MCL TEARS
The MCL (medial collateral ligament) extends from the end of the thigh bone to
the top of the shin bone on the inside of the knee. The MCL and the ACL are the
most commonly injured ligaments in the knee. MCL injuries generally respond
well to conservative (non-surgical) treatment.
Causes of MCL tears
MCL injuries occur when a sudden force or twisting motion is applied to the
outside of the knee forcing the knee inward, causing the MCL to stretch and tear.
The foot is usually planted on the ground as this happens.
Athletes who play contact sports or who have to execute quick changes in
direction are at the highest risk for MCL injuries.
Symptoms
Symptoms depend on the severity of the injury and are classified according to
the extent of the injury. MCL injuries are classified as grade 1, grade 2 or grade
3. Symptoms include:
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Pain on the inside of the knee.
Tenderness to touch on the inside of the knee over the MCL.
Localised swelling.
Stiffness, with difficulty straightening knee fully and bending knee past 70
degrees. Generally most comfortable in 30-70 degrees of flexion.
Instability on medial side of knee. The patient complains of pain with any
lateral sideways) movement.
Initial treatment
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Rest. Use crutches, if necessary.
Apply ice packs for 15-20 minutes, 3-4 times a day, for at least the first 72
hours.
Seek physiotherapy advice re management to help brace the knee at
correct range and advise re injury recovery.
Brace should be a hinged brace, preferably with changeable angle
settings, set 30-70 degrees for first few weeks to allow ligament to heal.
See your physiotherapist who will then give you a strength program, sport
specific rehab program and time frames for return to sport.
Recovery from an MCL tear may take 4 weeks to 12 weeks to return to
sport depending on severity of injury.
How to avoid this injury
Most MCL injuries and knee ligament injuries are not avoidable, but you can
reduce your risk for an injury by following some of the suggestions below:
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Wearing athletic shoes that provide strong lateral support.
Do adequate preseason and strength training.
Work with a knowledgeable coach to ensure proper, sport-specific
technique.