Epistemology
Ontology
Theoretical perspective
Methodology
Methods
Crotty, M., (1998). The Foundations of Social Research: Meaning and Perspective in the Research Process (p4) (adapted by L. Drumm)
• Methods: the techniques or procedures used to gather and analyse data related to some research question or hypothesis.
• Methodology: the strategy, plan of action, process or design lying behind the choice and use of particular methods and linking the choice and use of
methods to the desired outcomes.
• Theoretical perspective: the philosophical stance informing the methodology and thus providing a context for the process and grounding its logic and
criteria.
• Epistemology: the theory of knowledge embedded in the theoretical perspective and thereby in the methodology. Includes Ontology: the nature of
reality, the nature of social reality
L. Drumm, 8th June 2015
Epistemology
Objectivism
Constructionism
Subjectivism
(and their variants)
L. Drumm, 8th June 2015
Theoretical perspective
Positivism (and post-positivism)
Interpretivism
• Symbolic interactionism
• Phenomenology
• Hermeneutics
Critical inquiry Feminism
Postmodernism etc.
Methodology
Experimental research
Survey research
Ethnography
Phenomenological research
Grounded theory
Heuristic inquiry
Action research
Discourse analysis
Feminist standpoint research etc.
Methods
Sampling
Measurement and scaling
Questionnaire
Observation
• participant
• non-participant
Interview
Focus group
Case study
Life history
Narrative etc.
Visual ethnographic methods
Statistical analysis
Data reduction
Theme identification
Comparative analysis
Cognitive mapping
Interpretative methods
Document analysis
Content analysis
Conversation analysis etc.