costing
cost
cost
hit
hitting
hit
hit
hurt
hurting
hurt
hurt
set
setting
set
set
I. Notice the ought endings in two forms.
bring
bringing
brought
brought
buy
buying
bought
bought
fight
fighting
fought
fought
seek
seeking
sought
sought
think
thinking
thought
thought
J. The past and the past participle are formed with t.
creep
creeping
crept
crept
feel
feeling
felt
felt
sleep
sleeping
slept
slept
sweep
sweeping
swept
swept
K. The past and the past participle are the same.
catch
catching
caught
caught
dig
digging
dug
dug
find
finding
found
found
feed
feeding
fed
fed
flee
fleeing
fled
fled
get
getting
got
got (gotten)
have
having
had
had
Present (aka Infinitive)
Present Participle
Past
Past Participle
lead
leading
led
led
lend
lending
lent
lent
lose
losing
lost
lost
stand
standing
stood
stood
sting
stinging
stung
stung
strike
striking
struck
struck
sit
sitting
sat
sat
swing
swinging
swung
swung
teach
teaching
taught
taught
tell
telling
told
told
hang (picture)
hanging
hung
hung
L. Notice what happens to the y of the infinitive.
lay (to put)
laying
laid
laid
pay
paying
paid
paid
say
saying
said
said
M. These regular verbs are often made irregular needlessly.
drag
dragging
dragged
dragged
prove
proving
proved
proved
sneak
sneaking
sneaked
sneaked
hang (a person)
hanging
hanged
hanged
JR 03/12