DATE
9/3
9/4
9/9
and
9/16
9/13
TABLE OF CONTENTS
THE SIZE OF STUDENT WRITING WILL DETERMINE PAGE NUMBERS
PG
TITLE
ESSENTIAL QUESTION not answered yet
FOCUS QUESTIONS not answered yet
EARTH’S ENERGY
MOVIE PROCESSES OF PHYSICAL EROSION
Notes igneous rock
Notes sedimentary rock
Notes metamorphic rock
SKIP PAGES TO MIDDLE
SECTION
SECTION TITLE GEOGRAPHY4KIDS
EARTH’S ENERGY
ABOUT THE EARTH
SKIP TO LAST PAGE VOC
WORKS TOWARDS THE
FRONT
1. QUALITATIVE
2. QUANTITATIVE
3. INDUCTIVE REASONING
4. DEDUCTIVE REASONING
5. INFERENCE
6. POTENTIAL ENERGY
7. KINETIC ENERGY
8. RADIATION
9 weathering
10 erosion
11 deposition
12 uplifting
13
14
15
16
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21
22
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31
EARTH HISTORY NOTES
9/3 ESSENTIAL QUESTION:
How have Earth processes changed the formation of the Earth over geologic time?
9/4 Focus Questions
What features make up the Earth?
How are the Earth's features formed?
How has Earth Changed over time?
How old is the Earth?
9/9 AND 9/16 EARTH’S ENERGY
1. What element (a metal) makes up the outer core of the earth? Iron and nickel that is
super heated
2. Is the outer core liquid or solid? liquid
3. What is energy? The ability to do work, cause motion, and change
4. What is heat? Transfer of energy to matter
9/13 Movie “Weathering and Erosion”
PROCESSES OF PHYSICAL EROSION
1 Abrasion wearing away the surface sediments by contact
2 Frost ice wedging by expansion and contraction
3 Insolation or Thermal Expansion by extreme temperature variances
4 Slaking cyclic wetting and drying
5 Burrowing by animals
6 Wedging by roots not fungi or lichen they go in chemical weathering erosion
7 Water other than runoff like rain
8 Run off water on or in the land flows the path of least resistance and carries sediments
9 Mass Wasting by gravity mud slides
10 Deflation by wind dust storms
9/16 GEOGRAPHY4KIDS QUIZ 3 “Breaking Apart Earth”
1 If the densest matter moved toward the center of the earth, then how does the mantle (inner
and outer mantle) make up 2/3 the mass of the earth?
2. Create using COLORED PENCILS Draw the picture SHOWING layers from inner to the outer
and show density of layers
3. Label and Define Drawing UPPER MANTLE
- Lithosphere (Sial and Sima)
- Asthenosphere (Molten Rock River)
- Mesosphere
LOWER MANTLE
OUTER CORE (Liquid Iron and Nickel)
INNER CORE (Solid Iron Compounds)

9/20

HIGHLIGHTED GRAPHIC ORGANIZER OF IGNEOUS ROCK WORKSHEET 13 AND 14

LITHOSPHERE (LITHO MEANS ROCK AND SPHERE)
o Crust, thin
o Mostly granite and basalt make up most of mixture composition of rocks
 TEXTURES
o Discrete or one type of mineral – course grains – gypsum, quartz, calcite
o Not discrete one or more than one type of mineral – glassy
o Or organic – living matter – coal
 LUSTER
o Bright, Shiny, Dull

3 CATAGORIES OF ROCK (mostly made of feldspar or quartz)
o IGNEOUS
 INTRUSIVE – magma- cools slower – larger crystals
 Granite, syenite, peridotite, gabbro, diorite
 EXTRUSIVE- lava-fissures (cracks in the crust) cools quicker – smaller
crystals
 Basalt and rhyolite
 Tossed lava no crystals glass like obsidian (volcanic glass)
 Tossed lava that is bubbling still has holes (pumice or scoria)
 Granite INTRUSIVE COURSE GRAINS most abundant most of the continent
is made of some of granite in mixtures- HALF DOME MT IN YOSEMITE NP,
CA USED IN BUIDLINGS AND MONUMENTS
 SYENITE, DIORITE, PEGMATITE
 EXTRUSIVE IGNEOUS
o Obsidian –dark black-glass like rapid cooling lava
o Pumice – light gray to white – floats- gas holes from bubbling lava
that cooled so fast
o Basalt – dark gray – fine grained texture – HI
Sedimentary Notes 9/25
1. Sedimentary rocks are made from
sediments AND FORMED by natural
cement
2. Sediments include plants & animal
remains, and chemicals
3. Three classes –
1 Mechanical – (EXAMPLES
conglomerates , sandstone, shale)
weathering and erosion
(RUNNING WATER, GLACIERS,
WIND, GRAVITY, CURRENTS)
a. MOST SEDIMENTS ARE
DEPOSITED IN SHALLOW
WATERS
i. SHALLOW WATERS ARE
NEAR SHORE LINES
CONTINENTAL SHELVES –
SHALLOW AREAS ALONG THE
CONTINENTAL COASTS
Velocity of Flowing Water
4. River meets lake or ocean & velocity
decreases
5. Velocity decreases so carrying capacity
decreases
6. Heavy sediments fall out first
7. Then sand deposits
a. Heavy sediments and sand must be
cemented together
i. Natural cements are silica, lime,
hematite, and limonite in water
ii.
8. Then silt and clay deposit
9. Buildup along the continental shelf and
hardening makes sedimentary rocks
10.
2 ,Organic – dead plants and
animals
3 Chemical – minerals in water that
evaporates compact and
compress
MECHANICAL SEDIMENTARY ROCK
FORMATION
CONGLOMERATESANDSTONE
SHALE
ORGANIC SEDIMENTARY ROCK
LIMESTONE
COQUINA
CHALK
COAL
BITUMINOUS
ANTHRACITE
CHEMICAL SEDIMETNARY ROCK
Metamorphic Notes
GEOGRAPHY4KIDS MIDDLE SECTION
USE CORNELL METHOD: ALL ANSWERS MUST BE WRITTEN: CIRCLE CORRECT ANSWER
9/3 BIOLOGY4KIDS REVIEW KINGDOMS FROM LAST YEAR
9/4 BIOLOGY4KIDS REVIEW SCIENTIFIC METHOD FROM LAST YEAR
QUIZ 1 GEOGRAPHY4KIDS EARTH’S ENERGY 10 ?
9/9 QUIZ 2 GEOGRAPY4KIDS ABOUT THE EARTH 10 ?
QUIZ 3 IN NOTES SECTION (NO ONLINE QUIZ-NOT DONE USING CORNELL)
VOCABULARY
(LAST PAGE WORKING TOWARDS FRONT OF NOTEBOOK)
1. qualitative ANSWERS BASED ON OBSERVATIONS
2. quantitative ANSWERS BASED ON QUANTITY OR NUMBERS
3. inductive reasoning THE THEORY IS BASED ON A PREMISE MADE FROM KNOWN FACTS. Clues
are an example of inductive reasoning. They are facts, like in a crime or mystery, and are used
to form a conclusion. Inductive reasoning uses observations, facts, and inferences to form a
logical conclusion. GENERALLY, INDUCTIVE REASONING MOVES FROM THE SUPPORTS TO THE
CONCLUSION WHEN PRESENTING AN ARGUMENT.
4. deductive reasoning THE THEORY OR OUTCOME IS BASED ON PREMISES THAT THROUGH
EXPERMENTATION (CAN BE QUALITATIVE OR QUANTITATIVE) FORM A CONCLUSION. The
conclusion is known and then evidence is looked for to logically support the conclusion.
AN EASY WAY TO REMEMBER AND MORE ON INDUCTIVE AND DEDUCTIVE REASONING
Inductive: Evidence · Conclusion (IEC)
Deductive: Conclusion · Evidence (DCE)
5. inference-A logical explanation or answer based on prior knowledge, proven facts, laws,
and/or tested theories know to be true and accurate at the time
6. POTENTIAL ENERGY – stored energy while at rest and
7. KINETIC ENERGY – energy while in motion or doing work
8 weathering
9 erosion
10 deposition
11 uplifting
12
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