Chapter 4:
During osmosis, water moves toward the solution with the _________ solute
concentration. A. greater
Proteins that assist the movement of a substance across the membrane are called
_________ proteins. A. catalytic B. cytoskeleton C. transport D. identification
ver time diffusion results in the even distribution of a substance throughout an
area. TRUE
The sodium-potassium pump moves ions against their concentration gradients and helps
maintain an electrochemical gradient across the plasma membrane. TRUE
If a transport protein moves two solutes across a membrane in opposite directions, the
protein is called a countertransporter or _________. antiporter
Coupled transport that involves the moving of one substance against its concentration
gradient by using energy from a second substance moving down its concentration
gradient is known as: Secondary active transport.
Proteins that are embedded within, and extend across, the phospholipid bilayer are called
_____ proteins. A. catalytic B. integral C. cytoskeleton
Some membrane proteins are not embedded within the lipid bilayer but are instead
anchored loosely to either the inner or outer surface. Such proteins are called _________
proteins. peripheral
Which of the following choices describes three general functions cells must
perform? A. Maintain shape, obtain nutrients, and dispose of wastes
The uptake of cholesterol into cells is an example of:
A. phagocytosis. B. pinocytosis. C. receptor-mediated endocytosis.
The release of neurotransmitter from a neuron is an example of, exocytosis and it
requires expenditure of ATP.
Which is an active transport process? A. Simple diffusion B. Bulk filtration C. Osmosis D. Facilitated diffusion
E. Ion pump
Most cells perform pinocytosis. TRUE
Which of the following factors influence cell membrane permeability? A. Phospholipid composition of the membrane B. Ionic charge along the membrane
C. Presence or absence of transport proteins D. Molecule size E. All of the
choices are correct
The importance of the folds of Microvilli is ______________. And they DO NOT
MOVE.
___________ are small hair like structures that DO MORE and facilitate movement in
the trachea and fallopian tubes.
Which is a membrane-bound organelle? A. Endoplasmic reticulum B. Lysosome C. Golgi apparatus D. Peroxisome
What are NON membrane bound organelles?
Catalase-containing peroxisomes are most abundant in ______ cells. A. liver
The organelles responsible for organizing microtubules that are part of the mitotic spindle
are called: A. centrioles.
Nuclear envelope consists primarily of TWO PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYERS
The duplicated chromosome that appears during prophase consists of two genetically
identical structures called sister ________________. chromatids
_____________ is the division of the cytoplasm during cell division. Cytokinesis
DNA is organized into discrete units called ____________ that provide information for
the production of specific proteins. genes
The cytoskeleton has three separate components: microfilaments, intermediate filaments,
and ______________. microtubules
_____________ ribosomes are responsible for the synthesis of proteins that remain
within the cell. Free
________ are barrel-shaped, protein-digesting organelles in both the nucleus and
cytoplasm. Proteosomes
The technical term for "cellular drinking" is _______________. pinocytosis ,
Cellular Engulfing is termed ___________________. Phagocytosis.
A cell-mediated process that transports large molecules across the plasma membrane and
out of the cell is called ________________. exocytosis
_______________ transport is required to move a substance across a membrane against a
concentration gradient. Active
In _____________ transport, substances move across a plasma membrane without the
expenditure of energy by the cell. passive
A membrane that is able to regulate the movement of materials in and out of the cell is
described as being _________ _________ (2 words). selectively permeable
The fuzzy coat made of glycoproteins and glycolipids found on the external surface of the
plasma membrane is called the _______________. glycocalyx
129. The term used to describe the fluid within a cell is _______________, or
intracellular fluid. cytosol
_____________ is the general term for all cellular contents located between the plasma
membrane and the nucleus. Cytoplasm
_____________ are short, membrane-attached projections containing microtubules that
occur in large numbers on exposed membrane surfaces. Cilia
Everything packaged by the Golgi apparatus for secretion leaves the cell within a
vesicle. TRUE
Among the functions of the plasma membrane are to form specialized intercellular
connections, provide for selective permeability, and facilitate the recognition and
response to molecular signals. TRUE
Lysosome functions range from the digestion of materials ingested by the cell to the selfdestruction of the cell. TRUE
The process of programmed cell death ("cell suicide") is known as
__________. apoptosis
The FLAGELLUM is a structure that resembles a whip, the only cell in the human
body with a flagellum is the SPEM CELL
Chromatin degradation, Shrinkage in volume , Abnormal development in organelle
structure , Abnormal development in plasma membrane structure are all characteristics of
cells undergoing APOPTOSIS
-The following are stages of ____________. Place the following in order:
-anaphase, metaphase, prophase, telophase
When a cell is dividing, the genetic material is in the compact form of
__________. chromosomes
DNA directs the synthesis of proteins, including enzymes that catalyze the synthesis of
several important molecules. TRUE
A single mRNA molecule can be read by more than one ribosome
simultaneously. TRUE
A START codon consists of the three-base sequence AUG . TRUE
The coding regions of the DNA that are both transcribed and translated are the
________. exons
If the sequence of DNA nucleotides being read is TTACTG, then transcription results in
the formation of the sequence: A. AAUGAC B. TTUGUC C. GTCATT D. TTACTG
During transcription: A. an RNA molecule is formed as a DNA sequence is read.
DNA is made up entirely of genes; a chromosome is the unwoven form of chromatin.
B. A sequence of nucleotides in DNA constitutes a gene; DNA and associated proteins
form chromatin.
The various chemical reactions that organisms carry out are collectively
called: A. reproduction. B. homeostasis. C. metabolism.
The smallest structural unit that exhibits the characteristics of living things is: CELL
Level consists of related organs that work to achieve a common function: Organ System
Accurately describes the organization of structures? A. Organs are made up of tissues,
which are made up of cells, which are made up of organelles and molecules.
The serous fluid that helps in cardiac function is located: A. inside the heart's
chambers. B. between the parietal pericardium and the sternum. C. in the pericardial
cavity, between the parietal and visceral pericardial layers. D. between the visceral
pericardium and the cardiac muscle.
Which serous membrane covers the surface of an organ? A. The parietal layer
B. The visceral layer
The ______ reproductive system produces oocytes. female
______ anatomy examines both superficial anatomic markings and internal body
structures as they relate to the skin covering them.
A. Regional B. Surface C. Radiographic D. Surgical
The discipline known as _____________ anatomy examines similarities and differences
across species. comparative
In the positive feedback mechanism governing breast feeding, the mammary glands of
the breast serve as the: A. control center. B. receptor. C. effector. D. set point.
Components of a homeostatic control system in proper order?
B. Stimulus, receptor, control center, effector In a homeostatic control mechanism, the receptor detects changes in the environment and
relays that information to the ____________. control center
Sensory nerves that detect changes in a variable that is being regulated comprise the
________ of the control mechanism. receptor
Diagnosing a disease involves determining the: A. cause of the homeostatic imbalance.
B. multiple side effects of a drug. C. effector and the set point. D. negativity of
the
When an acid is placed in water, the acid: A. does not dissolve or dissociate.
B. dissolves but does not dissociate. C. dissolves and dissociates. feedback.
When a nonpolar molecule is placed in water it will: A. neither dissolve nor carry
electrical current. B. dissolve and carry electrical current. C. dissociate and carry
electrical current.
Chemical barriers composed of phospholipid bilayers form within biological systems
because: A. cells expend ATP to position the phospholipid tails close together.
B. hydrophobic exclusion results in the close positioning of the nonpolar tails.
A polymer is made up of several subunits called __________. monomers
When a large biological molecule is digested by the addition of water, the reaction is
termed _________. hydrolysis
Which of the following is a list of three types of lipids? A. Riposes, purines, and
pyrimidines B. Eicosanoids, steroids, and triglycerides
The simple sugar glucose is an example of a: A. monosaccharide.
The most common lipids in the body are: A. triglycerides, and they are used for
energy storage in adipose.
TRUE OR FALSE
The mediastinum is within the ventral cavity. TRUE
The anatomic position allows all observers to have a common point of
reference. TRUE
Cytology is a subdivision of gross anatomy. FALSE
Damage to the heart can cause inadequate blood circulation, which can lead to more
damage to the heart. This is an example of a positive feedback cycle. TRUE
The urinary system filters the blood, concentrates waste products, and removes waste
products from the body. TRUE
The cell is the smallest living portion of the human body. TRUE
Organs contain two or more tissues that work together to perform specific, complex
functions. TRUE
CH.2:
The three parts making up a nucleotide are: A. a purine, a pyrimidine, and a ribose
sugar. B. a five carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
Anything that has mass and occupies space is considered to be ________. matter
3 forms of matter are : Solid, Liquid, Gas
Which of the following has the smallest mass? A. An electron
Water contains two hydrogen atoms bound to one oxygen atom; "H2O" is therefore
water's: A. molecular formula. B. ionic compound. C. isotope ratio.
A double covalent bond involves: A. the sharing of one pair of electrons. B. the
sharing of two pairs of electrons. C. the donation of one pair of electrons.
Phospholipids are described as: A. polar. B. nonpolar. C. amphipathic.
D. amphiprotic.
Fatty acids consist mainly of carbon and hydrogen, and so fatty acids are: A. nonpolar
and do not dissolve in water.
Starch and cellulose are examples of polysaccharides found in plants. TRUE
Within DNA, adenine makes hydrogen bonds with thymine, and guanine makes
hydrogen bonds with cytosine. TRUE