Chapter 4 STUDY GUIDE
The Nucleus Controls the Functions of Life
“We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence, therefore,
is not an act but a habit.” -Aristotle
Steps for studying for the Ch. 4 test:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Re-read your notes and use your Cornell-questions to quiz yourself.
Re-read pages pp. 122-145 of your textbook.
Be able to define the key vocabulary from the chapter.
Review your Reading Checks and Work Book, making sure all is complete.
Be able to answer the questions below. They are a guide for your studying.
Complete the online section quizzes at http://www.bcscience.com/bc9/
Chapter 4 VOCABULARY (pages 122-143)
Be able to define the following terms:











Cell membrane
Cell wall
Cytoplasm
Organelle
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
Ribosomes
Proteins
Endoplasmic
reticulum
Golgi body
Vesicles











Vacuoles
Nucleus
Nuclear membrane
Nucleolus
Nuclear pores
Deoxyribonucleic
acid
Chromatin
Chroma
20 Chromosome
Genes
Genome











Muscular dystrophy
Gene mutation
“junk DNA”
Positive mutation
Negative mutation
Sickle cell anemia
Cystic fibrosis
BREATHE
Neutral mutation
Mutagens
Gene therapy
Section 4.1 The Function of the Nucleus within the Cell
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Briefly describe the role of technologies such as nanoprobes, in the study of the cell.
Make a Venn diagram to compare and contrast the cell structures in animal and plant cells.
Know the function of all the cell structures listed in the vocabulary section.
Differentiate eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells (no nucleus).
How do retina cells become retina cells and not toenail cells?
a). What is the importance of cell death?
b). Give a specific example of this importance.
7. a). Describe the structure and composition of DNA.
b). What is the function of DNA?
c). What is DNA message?
d). Why is DNA message important?
e). Describe the specific arrangement of DNA base pairs.
f). Is this arrangement fixed within the DNA molecule?
8. What is chromatin?
9. Describe the relationship between DNA, chromatin and chromosome.
10. a). How many chromosomes are there in most human cells?
b). How are these chromosomes arranged?
11. a). Do all living things have the same number of chromosomes?
b). Give examples to support your answer in a). above.
12. a). What are genes?
b). Where are they located?
c). What are their functions?
d). What determines the type of protein produced by genes?
13. a). What determines the formation of specialized cells?
b). How are tissues formed?
c). How are organs formed?
14. What are enzymes? Give an example.
15. What are hormones? Give an example.
16. Draw and properly label a flow chart to show the 9 steps of protein production in animal cells.
17. a). Before the human genome was decoded, what did the scientists hypothesized about protein
production?
b). What do they know now?
c). What question are they currently working on?
18. Complete the Section 4.1 Quiz online at http://www.bcscience.com/bc9/
Section 4.2 Mutation
1.
2.
3.
4.
What are the other names for the white Kermode bear?
What is gene mutation? Give an example.
How are the white Kermode bears protected?
a). What percentage of the DNA in our chromosome is represented by genes?
b). What is the function of the remaining percentages?
5. What are the 4 types of mutation based on the A, G, C, T arrangement?
6. Differentiate the 3 types of mutation based on their effects to an organism’s survival rate?
Give an example of each.
7. What can a biological virus do to genes?
8. Give 4 examples of mutagens.
9. What are the most effective ways to treat diseases caused by gene mutation?
10. Describe one form of gene therapy.
11. What body system is affected by gene therapy?
12. Complete the Section 4.2 Quiz online at http://www.bcscience.com/bc9/