Important anatomical bounties for ESA 2
Anatomical snuff box: (brevis between 2 longus)
Medial- EPL
Lateral-EPB/APL
Contents- Radial artery, cephalic vein, scaphoid.
Axilla :
Apex: Clavicle, Coracoid process, 1st rib (CCR)
Anterior: pectoralis major & minor
Posterior: lats dorsi, teres major, subscapularis
Medial: serratus anterior, ribs, intercostals
Lateral: tendon of long head of biceps brachii
Base: Axillary fascia, Runs between latissimus dorsi and pectoralis major, ie. Hairy armpit
Cubital fossa:
The cubital fossa is the triangular area on the anterior view of the elbo
Superior: (proximal) boundary - an imaginary horizontal line connecting the medial epicondyle of the
humerus to the lateral epicondyle of the humerus
Medial (ulnar) boundary - lateral border of pronator teres muscle
Lateral (radial) boundary - medial border of brachioradialis muscle
apex- formed by the meeting point of the lateral and medial boundaries
Contents: medial to lateral median nerve, biracial artery, bicep brachii tendon, radial nerve. (My bum
turns red) .The ulnar nerve is also in the area, but is not in the cubital fossa; it occupies a groove on
the posterior aspect of the medial epicondyle of the humerus.
Posterior triangle of the neck:
Apex: Union of the sternocleidomastoid and the trapezius muscles at the superior nuchal line of
the occipital bone
Anterior: Posterior border of the sternocleidomastoideus
Posterior: Anterior border of the trapezius
Base: Middle one third of the clavicle
Anterior triangle of the neck:
Anterior- Midline of neck from chin to manubrium
Posterior- anterior margin of SCM
Apex- jugular notch in manubrium of sternum
Base- lower border of body of mandible to mastoid process (along chin)
Femoral canal:
Anterosuperiorly-inguinal ligament
Posteriorly-pectineal ligament lying anterior to the superior pubic ramus
Medially -lacunar ligament
Laterally- femoral vein
Inguinal canal (Starting from superior):MALT
Superior wall (roof): 2 Muscles: · internal oblique Muscle · transverse abdominus Muscle
Anterior wall: 2 Aponeuroses: · Aponeurosis of external oblique · Aponeurosis of internal oblique
Lower wall (floor): 2 Ligaments: · inguinal Ligament · lacunar Ligament
Posterior wall: 2Ts: · Transversalis fascia · conjoint Tendon
Carpel tunnel:
Roof- flexor retinaculum (fibrous band)
Floor & walls - carpal bones
Contents- flexor tendons & median nerve
Hesselbach's triangle:
Medial border: Lateral border of rectus abdominis.
Superolateral border: Inferior epigastric vessels
Inferior border: Inguinal ligament, sometimes referred to as Poupart's ligament
This can be remembered by the mnemonic RIP (as direct inguinal hernias rip directly through the
abdominal wall).
Popliteal fossa:
Superior and medial: the semitendinosus muscle and semimembranosus muscle
Superior and lateral: the biceps femoris muscle
Inferior and medial: the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle
Inferior and lateral: the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle and plantaris muscle