УПРАВЛІННЯ ОСВІТИ І НАУКИ
ЛУГАНСЬКОЇ ОБЛДЕРЖАДМІНІСТРАЦІЇ,
НАВЧАЛЬНО—МЕТОДИЧНИЙ ЦЕНТР ПРОФТЕХОСВІТИ
У ЛУГАНСЬКОЇ ОБЛАСТІ,
ДНЗ «СЄВЄРОДОНЕЦЬКЕ ВИЩЕ ПРОФЕСІЙНЕ УЧИЛИЩЕ»
КОНКУРС
НА КРАЩУ АВТОРСЬКУ РОЗРОБКУ МІСЯЦЯ
ПОРТАЛА «УЧИТЕЛЬСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ ОН-ЛАЙН»
МЕТОДИЧНА РОЗРОБКА УРОКУ
АНГЛІЙСЬКОЇ МОВИ
за темою:
“THEY WERE THE FIRST”
(about famous modern inventions, scientists and inventors of the world)
Розробила
Хабленко О.С.
Викладач іноземної мови
II категорії
м. Сєвєродонецьк
2013р.
1
The theme of the lesson.
They were the first.
(about famous modern inventors, scientists and inventions of the world)
Objects:
- to continue learning the theme about the development of science, achievements of
modern inventors and their inventions, their contribution to the world science;
- to rich active vocabulary by new words;
- to improve skills of reading, speaking, audition, grammar; improve skills of working
with literature and find out the information that will be useful for the future profession.
- to develop monologic and dialogic speech;
- to form pupils’ ability of using their creativeness.
-поглиблювати й удосконалювати навички мовленнєвої діяльності; вчити учнів
висловлювати свою точку зору про можливі причини винаходів;
-практикувати у діалогічному мовленні, аудіюванні та читанні; практикувати в
використанні пасивного стану;
-розвивати навички читання з повним розумінням тексту;
-вдосконалювати навички групової творчої роботи;
-залучити учнів до творчого письма;
-розвивати критичне мислення, креативне (монологічне та діалогічне) мовлення,
вміння слухати; аргументовано представляти свою точку зору;
-виховувати толерантність, гордість за досягнення людства у розвитку науки та
техніки;
-виховувати прагнення пізнавати світ та його досягнення.
Equipment: texts for reading, text for audition, slides, multimedia board.
Обладнання: ноутбук, проектор, презентації, портрети вчених,тексти для
аудіювання.
Kind of the lesson: presentation.
Plan.
(на экране)
«The inventions that shook the world.» –
«Изобретения, которые потрясли мир»
2
I. Organizing.
II. Announcement the topic and aim.
T: Look around. Computers and other technical devices have improved our life and
made it easier. What do you think we are going to talk about today?
P1. I think we‘ll learn much about the development of science.
P2. In my opinion, we‘ll learn much about the achievements of scientists and their
contribution to the world of science.
Answer the questions:
- Can we imagine our life without inventions?
- Will they change the world?
- What modern inventions do you know?
- How often do you use them?
- What are the world greatest inventions for you?
- Do inventions make our life easier?
III. Actualization.
What inventions can you name? (telephone, computer ,
internet, telegraph, telescope, space systems)
IV. Listening.
Before listening
T: What Ukrainian scientists do you know? What is their main contribution to our
economy? Who was the first president of Academy of Sciences of Ukraine? Listen to
the text and find out.
The development of science in Ukraine.
Eminent names and scientific schools
In the twentieth century, a number of renowned scientific
schools were established in Ukraine dealing with problems
of geochemistry and the natural sciences (V. Vernadsky), mechanics (S.Tymoshenko),
oriental studies (A. Krymsky), microbiology (D. Zabolotny), biology (0. Bohomolets),
chemistry (L. Pysar/hcvsky), electrical welding and bridge-building (Ye. Paton),
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physics (M. Boholiubov), cybernetics (V. Glushkov), space engineering (M. Yanhel),
etc. Ukrainian scientists andscholars can boast major achievements, such as the artificial
nuclear reaction to split the lithiumnucleus; production of heavy water; a procedure for
automatically welding lank bodies; the Europe's first computer; new areas pioneered in
metallurgy: electric metallurgy with electroslag, plasma-arc, and plasma electron-beam
remelting, development of unique rockets and spacecraft, etc.
Ukraine's Scientific Potential
Science is a major factor allowing Ukraine to be ranked among the world's advanced
countries in the twenty-first century. By the beginning of the year 2000, Ukraine's
scientific potential of Ukraine comprised 1,506 scientific institutions and organizations.
Of these, 289 were in the academic sector, 160 were institutions of higher learning,
while 964 belonged to the industry, and 93 to the factory sector. 126,000 persons are
directly engaged in research and engineering activities. These include 4,132 doctors and
over 20,000 candidates of sciences. Six state academies are leaders in Ukrainian
science: the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Ukrainian Academy of
Agricultural Science,
Academy of Medical Science, Academy of Jurisprudence, the Academy of Pedagogical
Sciences, and the Academy of Arts. The Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine
is responsible for the governmental management of scientific and scholarly activities.
The Coming Future
Ukraine is proud to comply with world scientific
standards in mathematics, mechanics, physics, computer
science, materials science, and a number of other trends
directly related to the manufacture of the high tech
science-intensive products increasingly demanded by foreign scientific institutions and
industrial firms. For instance, a unique pilot plant has been built, which simulates the
effect of outer space on spacecraft. Germany and China have purchased this plant and
the European Space Agency is using it for research purposes. Together with Pratt and
Whitney, a US aerospace firm, the Institute of Electrical Welding is developing a
procedure for producing new materials using the technique of high-speed electron-beam
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evaporation and condensation of matter in a vacuum. The Institute of Monocrystals, a
research and technical concern, supplies scintillation crystals as well as sapphire
implants and tools to research centres in the US, Japan and Switzerland for
neurosurgical and ophthalmological applications.
Researchers at the Institute for Cryobiology and Cryomcdicine have arranged
production of competitive biological preparations on request by many foreign firms.
During the years of independence, a basic advance has been made by Ukraine in the
social sciences and humanities. This contributed much to the nation's rethinking of its
centuries-long path in the historical and cultural development and today's position of
Ukraine in the context of the international and European civilizing process. This is the
fifteenth year that the Ukrainian scholars have been involved in studying the scientific,
technological, economic, medical, and social aspects with the goal of mitigating the
consequences of the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant disaster, turning the devastated
Unit 4 into an ecologically sound system, and establishing an international test field
within the affected area for investigating the impact of radiation on the environment.
Ukrainian science is making successful efforts to be integrated into the international
scientific community. Each year dozens of monographs by Ukrainian scholars are
published abroad. Many Ukrainian scientific journals are translated into foreign
languages. Under the aegis of UNESCO, an international research and educational
centre for information technologies and systems as well as international chairs of
cryobiology and physiology have been set up in Ukraine. Established in 1993, the
International Association of Academies of Sciences is playing an important role to
stimulate integration processes among Academies of Sciences of CIS countries. The
National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine headed by Academician Borys Paton, its
world-renowned President, remains the stronghold of these research institutions.
Ukrainian Space Industry
Young independent Ukraine confidently became
one of the world space states owing to its space
research and production potential.
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In February 1992, National Space Agency of Ukraine (NSAU) was established to
implement state space activities policy. Its control sphere includes about 30 production
enterprises, research organizations and design offices. The enterprises of space industry
gain great experience in development and production of modern launch vehicles,
spacecraft, engines, control and telemeter system. New materials and technologies are
being phased in, and some of them have no counterparts. Space goods and services
export increased from year to year. Currently, space
industry
restructuring
is
being
prepared
and
implemented to assure further development of
enterprises in market environment. The restructuring
provides
forming
of
favorable
business
and
investment climate, advance in rates of science
intensive production output, development of new competitive technics, increase the
quality and efficiency of production. It is planned to corporatize and incorporate stateowned companies, possibilities for establishment of international investment fund are
also considered.
So, Ukrainian space industry enters into new millenium introducing market innovation
system, which is favorable for improving investment climate and attracting investors to
mutual beneficial cooperation within joint commercial projects.
After listening
Comprehension:
a) Explain the meaning of the following words and word-combinations:
Eminent, welding, plasma-arc, to comply, launch vehicles, mitigating, electron-beam
evaporation, enterprise, counterpart.
b) Answer the questions:
- Name the renowned scientific schools, their leaders and directions of their researches.
- To your mind, does Ukraine have cientific Potential? Give proof ofyour opinion.
- Describe the future prospective of science development in Ukraine.
- What branches of Ukrainian science are the most successful?
- What are the world-known space systems, developed by Ukrainian scientists?
V. Speaking.
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T: We have some reporters prepared by our students about prominent scientists. Let‘s
listen the information.
P1. Amosov Mykola Mykhajlovich was one of the initiators of
the widespread introduction into our country surgery for diseases of
the lungs, has made a lot of new developments in this problem. His
research contributed to improving the treatment of diseases of the
lungs. In 1961, Amosov for lung surgery was awarded Lenin Prize for
the work of lung surgery.
PI: Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky first
popularized the concept of the noosphere and deepened the idea
of the biosphere to the meaning largely recognized by today's
scientific community. Volodymyr Vernadsky, for instance, was
the first President of Ukrainian Academy of Sciences. He was
the first in our country to
introduce the spectral method for the solution of geochemical problems. Vernadsky was
the founder of the modern doctrine on the biosphere.
P3: Alexander Dmitrievich Zasyadko. In 1815, Zasyadko
began his work on creating military gunpowder rockets. He
constructed rocket-launching platforms, which allowed to fire in
salvos (6 rockets at a time), and gun-laying devices. Zasyadko
elaborated a tactics for military use of rocket weaponry. In 1820,
Zasyadko was appointed head of the Petersburg Armory,
Okhtensky Powder Factory, pyrotechnic laboratory and the first
Higher Artillery School in Russia. In 1827, Zasyadko was in
charge of Artillery Headquarters of the Russian army and took part in the RussoTurkish War of 1828-1829. He organized rocket production in a special rocket
workshop and created the first rocket sub-unit in the Russian army.In 1834, Zasyadko
retired due to his illness. The crater Zasyadko on the far side of the Moon is named
after him.
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P4: Yuri Vasilievich Kondratyuk was a follower, supporter and
founder of cosmism, pioneer of astronautics and spaceflight. He was a
theoretician and a visionary who, in the early 20th century, foresaw
ways of reaching the moon. He was first put to work evaluating foreign
coal-mining machinery for the Kusbass region.
Р5: Palladin Alexander Vladimirovich Together with employees it
for the first time in the USSR there have been begun regular
experimental studying biochemistry of vitamins, as well as
development of a problem of intermediate chemical transformations in
processes of a metabolism (an endocellular carbohydrate and
phosphoric exchange). In the early works, devoted to studying kreatin,
for the first time has noted value of this substance for an organism; it
investigates formation kreatin , its communication with a carbohydrate exchange, etc.
Special values have its works in the field of biochemistry of muscular and nervous
systems. Palladin with employees biochemical distinctions of separate functionally
excellent sites of the central nervous system have been revealed; are carried out ratherbiochemical researches of fabrics of nervous system of various types of animals; the
chemical compound of fabrics of nervous system during embryo progresses of animals
are studied, etc. Palladin's researches on biochemistry of a brain are known at various
functional conditions, in particular at excitation and braking. Its works on biochemistry
of muscular activity have laid down in a basis of modern concepts of functional
biochemistry about processes of exhaustion, rest and training of a muscle, that is of
great importance for illumination of some practical questions of
physiology of work and sports.
Р6: Alexander Sergeevich Davydov was a Ukrainian physicist.
Davydov graduated from Moscow State University in 1939. In 19631990 he was Director of Institute for Theoretical Physics of the
Ukrainian Academy of Sciences.His main contributions were in
theory of absorption, scattering and dispersion of the light in
molecular crystals. In 1948, he predicted the phenomenon that is
known as Davydov splitting. In the period 1958-1960 he developed the theory of
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collective excited states in spherical and non-spherical nuclei, known as DavydovFilippov Model and Davydov-Chaban Model.
Р7: Sergey Pavlovich Korolyov was the lead
Soviet rocket engineer and spacecraft designer in the
Space Race between the United States and the Soviet
Union during the 1950s and 1960s. He is considered
by many as the father of practical astronautics. In
spite of the Soviet progress on ICBM technology, Korolev was preoccupied with the use
of rockets for space travel. In 1953 he first proposed the use of the R-7 design for
launching a satellite into orbit. He pushed his ideas with the Academy of Sciences of the
USSR, including a concept for sending a dog into space. He also had to overcome
resistance in the military and among party members.
P8: Kavetskiy Rostyslav Evgenievich. First offered treatment of
tumours by means of lasers.
P9: Stragesko Mykola Dmytrovich. First in the
world put (in 1909 together with V.P. Obraztsov),
diagnosis of thrombosis of vessels of heart.
P10: Oleg Konstantinovich Antonov
Designer, the founder of
Antonov ASTC, a world-famous aircraft
company in Ukraine, later named in his
honour. Antonov designed a large single bay biplane of
all-metal construction, with an enclosed cockpit and a
cabin with room for seats accommodating 12
passengers.
P11: Danylo Kyrylovych Zabolotny (1866-1929) was a Ukrainian
epidemiologist and the founder of the world's first research
department of epidemiology. In 1927, he published one of the first
texts in his field, Fundamentals of Epidemiology. Zabolotny
conducted groundbreaking research on a number of infectious
diseases, including cholera, diphtheria, dysentery, plague, syphilis
and typhus, as well as on gangrene.
9
P12: Eugeny Paton was a pioneer researcher of the new joining –
welding technology for the materials. In order to make welding a
reliable technological process it was necessary to conduct a
comprehensive research of the mechanics of welded structures, welding
metallurgical processes, and physics of the arc, as well as to develop
the welding equipment and tools, and consumable and new welding
techniques.
Evgeny Paton created the methods of design of rational bridge spans, investigated the
conditions of their operation, and suggested the methods to restore the damaged
bridges. He carried out the research on calculation and strength of welded structures,
mechanization of welding processes, and fundamentals of welding. He supervised the
development of the method of automatic submerged arc welding. During the World War
II Evgeny Paton supervised the design and production of the equipment and technology
of the automatic welding of special steels, tanks, bombs, etc.
T: Thank you very much for the information about famous Ukrainian people. They were
the first in their fields. And now let’s listen about scientific and technological progress
in the world.
Scientific and Technological Progress
It's difficult to overestimate the role of science and
technology in our life. They accelerate the development of
civilization and help us in our co-operation with nature.
Scientists investigate the laws of the universe, discover the
secrets of nature, and apply their knowledge in practice
improving the life of people. Let's compare our life
nowadays with the life of people at the beginning of the 20th century. It has changed
beyond recognition. Our ancestors hadn't the slightest idea of the trivial things created
by the scientific progress that we use in our everyday life. We mean refrigerators, TV
sets, computers, microwave ovens, radio telephones, what not. They would seem
miracles to them that made our life easy, comfortable and pleasant. On the other hand,
10
the great inventions of the beginning of the 20th century, radio, airplanes, combustion
and jet engines have become usual things and we can't imagine our life without them. A
century is a long period for scientific and technological progress, as it's rather rapid.
Millions of investigations the endless number of outstanding discoveries has been made.
Our century has had several names that were connected with a certain era in science and
technology. At first it was called the atomic age due to the discovery of the splitting of
the atom. Then it became the age of the conquest of space when for the first time in the
history of mankind a man overcame the gravity and entered the Universe. And now we
live in the information era when the computer network embraces the globe and connects
not only the countries and space stations but a lot of people all over the world. All these
things prove the power and the greatest progressive role of science in our life.
But every medal has its reverse. And the rapid scientific progress has aroused a number
of problems that are a matter of our great concern. These are ecological problems, the
safety of nuclear power stations, the nuclear war threat, and the responsibility of a
scientist. But still we are grateful to the outstanding men of the past and the present who
have courage and patience to disclose the secrets of the Universe.
After listening
Which statements are true and which ones are false.
True or false
1
Scientists discover new inventions.
2
We can’t imagine our life without inventions.
3
The 20-th century was called the atomic age.
4
New inventions prove the power and the
greatest progressive pole of science in our life.
Rapid scientific progress has aroused a number
of ecological problems.
It's not difficult to overestimate the role of
science and technology in our life
5
6
True
False
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T: There are many outstanding scientists and inventors all over the world, not only in
our country. They were the first in their fields. Let’s remember, what are they!
P1: Raymond Samuel Tomlinson A programmer who
implemented an email system in 1971 on the ARPANET. Email had
been previously sent on other networks
such as AUTODIN and PLATO. It was the first system able to send
mail between users on different hosts connected to the ARPAnet.
(Previously, mail could be sent only to others who used the same
computer.) To achieve this, he used the @ sign to separate the user
from their machine, which has been used in email addresses ever since.
P2: Harvey Ross Ball The irresistible smiley face
flowed from the pen of Harvey Ball, a graphic artist in
Worcester, Massachusetts. The year was 1963. Harvey
was hired by the State Mutual Life Assurance Company
to design a logo that would uplift its employees after a
company merger had hurt company morale. The logo
was to accompany a "friendship campaign" that the company came up with to
encourage employees to smile as they went about their work or interacted with
customers.
P3:
Martin Cooper
After
demonstrating
the
prototype cell phone to reporters, Cooper allowed
some of the reporters to make phone calls to anyone of
their choosing to prove that the cell phone could
function as a versatile part of the telephone network.
Cooper is considered the inventor of the first handheld cellular phone and the first
person to make a phone call in public on a handheld cell phone. Cooper and the
engineers who worked for him, and Mitchell are named on the patent "Radio telephone
system" filed on October 17, 1973.
P4: Guglielmo Marconi Father of long distance radio transmission and for his
development of Marconi's law and a radio telegraph system. Marconi, just twenty years
12
old, began his first experiments working on his own with the help of
his butler Mignani. In the summer of 1894, he built a storm alarm
made up of a battery, a coherer, and an electric bell, which went off
if there was lightning. Soon after he was able to make a bell ring on
the other side of the room by pushing a telegraphic button on a
bench
P5: Willard Sterling Boyle A Canadian physicist and co-inventor
of the charge-coupled device. On October 6, 2009, it was announced
that he would share the 2009 Nobel Prize in Physics for "the
invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit—the CCD sensor". In
1953 Boyle joined Bell Labs where he invented the first continuously
operating ruby laser with Don Nelson in 1962, and was named on
the first patent for a semiconductor injection laser. He was made director of Space
Science and Exploratory Studies at the Bell Labs subsidiary Bellcomm in 1962,
providing support for the Apollo space program and helping to select lunar landing
sites. He returned to Bell Labs in 1964, working on the development of integrated
circuits.
P6: Sir Timothy John A British computer scientist,
MIT professor and the inventor of the World Wide Web.
He made a proposal for an information management
system in March 1989 and on 25 December 1990, with
the help of Robert Cailliau and a young student at
CERN,
he
implemented
the
first
successful
communication between a Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) client and server via the
Internet. The first web site built was at CERN within the border of France, and was first
put online on 6 August 1991.
P7: Lawrence "Larry" Page and
Sergey
Mikhaylovich
American
computer
Brin
An
scientist
and
internet entrepreneur who, with
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Sergey Brin, is best known as the co-founder of Google. On April 4, 2011, he took on
the role of chief executive officer of Google, replacing Eric Schmidt. As of 2011, his
personal wealth is estimated to be $16.7 billion. He is the inventor of PageRank, which
became the foundation of Google's search ranking algorithm.
P8: Mark Elliot Zuckerberg
An American computer programmer and Internet
entrepreneur. He is best known for co-creating the social
networking site Facebook, of which he is chief executive.
It was co-founded as a private company in 2004 by
Zuckerberg and classmates Dustin Moskovitz, Eduardo
Saverin, and Chris Hughes while they were students at
Harvard University. In 2010, Zuckerberg was named
Time magazine's Person of the Year. As of 2011, his personal wealth was estimated to
be $17.5 billion making him one of the world's youngest billionaires.
T: And now let’s match the events and their scientists or inventors.
Foreign inventors and scientists
1
Google
2004, Mark Zuckerberg
2
Facebook
1998, Sergey Brin and Lawrance Page
3
Radio
1973, Martin Cooper
4
Mobile phone
1963, Harvey Ball
5
Charge-coupled device
Ray Tomilson
6
Smiley
1969, Willard Sterling Boyle
7
@ sign
1895, Guglielmo Marconi
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1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Ukrainian scientists
Military gunpowder rocket
Alexander Palladin
Pioneer of astronautics and Alexander Zasyadko
spaceflight
Experimental studying
Rostyslav Kavetskiy
biochemistry of vitamins
Theory of absorption
scattering and dispersion of
the light in molecular
crystals
Treatment of tumours by
means of lasers
Danylo Zabolotny
Founder of the world’s first
research department of
epidemiology
Researcher of the new
joining-welding technology
for the materials
Evgeny Paton
Alexander Davydov
Yuri Kondratyuk
V. Summarizing.
T: Science is a serious topic to discuss. But science may be turned both for peace and
military purpose. It can take good forms and evil forms. With the help of scientific
inventions politicians make weapons of mass destruction. But on the other hand
researches help us in our life: at home, at work, at school and make the level of the
country development higher. That's why there are a lot's
of facts telling about a great amount of well-known
scientists who had burned their works when they've
understood the consequences of their inventions.
Ukrainian scientist Igor Bohachevskyi said: “ In order
to be a success in life, you should demonstrate that you
could do something. And you should prove this with what you have already done”
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“It does not matter how slowly you go so long as you do not stop.”
Confucius
VI. Home assignment.
Write about using e-mail. Questions below will help you in your writing.
1. How did your relatives and their friends sent letters to each other in 90s?
2. What people lose and gain from e-mail?
3. How often do you send e-mail?
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