Latvia| country fact sheet
Industrial pollution fact sheet 2015
Latvia
Latvia | country fact sheet
Cover design: EEA
Cover photo: Jorge Franganillo, Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic (https://goo.gl/rqHYk6)
Layout: EEA
Acknowledgments
This country fact sheet was prepared by the European Environment Agency in
cooperation with the European Topic Centre for Air Pollution and Climate Change
Mitigation.
Content
Introduction
………………………….……………………………………………………….………...
Significance of industry
………………………………………………….…………………………
3
4
Significance of industry in terms of gross value added
Significance of industry in terms of energy consumption
Significance of industry in terms of water consumption
Industrial emissions to air
……………………………………………………………………....
7
Significance of industry in terms of emissions to air
Emission trend for key air pollutants and decoupling
Industrial emissions to water
…………………………………………………………………...
9
Significance of industry in terms of emissions to air
Emission trend for key air pollutants and decoupling
Industrial waste generation
……………………………………………………………………..
11
Significance of industry in terms of generation of waste
Waste generation trend and decoupling
References
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
Industrial pollution country fact sheets 2015
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Latvia | country fact sheet
Introduction
Industry across the data sources
While industry makes a significant contribution to the economic welfare and development of a
country, pollution from industrial activities can also negatively impact people and the
environment. These impacts (such as premature deaths, and damage to ecosystems) occur as
a result of releases to air and water, through the disposal of waste, and through the demand for
resources and energy. Industrial sources still contribute a substantial share of total pollution in
Europe. Pollution from industry is subject to national, European, and international regulations
and standards to limit releases, waste and resource use.
Data sources
These factsheets present a set of graphs and tables that show the significance of industrial
pollution using data taken from several sources:
 Eurostat’s statistics on environment (ESTAT, 2015a) and energy (ESTAT, 2015b) and
economy and finance statistics (ESTAT, 2015c)
 The European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (E-PRTR) (EEA, 2015a)
 The European Environment Agency’s compilation of the national greenhouse gas
inventories to be reported to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change (EEA, 2015b)
 The European Environment Agency’s compilation of data on emissions of air pollutants to
be submitted to the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (EEA, 2015c)
This country fact sheet includes data available as of 31 December 2015.
Definition of industry
Due to the diverging legal definitions of industry in the different datasets, certain assumptions
have been made to enable the presentation of industry in a consistent way (see the methodology
document for more details).
What is industry?
Industry is the production of goods or services within an economy. The different data sources used in
these fact sheets interpret this definition in slightly different ways. These fact sheets have attempted
to cover comparable activities across the different databases that were used. In summary, the activities
selected across the datasets are: energy industry, metal production, cement and lime production,
mining and quarrying, chemical industry, manufacturing, waste industry (including water and sewage
management), and distribution of electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning.
The energy used for transport in the above industrial activities (except pipelines for the transmission of
energy), and agricultural activities, are not included.
Methodology
The detailed methodology for the development of this country fact sheet is available at the Eionet
forum1.
Country coverage
These country factsheets cover all European Environment Agency (EEA) member countries. The
current EEA membership, comprising 33 countries and referred to as EEA33, include the 28
European Union Member States together with Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland and
Turkey.
Therefore, the graphs and tables presented in this document offer data of Latvia and the rest of
the EEA member countries. However, in some cases data were not available for one or more
countries. Below each table and figure, the source and the countries for which data were missing
are included.
1
http://forum.eionet.europa.eu/nrc-industrial-pollution/library/consultations
Industrial pollution country fact sheets 2015
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Latvia | country fact sheet
Significance of industry
SIGNIFICANCE OF INDUSTRY WITHIN THE ECONOMY IN TERMS OF GROSS VALUE ADDED
This section shows the significance of industry in the context of the economy. The parameter used is gross
value added (GVA), which captures the value in terms of goods and services provided by an economic activity.
Figure 1. GVA of industry as % of EEA33 economy, and within Latvia, 2013
Source: ESTATc, 2015. Data gap-filled according to methodology
Figure 2. Evolution of GVA of industry in Latvia, €billion, 2000-2013
Source: ESTATc, 2015. Data gap-filled according to methodology
GVA (B€)
2006
2007
2008
Manufacturing
Electricity, gas (…)
0.3
0.3
0.4
Mining & qarrying
0.0
0.1
0.1
Waste management
Total industry
0.3
0.4
0.5
2009
1.0
0.5
0.1
0.2
1.8
2010
1.2
0.6
0.1
0.1
2.1
2011
0.6
0.1
0.7
2012
0.7
0.1
0.8
SIGNIFICANCE OF INDUSTRY IN TERMS OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION
Industrial pollution country fact sheets 2015
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2013
0.6
0.1
0.8
Latvia | country fact sheet
This section shows the significance of industry as an energy consumer. The parameter used is final energy
consumption, which accounts for the energy supplied to the consumer (i.e. industry) for all energy used
involved to run the processes in the industrial activities considered in this fact sheet.
Figure 3. Energy consumption of industry as % of EEA33 energy consumption, and within Latvia, 2013
Source: ESTAT, 2015b. No data for LI. Data gap-filled according to methodology
Figure 4. Evolution of energy consumption of industry, broken down by sectors, within Latvia, Petajoules (PJ),
1990-2013
Source: ESTAT, 2015b. Data gap-filled according to methodology
Energy consumption
2006
2007
2008
2009
(PJ)
Chemical industry
0.80
0.66
1.09
1.03
Manufacturing
16.15
14.73
14.04
15.83
Metal industry
5.90
5.86
5.46
4.88
Mining & quarrying
0.23
0.27
0.29
0.19
Other industry
6.06
6.44
5.69
3.68
Total industry
29.14
27.97
26.56
25.60
2010
1.16
17.79
5.58
0.22
6.03
30.78
2011
0.97
18.99
2.15
0.24
6.95
29.30
2012
1.01
20.20
3.62
0.24
7.24
32.31
SIGNIFICANCE OF INDUSTRY IN TERMS OF WATER USAGE
Industrial pollution country fact sheets 2015
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2013
1.06
20.88
1.29
0.53
6.61
30.36
Latvia | country fact sheet
This section shows the significance of industry as a water consumer. The parameter used is water usage, which
accounts for the water supplied to the consumer (i.e. industry) for all water uses needed to run the processes
in the industrial activities considered in this fact sheet.
Figure 5. Water usage by industry as % of EEA33 water usage, and within Latvia, 2013
Source: ESTAT, 2015a. No data for LI. Data gap-filled according to methodology
Figure 6. Evolution of industrial water usage within Latvia, million cubic meters (Mm3), 1990-2013
Source: ESTATa, 2015. Data gap-filled according to methodology
Water consumption
2006
2007
2008
2009
(Mm3)
Manufacturing
60.2
58.6
48.9
42.2
Mining & quarrying
0.8
0.9
3.3
2.8
Electricity, gas (…)
63.9
66.4
55.2
56.5
Total industry
124.9
125.9
107.4
101.6
Industrial pollution country fact sheets 2015
2010
129.8
4.7
136.9
271.4
2011
115.8
3.0
54.7
173.5
2012
73.5
2.7
51.6
127.8
6
2013
73.5
2.7
51.6
127.8
Latvia | country fact sheet
Industrial emissions to air
SIGNIFICANCE OF INDUSTRY IN TERMS OF EMISSIONS TO AIR
Air pollution harms human health and the environment. In Europe, emissions of many air pollutants have decreased
substantially in recent decades, resulting in improved air quality across the region. However, air pollutant
concentrations are still high, and air quality problems persist. The selected pollutants for which data are provided
in this section are those that cause significant pressure on the environment and human health. Nitrogen oxides
(NOx), sulphur oxides (SOx) and ammonia (NH3) cause acidification and eutrophication. Non-methane volatile
organic compounds (NMVOC) and particulate matter (PM10) play a key role in air quality, especially in the so-called
smog. Finally, the release of heavy metals lead to their accumulation in the food chain, an issue of concern given
their toxicity. The heavy metals considered are arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg).
Figure 7. Industrial air emissions as % of total country pollution, by sector origins, 2013 – Latvia
For each pollutant, the coloured sections of the bars represent the contribution of the different industrial sectors.
The grey areas refer to the contribution of the rest of the human activities (other than industry). The quantities,
expressed in percentages, refer to the country’s total air emissions of each pollutant. The smaller the grey area the
bigger the significance of industrial releases for the concerned pollutant. In the CLRTAP, NOx is reported as nitric
oxide and nitrogen dioxide, expressed as nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and SOx covers all sulphur compounds expressed
as sulphur dioxide (SO2) (including sulphur trioxide, sulphuric acid, and reduced sulphur compounds, such as
hydrogem sulphide, mercaptans and dimethul sulphides, etc.)
Source: EEA, 2015c
Emissions (tonnes)
Cement
and
production
Chemical industry
lime
Energy industry
Food & drink industry
Iron & steel manufacturing
Mining & quarrying
Non-ferrous
production
metal
As
Cr
Hg
0.0
1
-
0.02
0.0
1
-
0.27
347.95
-
0.1
1
-
0.81
0.0
5
-
1
933.90
-
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.00
0.0
0
0.0
0
-
36
330.62
19
014.31
1
352.93
29.02
-
3.17
-
-
0.00
Industrial pollution country fact sheets 2015
NH3
NMVOC
NOx (as
NO2)
2 092.01
Pb
PM10
0.21
192.12
SOx (as
SO2)
513.25
-
-
0.41
-
10 279.20
1.17
697.25
-
-
21
200.67
-
80.42
0.01
14.89
33.77
10.21
0.00
0.37
0.11
-
7
-
Latvia | country fact sheet
Other manufacturing
Pulp, paper, & wood (…)
Waste industry
Non industry
0.0
1
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.30
0.00
0.00
0.0
1
0.0
2
0.0
0
472.71
2 107.14
0.38
3.45
9
532.05
837.21
2.77
0.03
10
141.37
18
219.53
12 271.33
0.06
5
308.91
0.19
39.35
2
967.86
211.42
0.49
EMISSIONS TRENDS FOR KEY AIR POLLUTANTS
Emissions and economic growth trends are often coupled. EU policy aims, among other objectives, at decoupling
economic growth from emissions, and driving down emission trends, whilst allowing economies to continue to
grow. Decoupling of industrial emissions from industry GVA growth can be absolute (emissions decrease where
GVA increases) or relative (emissions increase at a slower rate than GVA). Selected pollutants emissions, indexed
to 2007, are presented together with GVA (also indexed to 2007) to show the coupling or decoupling of pollutant
releases with economic growth.
Figure 8. Industrial air pollution versus the economy (non heavy metals), Latvia, 2007-2013
Source: EEA, 2015a
Emissions (tonnes)
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
NH3
151
180
196
201
210
NMVOC
135
242
307
342
NOx/NO2
4 605
3 768
2 930
4 135
4 609
PM10
2 160
1 712
679
1 243
SOx/SO2
994
646
605
708
376
Figure 9. Industrial air pollution versus the economy (heavy metals), Latvia, 2007-2013
2012
213
345
3 260
59
581
2013
2012
2013
280
484
2 852
104
171
Source: EEA, 2015a
Emissions (kg)
2007
2008
Industrial pollution country fact sheets 2015
2009
2010
2011
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Latvia | country fact sheet
As
Cr
Hg
-
-
14
12
-
56
16
Pb
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industrial emissions to water
SIGNIFICANCE OF INDUSTRY IN TERMS OF EMISSIONS TO WATER
Industrial activities are an important source of water pollution. Industry realeases pollutants that can be harmful
to people and the environment. In this section, data are provided for the heavy metals arsenic (As), cadmium
(Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn); the nutrients nitrogen (Tot-N)
and phosphorus (Tot-P); and the total organic carbon content (TOC).
For each pollutant, the coloured sections of the bars represent the contribution of the different industrial sectors.
The sector’s contributions, expressed in percentages, refer to the country’s total industrial water emissions of
each pollutant as reported to the European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (E-PRTR).
For water releases, there are no complete inventories of emissions covering all human activities. That is why the
data source for this medium is the E-PRTR. This dataset only covers releases above a certain threshold for selected
industrial activities. Therefore, this graph captures a subset of the industrial reality. In the E-PRTR heavy metals
include compounds.
Figure 10. Industrial water emissions as % of total country E-PRTR pollution, by sector origins, 2013 – Latvia
Source: EEA, 2015a
Emissions (tonnes)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
TotN
-
Manufacturing
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Mining & quarrying
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Waste management (…)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Electricity,
(…)
gas,
As
steam
Cd
Cr
Industrial pollution country fact sheets 2015
Cu
Hg
Ni
Pb
TOC
9
Tot-P
Zn
-
-
Latvia | country fact sheet
EMISSIONS TRENDS FOR KEY WATER POLLUTANTS
This section presents indexed data on emissions (annual loads) and growth (GVA) to show the possible
decoupling of economy and environment pressures. An explanation of this concept is in the same section for air
pollutants (page 8).
Figure 11. Industrial water pollution versus the economy, Latvia, 2007-2013
Source: EEA, 2015a
Note: As heavy metals in water represent a comparable pressure to the environment, they can be aggregated by their relative toxicity. The
methodology document includes details on this aggregation. The heavy metal releases are weighted by factors corresponding to the reciprocal
Predicted No Effect Concentrations (PNEC) values (1/PNEC) (OSPAR, 2014) for each pollutant and set equivalent to one of the metals - here
Mercury has been chosen.
Emissions (tonnes)
2007
Heavy
Metals
(Hg
specific)
Total
Organic
Carbon
(TOC)
Tot-N
Tot-P
Figure 12. Industrial water pollution
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
See individual pollutants in table below.
-
-
-
-
63
versus the economy (Heavy Metals), Latvia, 2007-2013
-
-
-
-
Source: EEA, 2015a
Emissions (kg)
As
Cd
Cr
Cu
Hg
Ni
Pb
Zn
2007
3
2
2
3
2008
000
400
200
700
Industrial pollution country fact sheets 2015
2009
-
2010
-
2011
-
2012
-
2013
-
10
-
Latvia | country fact sheet
Waste generation
SIGNIFICANCE OF INDUSTRY IN TERMS OF GENERATION OF WASTE
The waste produced by industrial activities consists of sources such as chemical solvents, paints, paper
products, industrial by-products, and metals. In the following analysis, data concerning industrial waste are
grouped into three types: hazardous waste, non-hazardous waste, and waste from mining and quarrying.
Hazardous waste can pose a risk to health or the environment if not managed and disposed correctly. The
properties of waste which render it hazardous are defined in Annex III to the Waste Directive (EC, 2008), and
include being explosive, flammable, toxic, and carcinogenic. Waste from mining and quarrying is presented in
its own group, due to the different nature and large volumes of this type of waste. Mining and quarrying waste
is waste resulting from the prospecting, extraction, treatment and storage of mineral resources and the working
of quarries. This category of waste is also addressed by a separate Directive on the management of waste (EC,
2006).
The following figures on waste generation, show 1) waste intensity (waste (tonnes)/GVA (€millions)), 2) the
share of waste generation by the different activities out of the EEA33 total waste generation and 3) the share of
country waste generation totals.
Waste intensity quantifies the relationship between the waste generation and economic output. The larger the
number, the more waste-generating that country is compared to the GVA the sector produces.
Figure 13. Industrial non hazardous waste generation as % of total EEA waste, with waste intensity, 2012
Source: ESTAT, 2015a. No data for CH.
Industrial pollution country fact sheets 2015
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Latvia | country fact sheet
Figure 14. Industrial hazardous waste generation as % of total EEA waste, with waste intensity, 2012
Source: ESTAT, 2015a. No data for CH.
Figure 15. Mining and quarrying waste generation as % of total EEA waste, with waste intensity, 2012
Source: ESTAT, 2015a. No data for CH.
Industrial pollution country fact sheets 2015
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Latvia | country fact sheet
WASTE GENERATION TREND
This section presents indexed data on waste generation broken down by sectors and growth (GVA) to show the
possible coupling or decoupling of the economy and environmental pressures. An explanation of the concept is
available in the same section for air pollutants (page 8 of this factsheet). In this case, the data was indexed to
2004 levels.
Figure 16. Decoupling of industrial non-hazardous waste, 2004-2012
Source: ESTAT, 2015a.
Waste (tonnes)
2004
2006
2008
2010
Electricity, gas (…)
18 341
25 826
19 831
24
Manufacturing
339 824
533 931
480 228
363
Mining & quarrying
55
2 582
Waste management
29 465
52 688
92 655
109
Figure 17. Decoupling of industrial hazardous waste, 2004-2012 (latest years available)
Source: ESTAT, 2015a.
Waste (tonnes)
Electricity, gas (…)
Manufacturing
Mining & quarrying
Waste management
2004
506
9 495
25
408
Industrial pollution country fact sheets 2015
2006
395
35 693
281
2008
330
21 060
3
689
2012
125
384
1
279
470
864
783
703
2010
123
125
966
674
2012
7 384
11 833
2
7 009
194
11 004
3
11 511
13
Latvia | country fact sheet
References
EC 2006. Directive 2006/21/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 March
2006 on the management of waste from extractive industries and amending Directive
2004/35/EC (http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32006L0021)
accessed 24 November 2015
EC 2008. Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 November
2008 on waste and repealing certain Directives. (http://eurlex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2008:312:0003:0030:en:PDF) accessed 24
November 2015
EEA 2015a. European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (E-PRTR) v7.0 Dataset.
(http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/member-states-reporting-art-7-under-theeuropean-pollutant-release-and-transfer-register-e-prtr-regulation-10) accessed 24 November
2015
EEA 2015b. European Environment Agency’s compilation of the national greenhouse gas
inventories to be reported to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
(UNFCCC) Dataset. (http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/national-emissionsreported-to-the-unfccc-and-to-the-eu-greenhouse-gas-monitoring-mechanism-9) accessed 24
November 2015
EEA 2015c. European Environment Agency’s compilation of data on emissions of air
pollutants to be submitted to the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution
(CLRTAP) Dataset. (http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/national-emissionsreported-to-the-convention-on-long-range-transboundary-air-pollution-lrtap-convention-9)
accessed 24 November 2015
ESTAT
2015a.
Eurostat’s
statistics
(http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database
tables env_wat_cat
env_wat_abs and env_wasgt) accessed 24 November 2015
on
environment
env_wat_ind
and
ESTAT 2015b. Eurostat’s statistics on energy (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database
table nrg_110a) accessed 24 November 2015
ESTAT
2015c.
Eurostat’s
statistics
on
economy
and
finance
statistics
(http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database table nama_nace64_k) accessed 24 November
2015
OSPAR 2014. Establishment of a list of Predicted No Effect Concentrations (PNECs) for
naturally occurring substances in produced water (OSPAR Agreement 2014-05)
(https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/361476/OSP
AR_RBA_Predicted_No_Effect_Concentrations__PNECs__Background_Document.pdf) accessed
24 November 2015
Industrial pollution country fact sheets 2015
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