National Institute of Industrial Property, Brazil (BR)
Project: D300
Subject: Aerials IPC: H01Q
Action: Rapporteur Proposal - Definitions
Title – H01Q
Date:17/02/2014
Definition statement
This subclass covers devices with active radiating elements, which can be for both transmitting and receiving, and details therefore. Active radiating elements cover corresponding parts of an aerial.
Examples are loop aerials, electrically-short aerials, electrically-long aerials, waveguide horns, aerials arrays, etc.
In addition to the primary active radiating elements, this subclass covers also secondary devices for absorbing, for modifying or for varying the direction, the orientation, the polarisation or the shape of waves radiated from aerials.
Combinations with auxiliary devices such as earthing switches, lead-in devices, and lightning protectors are also included.
OR
- transmitting aerials having primary active radiating elements, and receiving aerials having corresponding elements; details thereof
- secondary devices for modifying the direction, the orientation, the polarisation or the beam-form of waves radiated from aerials (or correspondingly received thereby), or for absorbing waves
- combinations of primary active aerial elements with secondary devices for giving the aerial a desired directional characteristic
- electrically-short aerials, electrically-long aerials, waveguide horns, slot aerials, leaky-waveguide aerials, loop aerials, aerial arrays
- combinations with auxiliary devices such as earthing switches, lead-in devices, and lightning protectors
Relationship between large subject matter areas
Waveguides and waveguide type devices which are passive devices are classified in H01P.
Systems that make use of aerials are classified in the corresponding places, such as transmission systems H04B, wireless communication networks H04W and radio navigation systems G01S.
References relevant to classification in this subclass
This subclass does not cover:

Waveguides
Radiators or aerials for microwave heating
H01P
H05B6/72
Examples of places where the subject matter of this subclass is covered when specially adapted, used for a particular purpose, or incorporated in a large system:
H04W16/28
H04W40/06
Cell structures using beam steering
Communication route or path selection based on characteristics of available wireless antennas
Beacons or beacon systems using radio waves
Direction-finders using radio waves
Circuits or components for simulating aerials, e.g. dummy aerial
Informative references
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
G01S1/02
G01S3/02
H04B1/72
Radiators for near-field treatment
Apparatus for testing aerials or for measuring aerial characteristics
Modulating electromagnetic waves in radiation field of aerial
Receivers input circuits
Radio transmission systems
A61N5/04
G01R
H03C7/02
H04B1/18
H04B7/00
Synonyms and Keyword
In patent documents the following keywords “aerial”, “antenna”, “probe”, “receiving element”,
“transmitting element” would be useful to a searcher.
Title – H01Q1/12
Informative references
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Supporting conductors in general H02G7/00

Title – H01Q1/38
Informative references
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Conductive layers or films on insulating-supports, in general
Printed circuits
H01B5/14
H05K
Glossary of terms
In this group, the following expression is used with the meaning indicated:
Chiral composites embedding miniature helices in a non-chiral host medium; the names comes from the Greek “kheir” which means “hand”
Title – H01Q1/42
Glossary of terms
In this group, the following terms are used with the meaning indicated:
Radome
Irdome
Radar dome
Infrared dome
Title – H01Q1/48
Informative references
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
H01R4/66 Connections with the terrestrial mass, e.g. earth plate, earth pin
Title – H01Q1/50
Informative references
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Cables, conductors, insulators,
e.g. for lead-in devices
Lightning protectors, switches
Over-voltage arrestors using spark gaps, structurally associated with protected apparatus
H01B
H01H
H01T4 / 08

Title – H01Q3/22
Glossary of terms
In this group, the following terms are used with the meaning indicated:
Beam scanning Beam scanning may refer to controlling the direction of the radiated beam (or, in the case of a receiving aerial, the direction of greatest sensitivity) as a function of operating frequency. It should be noted that, in a phased array without phase shifters, beam direction will inevitably change during the transmission of a frequency-hopping signal.
Title – H01Q3/24
Informative references
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
H04B 7/04 Diversity systems using a plurality of spaced independent aerials
Title – H01Q3/26
References relevant to classification in this group
This group does not cover:
Arrangements for varying the orientation in accordance with variation of frequency of radiated wave
Arrangements for varying the orientation by switching energy from one active radiating element to another, e.g. for beam switching
H01Q 3/22
H01Q 3/24
Glossary of terms
In this subclass, the following terms (or expressions) are often used with the meaning indicated:
Beam forming
Weighting
Analogue beam forming (RF beam forming) controlling the direction of a radiated beam (or, correspondingly at a receiving aerial, the direction of greatest sensitivity) by weighting and summing the signals at several elements controlling the phase and amplitude of the signals at the active radiating elements; changing the weighting of one element relative to the others changes the direction and the beam-width or beam-form of the radiation pattern in analogue beam forming, modification of the amplitude or phase of the signals at elements takes place in the lines or components carrying the signals, i.e. in the RF domain
Digital beam forming in digital beam forming control of the amplitude or phase of the signals takes place inside a beam forming computer processor.

In a receiver equipped with a digital beam forming array, the signals received from each element are digitized and processed to give a desired directional response. Similarly, at a transmitter, signals for each array element may be processed to produce a desired beam-form.
Synonyms and Keywords
In patent documents the following abbreviations are often used:
ESA electronically scanned array
Title – H01Q7/04
References relevant to classification in this group
This group does not cover:
Collapsible aerials; Retractable aerials H01Q 7/02
Loop aerials with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop with core of ferromagnetic material
H01Q 7/06
Informative references
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Electrical actuation of burglar, alarm or surveillance systems by interference with electromagnetic field distribution
G08B13/24
Synonyms and Keywords
In patent document the following words are often used: shielded, electrostatic shielding.
Title – H01Q15/24
References relevant to classification in this group
This group does not cover:
Devices functioning simultaneously both as polarisation filters and as refracting or diffracting devices or as reflectors
H01Q 15/12 ,
H01Q 15/22

Synonyms and Keywords
In patent documents the following expression/words "polarizer", "polarisator", "polarisation transformer" and "polarisation converter" are often used as synonyms.
Title – H01Q19/13
References relevant to classification in this group
This group does not cover:
Primary radiating source being a line source, e.g. leaky waveguide aerials H01Q 19/15
Synonyms and Keywords
In patent documents the following words are often used: prime focus feed; center-feed, center-fed; front feed; front-fed.
Title – H01Q19/17
References relevant to classification in this group
This group does not cover:
Primary radiating source being a line source, e.g. leaky waveguide aerials
Aerials or aerial systems providing at least two radiating patterns
H01Q 19/15
H01Q25/00
Synonyms and Keywords
In patent documents the following expression/words "array-fed", "array feed", "feed array", "feed cluster", "multi-feed reflector" and "duo-feed" are often used as synonyms.