REPORTS ON THE RESULTS OF RESEARCH WORKS
ON ANALYTICAL SUPPORT OF "PROGRAM FOR
TRADE IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN FOR 2010
- 2014 YEARS"
AGENCY MARKETING AND SOCIOLOGICAL RESEARCH
«DAMU RESEARCH GROUP»
REPORTS ON THE RESULTS OF RESEARCH WORKS ON ANALYTICAL SUPPORT OF "PROGRAM
FOR TRADE IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN FOR 2010 - 2014 YEARS" ON THEME:
«Developing an effective model of modernization of the retail sector and trade infrastructure
for 2013-2020»
PREPARED FOR:
TRADE COMMITTEE, MINISTRY OF ECONOMY AND BUDGET PLANNING OF
KAZAKHSTAN
A lm at y
20 1 3 г.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
DESCRIPTION OF THE METHODOLOGY
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
SECTION 1: INTEGRATED RESEARCH RETAIL MARKET
IN SECTION 2: ASSESSMENT AND JUSTIFICATION FUNDING FOR THE STATE PROGRAM
SECTION 1. Comprehensive market research of retail trade and the provision of modern retail space
1 Overview of retailers
1.1 The volume of retail space trading enterprises (stores) RK
1.2 The volume of retail space trading markets (bazaars) RC
1.3 The index of retail space per 1,000 people.
1.4 The ratio of retail space stores and markets of Kazakhstan
1.5 Retail sales
1.6 Turnover by sales channels
1.7 Turnover on the dimension of enterprises
1.8 Evaluation of the shadow turnover in retail trade
1.9 Commissioning of new retail space
2 Overview of modern retail formats
2.1 Overview of modern retail formats
2.2 The criteria for the classification of trade formats
2.2.1 Explanation of the modern trade formats
3 The level of development of retail trade in the country
3.1 Analysis of the structure of retail space in the sizes and formats of trade in Kazakhstan
3.2 Analysis of the structure of retail space by retail format in Kazakhstan, taking into account the areas
of trade markets
3.3 Comparative analysis of the regions on the main retail formats
3.4 The potential capacity of retail space retail Kazakhstan for 2013
3.5 Assessment of the current deficit or surplus of retail space in 2013
3.6 The level of consolidation of the retail market of the Republic of Kazakhstan
SECTION 2. Rationale for the required amount of funding from the state budget for the modernization of
the retail sector
1 Comparative analysis of the level of development of trade-related infrastructure in the countries.
Review and analysis of key indicators of trade development.
1.1 Provision of retail space per 1,000 people
1.2 Provision of retail space modern retail formats to 1000
1.3 Sales per 1 sq. meter of floor space
1.4 Sales on 1 engaged in trade
1.5 The degree of consolidation of the retail market
1.6 Industry norm cheat. retail markup
1.7 Effectiveness of industry logistics delivery and storage
1.8 Absolute and relative employment in domestic trade
1.9 Tax revenues from domestic trade, the weight of the state budget
1.10 Analysis and assessment depending on the level of development of domestic production of
domestic trade, the example of advanced trading infrastructure.
2 Evaluation and justification of funding for the implementation of measures of state support
2.1 Evaluation of the total volume of investments in the development, construction, trade-related
infrastructure Republic of Kazakhstan for 2010-2012.
2.2 Evaluation and justification of volumes and the main directions of development of trade-related
infrastructure that require public financial support
2.2.1 Construction of commercial facilities (buildings and structures)
2.2.2 Repurchase and allocation of land
2.2.3 Construction of engineering and transport communications
2.2.4 Financing / leasing of commercial equipment and technology
2.2.5 Working capital
2.2.6 Attracting foreign qualified professionals
2.2.7 Acquisition of licenses, franchises, specialized software, etc.
2.3 Determination of mechanisms and tools to provide state financial support. Strengths and
weaknesses, risks associated with the use of each of the methods and tools of state
3 Analysis and evaluation of the expected socio-economic impact of the implementation of measures of
state support for the development of trade infrastructure
3.1 Assessment of the nature and extent of socio-economic benefits from the developed Ministry of
Economy and Budget Planning of the support measures in the following areas by year from 2014 to
2020 :
3.1.1 Creation of new jobs in connection with the implementation of the Programme
3.1.2 Evaluation of the increase in tax revenues to the state budget
3.1.3 Forecast of development of the structure of retail space up to 2020 within the framework of the
Program
3.1.4 Forecast of development of the structure of employment in retail trade by type of formats up to
2020 in the framework of the Program
3.1.5 Forecast of employment in retail trade by type of formats up to 2020 in the framework of the
Program
3.1.6 Opening of new production facilities and increase production at existing plants in connection with
the implementation of the Programme. General assessment of the contribution of the Programme to
GDP growth
3.1.7 Predicted decline in average markups between input / output and procurement / retail prices in
retail trade
3.1.8 Assessment of improving the quality of life of the population because of the Program
ANNEX 1
APPENDIX 2. Analysis of the structure of retail space in the sizes and formats of trade by region
1) Astana
2) Almaty
3) Mangistau region
4) Aktobe region
5) Atyrau
6) Karaganda region
7) Akmola region
8) Kostanay
9) Kyzylorda region
10) Pavlodar region
11) North-Kazakhstan region
12) Almaty region
13) Zhambyl
14) West Kazakhstan region
15) East Kazakhstan region
16) South-Kazakhstan region
ВВЕДЕНИЕ
This report was prepared by the Agency of marketing and sociological research «DAMU Research
Group» Committee for Trade, Ministry of Economy and Budget Planning of the Republic of Kazakhstan on
the basis of the database DAMU Research Group of retail outlets in the settlements of the Republic of
Kazakhstan. Database retail outlets DAMU RG Agency began to emerge in March 2007. As required
database in whole or in part, is updated based on additional meetings waves census of retail outlets. Last
update was made on the basis of the census of retail outlets conducted from August to October 2013. In
base includes retail outlets selling consumer goods, including durable goods (household appliances,
furniture, etc.).
Research agencies DAMU Research Group has been defined consensus methodology, developed
tools for the census and conducted by appropriately trained interviewers. Analysis and data processing
were carried out with the help of special programs Power Date and SPSS №21.
The purpose of this report is a general and structured analysis of the retail market of the
Republic of Kazakhstan.
The main objectives of the study were as follows:
study of the retail market, security of the population of modern retail space;
an analytical review and prepare a detailed justification for the required amount of funding
from the state budget for the modernization of the retail sector.
The research project was carried out in the period from 10 September to 14 November 2013. The
project was led Aisautov Timur - General Director of the Research Agency «DAMU Research Group».
Processing field and statistics carried Data Manager Baurzhan Madenov. Development tools consensus
and database updates carried out by experts of data Erdos Korganbaev. Field work was supervised Field
Manager Elena Burkova. In preparing this report was Baurzhan Madenov and Erdos Korganbaev. General
analysis and preparation of final conclusions and rationale for funding the state program "Modernization
of the retail sector and trade infrastructure 2020" carried Timur Aisautov.
DESK RESEARCH
DESCRIPTION OF THE METHODOLOGY
As sources of secondary data were used expert and analytical publications, and other public sources of
information. Special requests were received statistics on the subject of the study.
Sources of information:
publication of the Statistics Agency of the Republic of Kazakhstan;
information, analytical and expert materials placed in specialized publications, the media and the
Internet;
Official press releases and analysis of departmental bodies;
other sources.
Sensus
Research agencies DAMU RG census was carried out (consensus) of retail outlets in all localities of the
Republic of Kazakhstan to the resident population of 25,000 people or more. The result was the census
database of retail outlets in the settlements of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
The area of consensus
The census of retail outlets was conducted in all regional centers of Kazakhstan, in the cities of
republican significance - Almaty and Astana, as well as in towns with a population of over 25 thousand
people. Total number of census covered by settlements of Kazakhstan amounted to 295 towns and
villages.
Number of surveyed settlements in the areas of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Region/ oblast
Akmola
Aktobe
Almatinskaya
Almaty
Astana
Atyrau
East Kazakhstan
Zhambyl
West Kazakhstan
Karagandy
Kostanay
Kyzylorda
Mangystau
Pavlodar
South Kazakhstan
North Kazakhstan
Grand total
Number of settlements
24
15
54
1
1
12
30
21
14
25
21
5
7
12
13
40
295
NOTE: For a detailed list of the surveyed settlements, see Appendix.
Consensus and the general population
Sensus is a census of all outlets offering permanent retail certain product groups in certain regions. The
main result is a consensus on the results of identifying and determining the structure of the general
population, ie the structure of the retail trade of the Republic of Kazakhstan in general and individually in
regions such as the area of the main criteria and range. Sensus is conducting its own regional network of
interviewers Agency DAMU RG, represented in 22 cities of the Republic of Kazakhstan. In each of the 22
cities are working team consisting of supervisors and interviewers. In those towns that do not have a
permanent team of experts dispatched by the interviewers. Each town was divided into squares, which
were examined thoroughly with a view to identifying them in retail outlets that sell the products
concerned.
Types of outlets in the target panel are classified by common attributes and criteria. The main criteria for
the classification database of retail outlets were:
A. The size of retail space.
B. Implemented range.
So in terms of size of retail space retail market is divided into groups depending on the size of retail
space (in sq. Meters):
Grouping size of retail space
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
to 100 m2
from 100 to 500 m2
from 500 to 1000 m2
from 1000 to 3000 m2
more than 3000 m2
On the criterion of the variety of retail outlets were identified 7 major groups:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
FMCG
Parts
Pharmacies
Filling stations
Furniture
Electrical Goods
Fashion
Total number of census covered by settlements of Kazakhstan from 2007 to 2011 amounted to 295
towns and villages. The results of this consensus are more likely to be perceived as the data is
representative of the structural characteristic of retail space of the republic, as covered by consensus by
settlements in October 2013 were identified and rewritten more than 2.14 million. M2 of retail space.
Data of the Agency of Statistics of the total area of retail businesses are the default general population of
retail space the Republic of Kazakhstan. It is important that the number of resident population in the
surveyed villages more than 10 million. People, or 60% of the total population of the country, and more
than 90% of the city. In addition, the inhabitants of these settlements are the most solvent part of
Kazakhstan's population and generate the bulk of the retail trade of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
GENERAL CONCLUSION
SECTION 1: INTEGRATED RESEARCH RETAIL MARKET
По the results of the research on the state of retail trade in the Republic of Kazakhstan can draw the
following conclusions system:
Modern retail formats - this one, or a combination of two or more trade objects belonging to a single
trading network with a common name, a single market concept, unified management, as well as a
minimum cumulative sales area of commercial facility or the entire distribution network of 500 square
meters. m or more. Modern formats due to the large size and membership of a trade network are
different from non-modern formats:
- Relatively low unit costs for transportation and storage (more efficient logistics);
- Relatively low unit costs for administrative and production staff;
- Because of the large trade turnover greater influence on suppliers and therefore relatively low
purchasing (input) and low retail prices (output) prices for consumers;
- Through greater trade area, lower prices and a wider range, large flows of multiple buyers and large
amounts of turnover;
- Significantly larger sales volume per 1 sq. meter of floor space and 1 employee trading facility;
- The same access to relatively cheap investment resources;
- More efficient and modern management;
- The ability to protect the rights of buyers in the event of a claim;
- Because of the significant level of activity, higher tax deductions to the state budget;
- And so on. D ..
To date, nearly half - 49% of the total retail space of the Republic Fund accounts for such a morally
outlived itself pattern of trade as "bazaars and markets." On the "commercial enterprises", ie Shops
shopping area is occupied - 51% of the total fund sales areas of the country. Definitely so widespread
bazaar retail space does not indicate the development of trade infrastructure of the country. In terms of
regions relatively positive picture observed in Pavlodar and Kostanai areas - here on trading companies
(ie, stationary stores) accounted for 76% and 74%, respectively, and on the area of market - 24% and
26%. In the cities of Almaty and Astana on store area accounts for 53% and 51%, and 47% of the
bazaars and 49%, respectively. From all regions of the worst to deal with the promotion of trade / Shop
Area situation in Mangistau, Kyzylorda and Almaty regions - here at bazaars have to a much larger area 53%, 59% and 71%, respectively;
The basic format to the trade (ie, stores) is traditional for Kazakhstan, but does not meet the
requirements of modern format "shop at home" - the average proportion of this format to the trade is
41%, and in the general fund of retail space (ie including markets) - 21%.
The share consolidation of retail space, ie, accessories retail facilities to retail trade networks in the
country is 10.6% as compared with the developed countries of the world is very small. For example, in
Russia the figure is 35%, in Belarus - 30%.
In general, the share of modern formats is 35% of the total volume of retail space shopping facilities,
and in view of shopping markets share of modern formats in the country is only 17% in the general fund
of retail space. This extremely low share of modern trade formats:
- Does not contribute to providing the population with high-quality consumer goods at low prices;
- Reduces efficiency and productivity in general throughout the retail industry;
- Does not contribute to the protection of consumer rights of the population of the republic;
- Does not contribute to activities to promote the protection and promotion of domestic producers in the
retail trade;
- Is not conducive to the conclusion of turnover from the shadows and increase tax payments.
In general, trading infrastructure of Kazakhstan is characterized by extremely low number of retail
space per 1,000 people - only 412 square meters. meters, and the provision of a comparative excess
trading markets - 390 square meters. meters to 1000 people. Deficit of retail space, in turn, leads to the
high cost of renting commercial space for commercial entities who have these costs due to high retail
markups / charge passed on to final consumers and ordinary people.
According to the Agency for Statistics actual tax burden on retail turnover "Market / Bazaar" in the
Republic of Kazakhstan for the period from 2009 to 2011 was only about 0.0022% of the total retail sales
markets. In this case, the tax burden on ordinary shops (classification SARK "commercial enterprise")
hundreds of times greater than the load on the markets and averaged over the period from 2009 to
2011, about 2.5% of the total retail turnover of trade enterprises. In general, the tax burden on retail
turnover in the sum over all sales channels in the Republic of Kazakhstan is about 1.2% of the total
turnover, with almost 100% of the tax payments are made through the sale of stores (trading
companies).
According to the analysis of the research agency DAMU Research Group, based on the data of the
ARKS, about 87% of retail trade turnover of the republic is in the shadow turnover, which deliberately not
paid taxes. Thus, in 2012 in the Republic of Kazakhstan from 4567 bln. (Or $ 30.4 billion.) Of retail trade
turnover of 87%, or 3,973 bn. ($ 26.4 billion.) Located in the shadow turnover.
Thus, the most important problems the retail industry:
Acute shortage of quality retail space. Republic to overcome the deficit is required to build about 8-10
million sq. Meters of retail space. In 2013 the general fund of retail space is 6.8 million sq. Meters. The
problem of the deficit relates primarily to major cities, to a lesser extent to small cities and almost does
not affect the countryside (due to low purchasing power);
deficit retail space leads to excessively inflated rental rates and redemption of retail space. For
example, in the cities of Almaty and Astana, the average rental rate for retail space ranges from $ 500
(regular stores) to $ 1400-1600 (large shopping centers such as MEGA, Globe, Satellite, Khan Shatyr, Silk
Way City, Keruen etc .) for 1 year lease of 1 square. meters;
In turn, higher rental rates will inevitably lead to higher costs for the organization of the retail business
and ultimately to higher prices for food and goods in these stores;
The problem of relatively small volumes of construction and therefore low in supply of new retail space
is primarily concerned with the high cost of debt financing. For retail trade business in Kazakhstan to
solve infrastructure problems average cost of credit at the rate of 15% -18% a year is excessive, since
already for 4.5 years obliges return to creditors in the face of the BWI loan almost 2-fold amount (ie
100% growth), while it is known that investment in infrastructural development must fend for decades.
ON SECTION 2: ASSESSMENT AND JUSTIFICATION FUNDING FOR THE STATE
PROGRAM
According to the results of the study to the following key findings:
Comparative analysis of the level of development of trade-related infrastructure in the countries of the
world:
The most wealthy country in the world in terms of retail space per 1,000 people is the United States about 31,000 square meters. meters of retail space. Follow her country England behind the leader
with a difference of 3 times - 10 thousand square meters. meters of retail space per 1,000 people.
Japan is on the 3rd place on the retail space - about 9,000 square meters. 1,000 meters. Then in the
top ten followed by countries such as - Switzerland - 7000 sq. meters / per 1000, Singapore - 6000
sq. meters, Netherlands - 5000 sq. meters, Germany - 2000 sq. meters, France - 1500 sq. m. In
Russia, the provision of retail space is 480 square meters. meters to 100 people. In Belarus, the
average amount of retail space is 488 square meters per 1,000 inhabitants. In Kazakhstan,
according to SARK at the end of 2012 with shopping area is 412 square meters. meters to 1000
people.
Traditionally, retail consolidation in developed countries is much higher than in developing countries. A
world leader in the degree of consolidation of retail trade is Norway - 95% of retail space are
included in one or another network. In England - 86%, France - 85%, Germany - 84%, in
Switzerland - 68% in the US - 65%. In Russia, the consolidation of the retail market reaches 35% of
all retail space. In Belarus, the level of consolidation of retail trade reaches 30%. In Kazakhstan,
estimated research agencies DAMU Research Group consolidation of the market is not more than
11%.
In the US, the level of average retail margin is about 17%, Germany - 12%, France - 11%, in England 8%. Unlike developed countries, the average retail margin in Russia at 37%, while in Kazakhstan
stands at 42%.
According to the Agency of the Republic of Kazakhstan on statistics, the share of retail trade in the
average for the years 2009-2011 was 0.9% of total tax revenues of the country. In 2011, the retail
consumer goods given to the republican budget 50 billion. Tenge, which is 0.9% of all fees this year.
In developed countries such as the USA, England, Germany, France, Switzerland, etc., retail forms
from 20% to 40% of budget revenues.
A feature of economically developed countries in the field of internal trade is that almost all of these
economies, retail 80% -85% controlled by domestic retail banking networks. So, for example, in
Germany, 95% of domestic retail network is controlled by 5 retailers - Edeka (25% of the local
market), Schwarz (19%), Rewe (18%), Aldi (18%), Metro (13%). In France, about 85% of the
market controlled by local distribution companies - Carrefour SA (about 30% of the local market),
Groupe Auchan, Centres Distributeurs, Casino Guichard-Perrachon. In England, nearly a third - 28%
of the market controlled by the company Tesco, Asda accounted for 16%, Sainsbury - 15%,
Morrisons - 11%, for a total of more than 80% of the market controlled by local network. In the US,
the world's largest retailer Wal-Mart controls about 25% of the local market FMCG, following it
Kroger - 17%, Safeway - 8%, Supervalu - 5%, and the whole local network operators control
virtually all consumer goods retail market, and the share of foreign networks does not exceed 3% 5%. In Finland, as well FMCG retail market is controlled exclusively by local networks - such as the K
Group, Kesko Oyj, S Group.
It has long been observed that all the world's network operators, coming at a given local market is a
result of their domestic producers, who are always compared to local producers have a dominant
position on the shelves of these trade networks, ie, American networks are promoting American
manufacturers, the French network of French producers, the German network of German
manufacturers, etc .. This trend is well-established and traditional.
Government almost all developed countries of the world hidden or explicitly make every effort to keep
their retail markets under the control of local network operators. For example, the global giant WalMart since 1997 trying to break into the German market, but could not resist the local market and at
the time of the sale in 2006 of its network of local companies Metro's market share was only 2%.
Approximately the same situation with the company Wal-Mart and in South Korea, where he had to
sell his business local network Shinsegae. For many years the German network operators are trying
to break into the market of the Scandinavian countries, but not in one of the Scandinavian countries,
the share of German network operators do not exceed 1% of the local market. The main aim of
keeping the retail trade infrastructure under the control of local networks is ultimately to protect
domestic producers, which in turn provides real domestic production and overall competitiveness of
the domestic economy.
Estimated Funding for the implementation of measures of state support:
According to the Agency of the Republic of Kazakhstan on statistics for the period from 2010 to 2012 in
the retail trade of the Republic of Kazakhstan was invested 241 billion. Tenge, or almost 1.6 billion.
US dollars. The largest volumes of investments for the period from 2010 to 2012 in the field of
trade-related infrastructure of the republic has been invested in construction of shopping centers 184 bn. In 3 years. Significantly less money was invested in the construction of "mini / supermarket"
- 29.5 billion. Tenge. A little less money was invested in trade and logistics warehouses - 25 billion.
Tenge. And least of all funds have been invested in infrastructure "Market / Bazaar" - only 1.8 bn. In
3 years all over the country.
According to the analysis based on data from the National Bank of Kazakhstan the volume of long-term
borrowings as of October 1, 2013 of the second-tier banks branch "Retail" for the development of
trade infrastructure amounted to 321 billion. Tenge (or $ 2.1 billion.).
According to the calculations on the financing mechanism for subsidizing interest rates on loans for the
construction of shopping and logistics facilities required from 2014 to 2020 - 230 053 mln. Tenge.
During the period of implementation of the program will be invested in all about1 trillion. tenge and
has built more than 6.7 million sq. m. meters of new retail space modern formats. For example, in
2013 in the republic there were just 6.9 million sq. Meters of retail space trading enterprises (shops,
shopping center, etc.).
According to the calculations on the financing mechanism for subsidizing interest rates of loans and
leasing of commercial equipment and other special equipment required trade from 2014 to 2020 will
require 8,513 mln. Tenge. During the period of implementation of the program will be invested in
the purchase of commercial machinery and equipment more than 66 bln..
To develop the sector in the framework of the program "Modernization of the retail sector and trade
infrastructure 2020" provides the involvement of high-quality foreign experts whose presence will
open the domestic companies access to advanced technology management retailers. According to
the program is expected to attract professionals from the leaders in the retail sector - namely, the
country's EU members, Turkey, Japan, South Korea, USA, Canada. This instrument of state must
equalize access to the world's best human resources of domestic trading companies with foreign
trading companies. Total from 2014 to 2020 under the program will be concluded 830 annual labor
contracts with foreign experts. In general, to subsidize 50% of the salary of foreign specialists from
2014 to 2020 will require 7.5 billion. Tenge.
Another way of development of the domestic retail market and enhance the competitiveness of
domestic trading companies seems to attract franchises from the world famous trading companies.
The Program is expected to subsidize 50% of the acquisition costs of finished business systems in
the form of deductibles totaling $ 3.5 billion. Tenge.
As the Program will be subsidized by these types of consulting services as market research,
development of business plans and feasibility studies for a total amount not more than 5 million.
Tenge for each type of service. It is supposed to during the implementation of the program from
2014 to 2020 highlight on advisory support to 950 million. Tenge.
It is also expected to provide subsidies for the purchase of services for the development of design and
estimate documentation (DED) for projects of shopping centers. During the period of
implementation of the program is expected to develop over 80 PSD projects from 10 sq. M. meters
to the 50 th. or more. Total to subsidize this tool support will be allocated for the years 2014 -2020
2.9 billion. Tenge.
An important element in the success of retail networks is the availability of high-quality software that
allows you to monitor and plan current and future logistics and financial flows within the retail
network. On the tool support will be allocated 1 billion. Tenge.
In general subsidies such as tools to support the acquisition of the franchise, consulting services, PSD
shopping facilities and special software is required from 2014 to 2020 - 15,955 mln. Tenge.
The authors of the program is considered appropriate in order to minimize potential systemic risks in
the implementation of the state program "Modernization of the retail sector and trade infrastructure
2020" to take advantage of the turned valuable experience and proven financial mechanism of state
support implemented within the framework of the "Program CST 2020". As practice shows the
program "CST 2020" due to the fact that all of the state budget funds through the "CST 2020" are
allocated through the mechanism of attraction of BWI, who are the primary decision on lending to
business projects and virtually on a par with the state share risks on all approved projects , cases of
misuse of funds by the program "CST 2020" have been identified. To date, the mechanism of
decision-making on the allocation of state financial support and a system to minimize risks in the
framework of the "CST 2020" is considered the most reliable and efficient.
ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF A SUSPECTED OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC effect of the implementation of
state support for development of trade infrastructure:
As part of the program for the first in 2014 thanks to the commissioning of the entire country of 220
thousand sq. Meters of retail space will be created 15.7 thousand. New jobs. And already in 2015
due to the commissioning of 1.4 million square feet of retail space is projected to create more than
103 thousand. New jobs. In general, for the period from 2014 to 2020 will create more than 480
thousand. New jobs. For example, in 2013 for all retail trade enterprises (excluding markets)
republic worked 576 thousand. Man.
During the period of implementation of the program from all sources will be invested 990 billion. Tenge
and built 6.5 million square feet of retail space. Only at the stage of construction of new shopping
facilities in the state budget will be paid all taxes totaling $ 161 billion. Tenge.
The total investment in the acquisition of commercial equipment and technology will be more than 66
bn. Of which will be paid to the budget of about 14 billion. Tenge.
On the activities of foreign highly skilled professionals attracted to the development of the
competitiveness of domestic trading companies, from 7.4 billion. Tenge of grants allocated for the
period from 2014 to 2020, back to the state budget at the expense of such taxes as IDUs (10%) and
heart failure (11%) will return more than 3.1 billion. tenge.
Built in the framework of the new commercial sites (more than 6.5 million sq. M. Meters) with its
activities will pay to the state budget during the Program 450 billion. Tenge.
At the same time created the program 480 thousand. New jobs over the period from 2014 to 2020,
payments to the budget (only by PIT-10% and 11% CH) taxes totaling 588 billion. Tenge.
In general, over the program period from 2014 to 2020 will require funding from the state budget for
the total amount - 254 billion. Tenge. At the same time for the same time on all counts and sources
in the framework of the sectoral programs in the state budget will be paid out of tax deductions
totaling $ 1 217 bn.. This means that the profitability of the Software or return on investment by the
State for the period from 2014 to 2020 was 478%, ie for each sub-KZT1 state will receive in the
form of tax deductions 4.78 m. These calculations take into account only the direct effect of the
Program and the sources of tax payments within the retail trade, excluding the indirect and
multiplier effects on other sectors of the economy. Definitely, that development of trade
infrastructure with a high proportion in the domestic market of domestic retail chains extremely
positive impact on domestic producers of consumer goods as well as on agriculture.
Due to the implementation of the program "Modernization of the retail sector and trade infrastructure
2020" will retail for the period from 2014 to 2020 to radically change the picture of the prevalence in
the country such obsolete retail format as "Bazaars / markets." Many regional centers of
administration and especially the city of Almaty and Astana for the first time get a real tool for
solving problems with bazaars. As it is known today almost all major cities of the country suffer from
uncontrolled and spontaneous operation of markets that do not want to move into new, more
modern formats and at the same time, local executive bodies just can not offer them real
mechanisms relatively painless transition to civilized formats trade.
Through the program "Modernization of the retail sector and trade infrastructure 2020 'share of the
market square in the country declined from 49% in 2013 to 20% in 2020. In absolute terms, the
market area during the same time to decrease throughout the country with 6.5 million sq. M. meters
to 3.5 million square feet. m.
Through the program share network retail formats will increase from 11% in 2013 to 25% of all retail
space, and up to 50% of total retail turnover.
In general, due to the effect of direct (the formation and operation of more efficient retail industry) and
indirect effects (stimulating the purchase of products for domestic producers and agriculture)
program "Modernization of the retail sector and trade infrastructure 2020" will contribute in different
years contribution to GDP growth ranging from 0.2% to 1.7%. On average over the period from
2014 to 2020 the average annual contribution of GDP growth will be 1.2% of the republic.
SECTION 1. Comprehensive market research retail and security of the population of
modern retail space
1 Overview of retailers
1.1 The volume of retail space trading enterprises (stores) RK
Diagram 1.1. The volume of retail trade enterprises of retail space (shops) by year
Source: data from the Agency for Statistics
IMPORTANT NOTE: Prior to 2011, the Agency of the Republic of Kazakhstan on Statistics
provides data on sales areas of trade objects (stores) excluding area shopping malls (shopping centers).
However, since 2011 (ie since the start of the state "Programme for Trade") revised the method used to
calculate the ARKS retail space and commercial enterprises began to include them in the area of trading
houses. For this reason, in 2009 and 2010, the volume of retail space have abnormal growth - 119% and
40%, respectively, and a total of over 2 years increased by 210%.
According to the ARKS in 2010 in the country there is a decrease of retail space. So from 2010 to
2012, total retail space in the country fell from 7.9 million square feet. meters to 6.9 million square
meters, or 13%
1.2
Volumes of retail space trading markets (bazaars) RK
Diagram 1.2. The volume of retail space trading markets by year
Source: data from the Agency for Statistics
Dynamics of shopping markets from 2008 to 2012 grew at an annual average of 3%. So in five
years, from 2007 to 2012, total retail space markets republic grew from 5.5 million sq. M. meters to 6.5
square meters. meters, generally 18%.
1.3
The index of retail space per 1,000 people.
Diagram 1.3. Sevice shops per 1,000 people by region, 2012
Source: data from the Agency for Statistics
According to the Agency for statics in 2012 in the country for 1000 had 417 square
meters. meters of retail space stores. In the area of the shop area of better provision is observed in the
Atyrau region - 631 square meters. meter per 1000 population, slightly less than the provision in the
Aktobe region 582 sq. meters per 1,000 people. In the city of Astana 573 sq. meter shop area accounted
for 1,000 people. Least shop area provided Almatinskaya and Kyzylorda region - 294 and 238 square
meters. m.
Diagram 1.3. Sevice markets in 1000 by region in 2012
Source: data from the Agency for Statistics
On average, in the Republic of Kazakhstan for 1000 people, have 390 square meters. meters of
retail markets. The largest area markets (bazaars / Spontaneous markets) accounted for the residents of
Almaty area - 717 square meters per 1,000 inhabitants. The second place by providing the market is, the
Astana - 555 square meters. Markets meters per 1,000 people. Least of all markets account for
population Kostanai and Pavlodar region - 166 and 109 square meters. meters per 1,000 people,
respectively,.
1.4
The ratio of retail space shops and markets of Kazakhstan
Diagram 1.4. The volume of retail space trading markets by year
Source: data from the Agency for Statistics
As can be seen from the chart above, the whole population of the Republic of Kazakhstan
equally secured areas of markets and areas related to stationary stores. On average for the country as
they relate to the area of 51% attributable to the shops and 49% attributable to the markets.
In terms of regions the most positive picture observed in the Pavlodar region - 76% of the area
falls on trading companies (ie, stationary shops) and the remaining 24% on the markets. Just a wider
area of commercial enterprises are common in Kustanai region - they are 74% and area markets - 26%.
In Aktobe region shopping area stores occupy 70% and 30% of the area falls on the markets. In the
cities of Almaty and Astana on store area accounts for 53% and 51%, and 47% of the bazaars and 49%,
respectively. From all regions of the worst to deal with the promotion of trade / Shop Area situation in
Mangistau, Kyzylorda and Almaty regions - here at bazaars have to a much larger area - 53%, 59% and
71%, respectively.
1.5
The volume of retail trade turnover
Volume of retail trade is an essential quantitative performance sales organizations.
Diagram 1.5. Total retail sales.
Source: based on the analysis of data and DAMU RG Agency of statistics.
According to the Agency for Statistics, the retail trade turnover in 2012 amounted to 4,568 bln.,
And for the period since 2002 has increased by 5.5 times. Compared with 2010, the volume of retail
trade turnover increased by 18% or 702 billion tenge.
Diagram 1.5.1 Retail sales per capita.
Source: Agency of statistics.
No less important is the dynamics of retail sales per capita.
For 11 years, the volume of retail trade increased from 55.6 thousand tenge in 2002 to 272
thousand tenge in 2012, or 4.9 times. Over the last year the growth rate of retail sales per capita was
16.5%.
1.6
Turnover by sales channel
Diagram 1.6.1 Dynamics of the trade structure by sales channels.
Source: based on the analysis of data and DAMU RG Agency of statistics.
According to official data of the Statistics Agency in the formation of total retail turnover in 2012, 54%
(2452 bln.) Owned commercial enterprises (shopping), and 46% - trade in the markets, the volume of
which is equal to 2.115 trillion. Tenge.
Between 2002 and 2012 the turnover generated by individual entrepreneurs and markets, declined from
72% to 46%, reflecting the fact that the development of retail formats for the analyzed period.
With regard to the dynamics of the retail trade in the context of sales channels, in the period from 2002
to 2012 was marked sure increase the proportion of commercial enterprises in the structure of retail
trade - from 28.5% to 54%
1.7
Turnover by business dimension
All retail organizations are divided among themselves on the number of employees in large, medium and
small.
Diagram 1.7.1 Dynamics of retail turnover on the dimension of enterprises.
Source: based on the analysis of data and DAMU RG Agency of statistics.
Leading positions in recent years in the retail system takes a small business. Its share in 2012 is 65% (or
2.318 trillion. Tenge) in total retail turnover.
Second place confidently take the average trade organizations. As of 2012 the average sales points form
21% of the total turnover of retail trade enterprises.
The smallest contribution to the volume of trade are making large enterprises - in 2012 it amounted to
520 billion. Tenge (14%).
Table 1.7.1 Retail sales on the dimension of enterprises, 2012
Small
businesses,
billion
tenge
The share
of SB, %
Mediumsized
enterprises,
billion
tenge
767
The share
of the
ME, %
2 318
100,0
100,0
The Republic of
Kazakhstan
508
21,9
202
26,3
city Almaty
292
12,6
47
6,1
East Kazakhstan
284
12,3
60
7,8
Karagandy
173
7,5
25
3,3
Aktobe
167
7,2
159
20,7
city of Astana
143
6,2
14
1,8
Almatinskaya
109
4,7
19
2,5
Pavlodar
98
4,2
36
4,7
South Kazahstanckaya
85
3,7
38
5,0
Atyrau
78
3,4
16
2,1
Akmola
77
3,3
25
3,3
West Kazakhstan
71
3,1
24
3,1
Kyzylordinskaya
70
3,0
20
2,6
Zhambyl
67
2,9
20
2,6
South Kazakhstan
57
2,5
40
5,2
Kostanayskaya
Source: based on the analysis of data and DAMU RG Agency of statistics.
Large
enterprises,
billion
tenge
The share
of LP, %
520
100,0
293
56,3
15
2,9
28
5,4
60
11,5
22
4,2
0
0,0
15
2,9
25
4,8
22
4,2
5
1,0
5
1,0
0
0,0
6
1,2
0
0,0
18
3,5
On the formation of retail trade turnover by region and dimension of enterprises have a
significant impact factors of socio-economic development of each region individually, such as the size and
age structure of population, income paid employees and the average income per family member, the
prices of basic consumer goods and their rates growth, and many others.
In the formation of the national retail turnover of a small business in 2012, the most significant
are the following regions: city of Almaty - 508 billion. Tenge, which is 21.9% of the total turnover of
small businesses, East Kazakhstan region - 292 bln. (12.6 %) and Karagandy region - 284 bln. (12.3%).
And the smallest contribution to make this kind of turnover: Mangystau region - 39 bln. (1,7%), Kostanay
region with of 57 bln. (2.5%), and South Kazakhstan Oblast - 67 bln., 2, 9%.
Trade turnover average retail business is generated from active trading activities of enterprises in
Almaty, their volume reached 202 billion. Tenge and 26.3% in the total retail turnover medium-sized
enterprises, the Astana - 159 billion. Tenge or 20.7%. These two regions together form a little less than
half (47%) of the total trade. The rest of his offer all other regions, the share of which are not
equivalent, from 1.8% in the Almaty region (14 bln.) To 7.8% in the Karaganda region (60 bln.).
More than half (56.3%) of total retail trade, formed by large enterprises accounted for g.Almaty 293 bln.. 11.5% - in the Aktobe region (60 bln.); 4.2% of the retail turnover of large enterprises
accounted for, the Astana (22 bln. Tenge).
In all regions, the main contribution to turnover in the region make a small business. But the
share of retail turnover in each region on the dimension of trade organizations uniquely distributed. If in
Almaty region 91% of the total turnover of the area form a small business, then in Astana, their share is
only 48%. The share of medium-sized enterprises in the regional scope ranges from 9% to Almaty region
to 46% in Astana. In relation to large enterprises, their share varies from almost zero in areas such as
Almatinskaya, Kyzylorda, South Kazakhstan to the maximum 29% in Almaty.
This table describes the presence in each region trade organizations according to their size and
preferences of customers in the region to existing outlets.
Underdevelopment of the retail market in certain regions of the country due to the geographical
location, the resident population, as well as the level of development of social and transport
infrastructure.
1.8
Evaluation of the shadow turnover in retail trade
Table 1.8.1 Turnover and actually listed taxes from 2009 to 2011.
2009
2010
2011
FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE FOR THE "MARKET / BAZAAR"
Turnover, in bln.
taxes paid in bn.
% Turnover tax
1304
1630
1874
0,049
0,043
0,003
0,0038%
0,0026%
0,00016%
FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE FOR THE "COMMERCIAL ENTERPRISES / SHOPS"
Turnover, in bln.
taxes paid in bn.
% Turnover tax
1247
1567
1991
32
36
50
2,56%
2,31%
2,51%
2551
3197
3865
31,9
36,2
50,1
1,25%
1,13%
1,30%
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS WHOLE "RETAIL"
Turnover, in bln.
taxes paid in bn.
% Turnover tax
Source: Agency for Statistics
According to the Agency for Statistics actual tax burden on retail turnover "Market / Bazaar" in
the Republic of Kazakhstan was so miserable that is not even a tenth of 1%, or rather that for example in
2010 was only about 0.0026% and in 2011 only - 0.00016% of all retail sales markets.
In this case, the tax burden on ordinary shops (classification SARK "commercial enterprise")
hundreds of times greater than the load on the markets and averaged over the period from 2009 to
2011, about 2.4% of the total retail turnover of trade enterprises.
In general, it should be noted that the tax burden on retail turnover in the sum over all sales
channels accounted for the specified time period of about 1.2% of the total turnover, with almost 100%
of all payments are made through the trade shops.
Diagram 1.8.1 Estimation of the shadow of retail turnover.
Source: Evaluation DAMU Research Group, based on the data ARKS
NOTE: This analytical report under the "shadow of retail turnover" we mean retail turnover from
which taxes have not been paid, what could happen as a consequence of intentional non zafiksirovanna
turnover at the cash register (this includes most of the turnover in the markets), and retail trade turnover
which deliberately understated the tax base due to an artificial increase in expenses and losses.
According to research agency DAMU Research Group, about 87% of retail trade turnover of the
republic is in the informal retail trade which deliberately not paid taxes.
Thus, in the Republic of Kazakhstan from 4567 bln. (Or $ 30.4 billion.) Of retail trade turnover for
2012 of 87%, or 3,973 bn. ($ 26.4 billion.) Is located in the shadow turnover.
1.9
Commissioning of new retail space
Increase in the number of shopping centers shows that the demand for trading platforms among
retailers. This means that, despite the global financial crisis, the purchasing power of the population is
not only reduced, but also gradually gathering pace.
Table 1.9.1 Commissioning shopping facilities in 2012
Actually entered
the square meters
of retail space
Covered markets and
pavilions (market
places)
Trading Houses
Supermarkets
Minimarkets
Pharmacies
Shopping Centers, M
Source: Agency for Statistics
new
construction
including objects
reconstruction
1 388,0
expansion
-
152 506,2
128 296,2
10 939,0
13 271,0
16 190,9
14 554,9
-
1 636,0
65 218,4
43 584,9
18 396,5
3 237,0
5 670,0
3 960,80
1 383,2
326,0
98 390,0
49 323,0
49 067,0
-
In 2012, there were positive changes in the policy of the introduction of new and reconstruction of
existing retail space. So one year was commissioned 65,218 sq m of retail space minimarket, basically it
was the introduction of new retail space - 43,585 square meters and 18,397 square meters. m were
reconstructed.
152506 square meters of selling space was introduced by trading houses, including new construction was
128,296 sq m, or 84% of the total area of these objects.
Increased supermarket chain on 16191 sqm of retail space, including new retail properties accounted for
90%.
2 Overview of modern retail formats
2.1 Overview of modern retail formats
The strategic goal of the State Program "Modernization of the retail sector and trade infrastructure
2020" is "Creating a system and institutional framework for sustainable development of the trade sector
of the Republic of Kazakhstan and increase its competitiveness." Any system of trade and industry is
primarily a system that basically is a heterogeneous structure, and this structure, each segment has its
own characteristics. Unable to use the same tools to solve problems, without the knowledge and
understanding of the individual segments of the industry. That is why the problem of classification of
retail properties Republic of Kazakhstan is essential for the effective implementation of the Programme.
To date, the Republic of Kazakhstan in the market shopping facilities are still not accepted a single
classification, adapted to the conditions of Kazakhstan. Standard Classification no among marketers and
developers who regularly engaged in the study of the market, or among government agencies
responsible for monitoring and development of the industry. Often, for the classification of retail
properties Kazakh market participants prefer to use the European classification system, which is also not
uniform. But, nevertheless, at the heart of most of these systems are based on the following
classification criteria: the amount of retail space, the coverage area of the commercial facility, the price
level, the range and specificity of goods sold, the tenant. Depending on the purpose of classification and
the scope of its application focuses on a particular criterion. So, for example, in the segment of shopping
centers in the classification of emphasis is placed on the size of shopping malls and its coverage area
(the district, district, regional and super regional, etc.) in the segment of discounters classification
criterion is the level of prices and methods of computation products (Hard discounter, Soft discounter,
Cash & Carry, etc.), in a separate segment allocated supermarkets and hypermarkets in which the main
criterion is the volume range (from 10,000 to 25,000 name of supermarket products from 25000-40000
for hypermarkets). The problem is not uniformity and inconsistency of the existing classification systems
often become apparent when the same commercial object can simultaneously be a "shopping center",
"supermarket" or "soft discounter". Such layering occur in the labeling of the fact that each classification
developed by various authors have different goals and objectives, and is used in various market
segments. Moreover, market analysts have long recognized the fact that it is impossible to create a
universal classification, which could be used anytime and anywhere. That is why, depending on the goals
and objectives of the baseline, scope, etc .. were created different classifications.
2.2 The criteria for the classification of trade formats
Despite the lack of a single harmonized classification in Kazakhstan, as well as in Europe, formed a
variety of market store formats, each with its own characteristics: the traditional location, assortment,
pricing, organization of warehouse logistics, a form of customer service, organization of retail space, and
etc .. Notwithstanding the fact that in practice no clear boundaries in the criteria of these formats do not
exist, however, in its analysis we try draw a conditional borders for each of the classification criteria
listed above.
On the basis of the above types of classifications, in schematic form, we will list the criteria of
market formats shopping facilities where the traditional color selection means compliance with this
format:
Format№1. "Shop" at home"
Shop at home - is a trading object represented by one entity trading activity that implements a
specialized range of essential commodities to 5,000 items, mostly not part of the trade network and does
not provide for his own parking, a shopping area of 100 sq.m .:
№ CRITERIA
1
By the number of subjects of
trading activity:
2
In terms of area shopping
facility:
format "SHOP AT HOME"
With a single subject
Up to 100
m
From 100
to 500 m
With several subjects
From 500 to From 1000 to Up tp 3000 m
1000 m
3000 m
3
The assortment of
commercial facility
Specialized
4
By volume range, units.
6
On consolidation
Network
No network
7
By the presence of its own
parking
Available
Not available
up to 1000
units.
With mixed
from 1000 to
5000 units.
from 5000 to
25000 units.
up to 25000
units.
Format№2. "Supermarket"
Minimarket - a trading object represented by one or more subjects of trading activity that provides
specialized or general merchandise goods to 5,000 titles, providing availability of parking, commercial
space of 100 sq.m. up to 500 sq.m .
№ CRITERIES
1
4
By the number of subjects of
trading activity:
By area of the commercial
facility:
By the assortment of
commercial facility
By volume range
6
On consolidation
7
By the presence of its own
parking
2
3
format: “SUPERMARKET”
With a single subject
Up to 100
m
From 100
to 500 m
Specialized
With several subjects
From 500 to From 1000 to Up tp 3000 m
1000 m
3000 m
With mixed
up to 1000
from 1000 to
units.
5000 units.
Network
Available
from 5000 to
up to 25000
25000 units.
units.
No network
Not available
Format№3. «Supermarket»
Supermarket – is a trading object represented by several entities trading activity that implements
specialized goods or merchandise from 1000 to 25,000 titles, inbound / not included in the trading
network and provides for self-parking, with sales area of 500 to 3000 m.:
№ CRITERIES
1
4
By the number of subjects of
trading activity:
By area of the commercial
facility:
By the assortment of
commercial facility
By volume range
6
On consolidation
7
By the presence of its own
parking
2
3
format: “SUPERMARKET”
With a single subject
Up to 100
m
From 100
to 500 m
Specialized
up to 1000
units.
Network
With several subjects
From 500 to From 1000 to Up tp 3000 m
1000 m
3000 m
With mixed
from 1000 to
5000 units.
Available
from 5000 to
25000 units.
No network
up to 25000
units.
Not available
Format№4. «Gypermarket»
Gypermarket – is a trading object represented by several entities trading activity that implements
specialized goods or merchandise from 5000 to 25,000 titles, inbound / nevhodyaschy in trading
networks and provides for their own parking, a shopping area of over 3000 square meters. m
№ CRITERIES
format: “GYPERMARKET”
1
4
By the number of subjects of
trading activity:
By area of the commercial
facility:
By the assortment of
commercial facility
By volume range
6
On consolidation
7
By the presence of its own
parking
2
3
With a single subject
Up to 100 From 100
m
to 500 m
Specialized
up to 1000
units.
Network
With several subjects
From 500 to From 1000 to Up tp 3000 m
1000 m
3000 m
With mixed
from 1000 to
5000 units.
Available
from 5000 to
25000 units.
No network
up to 25000
units.
Not available
Format№5. «Specialized shopping center»
Specialized shopping center – is a commercial property with a total sales area is generally from 1000
square meters and more, presented a variety of subjects of trading activity, with a specialized range (or
building materials or Household electrical appliances or furniture, etc.), the volume range can be from
1,000 to 25,000 items (u), may or may not be included in the trading network must have its own
parking:
№ CRITERIES
1
4
By the number of subjects of
trading activity:
By area of the commercial
facility:
By the assortment of
commercial facility
By volume range
6
On consolidation
7
By the presence of its own
parking
2
3
format: “SPECIALIZED SHOPPING CENTER”
With a single subject
Up to 100 From 100
m
to 500 m
Specialized
With several subjects
From 500 to From 1000 to Up tp 3000 m
1000 m
3000 m
With mixed
up to 1000
from 1000 to
units.
5000 units.
Network
Available
from 5000 to
up to 25000
25000 units.
units.
No network
Not available
Format№6. «Shopping center»
Shopping center – is a commercial property with a total sales area is generally from 1000 square
meters and more, presented a variety of subjects of trade activity, with mixed assortment, the volume
range of 25,000 or more items (u), may or may not be included in the trading network must have own
parking:
№ CRITERIES
1
4
By the number of subjects of
trading activity:
By area of the commercial
facility:
By the assortment of
commercial facility
By volume range
6
On consolidation
7
By the presence of its own
parking
2
3
format: “SHOPPING CENTER”
With a single subject
Up to 100 From 100
m
to 500 m
Specialized
With several subjects
From 500 to From 1000 to Up tp 3000 m
1000 m
3000 m
With mixed
up to 1000
from 1000 to
units.
5000 units.
Network
Available
from 5000 to
up to 25000
25000 units.
units.
No network
Not available
Format№7. «Shopping Mall (shopping mall)»
Shopping Mall (shopping mall) – is a commercial property with a total sales area of 3,000 square
meters and more, presented a variety of subjects of trade activity, with mixed assortment includes not
only goods (goods "FMCG" Clothing / Footwear, Household Appliances, Office Electrical and Computer,
Cell Phones, furniture, etc.) but as well as catering services and entertainment (food court, beauty,
entertainment, movie theaters, etc.), the volume of the SEC range of 25,000 or more items (u), as can
go and not to go shopping in the network must have its own parking lot:
№ CRITERIES
1
4
By the number of subjects of
trading activity:
By area of the commercial
facility:
By the assortment of
commercial facility
By volume range
6
On consolidation
7
By the presence of its own
parking
2
3
2.2.1
format: “SHOPPING MALL (SHOPPING MALL)”
With a single subject
Up to 100 From 100
m
to 500 m
Specialized
up to 1000
units.
Network
Available
With several subjects
From 500 to From 1000 to Up tp 3000 m
1000 m
3000 m
With mixed
from 1000 to
5000 units.
from 5000 to
25000 units.
No network
up to 25000
units.
Not available
Explanation of modern trade formats
In the business and the business environment is often used such a term as "a modern shopping
formaty." It is noteworthy that the term became widespread only in the post-Soviet space. As a rule, the
term is used in the broadest sense, in the case of most existing formatov. However, the only exception to
all existing formatov which traditionally have not used this term it stores "at home". The reason that the
term "modern shopping formaty" is not used in relation to this formata, is that the latter are relatively
high production costs, which consist of the following main components:
1. The relatively high unit costs for transportation and storage (logistics);
2. The relatively high unit costs for administrative and production staff;
3. due to the small scale trade relatively high purchase (input) prices, and as a result of the high
level of retail (output) prices.
All other formaty usually have a considerably large shopping area, shopping can be included in the
network, and generally have substantially lower unit production costs.
Based on the fact that we exclude from modern shopping formatov shops "at home", according to
the latest may include commercial properties with a total sales area of just over 100 square meters. Thus
the category of modern shopping formatov may include only the following formaty - "Minimarket",
"Supermarkety", "Gypermarkety", "Specialized shopping centers", "Shopping Centers" and "SEC".
Belonging to any network, in addition to the size of retail space, is also a fundamental difference
between modern shopping formatov. Just as is the case with the size of retail space, network compares
favorably to the individual retail facilities that are capable of scale significantly reduce their unit
production and administrative costs, and thus be more competitive and more attractive to consumers.
Retail chain recognized two or more retail facilities under common management (management), common
trade name (brand), a single product line and pricing. Traditionally, retail facilities included in the
network, serving more than large flows of customers and the volume of trade than similar-size shopping
area of individual retail properties (ie, not part of the network). This is achieved due to the fact that the
network formaty in their pricing adhere to lower prices by at least 5% -10% lower than the unit (or socalled independent) shops. Exception of individual retail properties are single "specialized trade center",
"shopping center" and "shopping and entertainment center" owners and administration who often do not
engage in retail trade organizations, and specialize only in the leasing and management of commercial
real estate. If prices in the retail network different from the prices of individual stores less than 5%, for
example if the prices are lower by only 3%, the so-called "effect of price elasticity of demand" does not
work, and sales network is not getting a wider customer flow. Accordingly shopping online to be able to
be placed on their shelves lower retail prices must procure goods for its network at lower prices by 5% 10% lower than non-network unit (independent) shops. It is well known that the suppliers of goods in
retail facilities, distributors and dealers, including the producers themselves, have a flexible pricing policy,
which depends on the volume, ie, the larger the volume, the lower the price. In order to qualify for
discounts from suppliers by 5%, the store must purchase quantities of goods at least 5-10 times more
than the shop "at home", otherwise the distributor / dealer / manufacturer will not be able to turn to
benefit from "economies of scale" . Thus, based on the foregoing, trade networks for the desired price
positioning in the market by 5% -10% lower than the "convenience stores", you must have a total
turnover of at least 5-10 times more than a single shop "at home" . Accordingly, given that format retail
facilities "shop at home" has a maximum sales area up to 100 m2, commercial facilities to meet the
criteria of modern shopping formatov and generating turnover at times more than "shop at home", you
must have a trading area (other things being equal competitive conditions) from 100 to 500 m2, and a
square. m. Thus:
due to higher sales area and the possibility of laying a wider range to attract and serve a greater
flow of customers;
thus reach many times larger volume of trade;
respectively have leverage over suppliers and the opportunity to buy from suppliers at lower
prices;
and therefore offer customers lower prices, which in turn also affects sales.
It is such a causal link can not not included in the trading network unit commerce, usually
represented by small shops "at home", with a small total sales area (up to 100 sq. Meters) meet the
criteria of modern shopping formatov.
Thus, based on all of the above, as well as taking into account international experience and
Kazakhstan, we affirm that:
"The modern shopping format - one or a combination of two or more retail properties belonging to
a single trading network with a common name, a single market concept, unified management, as well as
a minimum cumulative sales area of commercial facility or the entire distribution network of 500 square
meters or more."
3
The level of development of retail trade in the country
3.1 Analysis of the structure of retail space in the sizes and formats of trade in
Kazakhstan
The size distribution of retail space, as of now, according to the existing classification of retail properties
on trade formats is shown in the following diagram:
Diagram 3.1.1 Shares of retail space in the structure of retail trade in Kazakhstan.
Source: Based on the analysis DAMU RG.
The main share of retail space in the country is occupied by convenience stores, whose share is
41%. This format has the trade widespread in all regions of the country in connection with the current
trading system since the Soviet era, as well as fairly low population density per unit area of the country,
which hinders the pace of development of modern formatov trade areas.
Following the share of retail space followed by mini markets (18%).
Shares of retail space, accounting for supermarkety and specialized shopping center is at 12%
per trade format.
Malls and shopping centers are also less common in the country, and the densities of retail space
occupied by them is 7% and 5% respectively.
Even less retail space in the country accounted for gypermarkety, their share in the distribution
of retail space there was in the amount of 4%.
Diagram 3.1.2 Structure of the retail space in the regions on the formats of retail space.
Source: Based on the analysis DAMU RG.
According to the diagram shows that are better than others formatov retail space in comparison
to areas represented by "shop at home". Most of its interests are presented in South Kazakhstan region
(69%) and less likely this format presented in Astana (20%).
Minimarkets in the whole country represented almost the same proportion on average 18-19%.
Supermarkety have the largest share in the Atyrau region (28%) and lowest in the South
Kazakhstan region (5%) due to the large number of "convenience stores".
Gypermarkety currently have a low rate in the country and by region, it ranges from 2% to 9%.
Specialized shopping centers in the whole of Kazakhstan take a share of supermarketam and
represent 12%. Better than others, they are represented in the North Kazakhstan region and account for
20% of the total share formatov of retail space on the field. Only 3% of this format is presented in KyzylOrda region.
Diagram 3.1.3 Structure of the retail space in the regions the size of retail space.
Source: Based on the analysis DAMU RG.
From the analysis of the chart shows that in all regions of Kazakhstan the most involved areas up
to 100 m2. For example, in South Kazakhstan oblast shopping area of this size cover 70% of the
structure of space and rooms in different sizes, respectively, have a very low share. Less than other data
areas involved in Astana (21%) due to the fact that here are the most popular area of more than 3000
m2 (42%), which is the highest rate among other regions.
Comparative analysis on the areas with a size of 100-500 m2 shows that a significant proportion
(29%) of these areas are in the Pavlodar region and less than other regions in Astana and Almaty region
(13%).
Sevice dimension 500-1000 m2 also underrepresented because the overall rate in the country is
only 7%. If we compare the regions is allocated a significant indicator for the Atyrau region of 18% and
very low in Zhambyl and Kostanai regions (3%).
Trade area from 1000 to 3000 m2 have a significant share. Highest rate against other regions
allocated Aktobe region (25%) and the smallest shows North Kazakhstan region (6%).
Note: More detailed analysis of the structure of retail space in the sizes and formats of trade by
region, see. Appendix №2.
3.2
Analysis of the structure of retail space on the formats of trade in Kazakhstan,
taking into account the areas of trade markets
Diagram 3.2.1 Shares formats of retail space in the general fund of retail space in Kazakhstan
Source: Based on data analysis and ARKS DAMU RG.
On the whole, in the republic of the entire fund of retail space (subject to market) on trading
markets accounted for 49% of all retail space. Another 21% are trading formata type "shop at home". On
"Minimarket" accounts for 9% of total retail space of the republic. On the format "Supermarkety have to"
6% sales areas of the country. The overall proportion of "specialized shopping centers," "shopping
center" and "shopping and entertainment center" in the general fund of the republic of retail space
occupies 13%. On "Gypermarkety" in the country accounted for 3% of all retail space.
In our opinion, which is based on the results of a study of the entire fund all kinds of retail space
for modern retail space, ie, on commercial sites with minimal trade area of over 500 square meters.
meters and / or members of the trade network, accounting for about 15% of all commercial areas of the
republic, or 35% of all retail space trade objects (stores).
Thus, of 412 square meters. meters of retail space trading enterprises per 1000 persons in the
Republic of Kazakhstan 144 sq. meter is the modern shopping formats.
3.3
Comparative analysis of the regions on the main trade formats
Depending on the pace of socio-economic development of regions, geographical and climatic
features, the spread of modern trade formats in different areas of the country is uneven, so there is a
significant differentiation of the distribution of retail space between its main formatsi.
First place in the national average distribution of retail space belongs formatu retail "shop at
home".
Diagram 3.3.1 Distribution of share space "shop at home" in the total amount of retail space in
the region.
Source: DAMU RG.
This format is presented in the regions not uniquely so in Astana share of retail space attributable
to this format is 20%, and in South Kazakhstan region reaches 69%, which is more than 3 times higher
than in the city of Astana. This is largely due to well-developed infrastructure, high population density,
high-income nation's capital on the one hand, and the rapid development of business and the agricultural
sector in South Kazakhstan region.
On average, the share of the country of retail space occupied by the "store" is 41%. Below the
national average share of trade formata formed in Astana, Aktobe, city Almaty, Atyrau, West Kazakhstan,
North Kazakhstan, Pavlodar and East Kazakhstan oblasts.
Close to the average value of a share of the areas under the "shop at home» East Kazakhstan
region. All other regions, to a greater or lesser degree exceed the national average.
Next in importance in the Republic of Kazakhstan for retailers is format «Minimarkets," which
takes 18% of all retail space.
Diagram 3.3.2 Distribution of share space "shop at home" in the total amount of retail space in
the region.
Source: DAMU RG.
The maximum proportion of the area minimarket celebrated in Pavlodar region (24%), minimum
- in Astana (11%).
Less than the national average values formed the share occupied areas of formata trade in
Astana, Almaty, South Kazakhstan, Mangistau regions.
At the level of the average national share values have occupied areas Atyrau and East
Kazakhstan region. Karagandy and West Kazakhstan.
Diagram 3.3.3 Distribution of share space "STC" in the total amount of retail space in the region.
Source: DAMU RG.
The maximum proportion of the area "STS" is marked in the North-Kazakhstan region (20%),
minimum - in Kyzyl-Orda region (3%).
Less than the national average values formed the share occupied areas of formata trade in
Kyzylorda, South Kazakhstan, Atyrau, Zhambyl, Pavlodar, Akmola, Kostanai regions and the city of
Almaty.
At the level of the average national share values have occupied areas Karagandy and West
Kazakhstan region.
Shares of retail space occupied by "STC" above the average for the country are of Astana,
Almatinskaya, Aktobe, Mangystau, East Kazakhstan and South Kazakhstan region.
At the level of "STC", the share of retail space in the Republic of Kazakhstan is 12%, ranked
«Supermarket».
Diagram 3.3.4 Distribution of share space «Supermarket» in the total amount of retail space in
the region.
Source: DAMU RG.
For formata retail «Supermarket» characterized by the following distribution of the regions
compared with the average:
- The share of the retail space formata trade in the regions below the average are North
Kazakhstan, Mangystau, Kostanay, Zhambyl, West Kazakhstan, Almatinskaya, Karagandy and Pavlodar
region;
- Share in the regional distribution of retail space are above the average value's. Astana and
Almaty, Akmola, Kyzalordinskaya, East Kazakhstan, South Kazakhstan, Atyrau region;
- Aktobe region has a share of the area under this format of trade equal to average.
The minimum share of retail space occupied by "Supermarketami" belongs to South Kazakhstan
region (5%), the maximum - Atyrau region (28%).
In the national average distribution, the proportion of area occupied by the "Gypermarketami"
was 5% which is equal to the square "mall".
Diagram 3.3.5 Distribution of share space «Gypermarket» in the total amount of retail space in
the region.
Source: DAMU RG.
The distribution of the share of the areas under «Gypermarket» between regions is as follows:
- Shares have equal average national West Kazakhstan, Kyzylorda region;
- Higher than the average share values have Almatinskaya and Aktobe region and years. Almaty
and Astana.
The maximum value of the share of retail space under "Gypermarkety" celebrated in the city of
Astana (9%), and the minimum - in North-Kazakhstan oblast (2%).
In the Republic of Kazakhstan format retail "TC" represented 7% of retail space.
Diagram 3.3.6 Distribution of share space "TC" in the total amount of retail space in the region.
Source: DAMU RG.
The minimum value in the distribution of retail space in the regions to the "mall" has Kostanay
region (2%), the maximum of Astana - (14% or 7 times greater than the minimum).
Below the national average share space on this format of trade have Kostanay, South
Kazakhstan, Akmola, Atyrau, East Kazakhstan, Zhambyl and North Kazakhstan region.
Mangystau region has a share of the retail space is equal to average.
The share of occupied space formatom trade "mall" in the Republic of Kazakhstan amounted to
5%.
Diagram 3.3.7 Distribution of share space "mall" in the total amount of retail space in the region.
Source: DAMU RG.
This formate trade observed a sharp differentiation of occupied space: from 1% in the NorthKazakhstan region to 19% in the city of Astana.
Atyrau region has a fraction of the area of trade formata equal average.
Kyzylorda, West Kazakhstan region, city of Almaty and Astana, the proportion of occupied areas
are under the "SEC" exceeding the average national level. In other regions, the proportion of the area
below the existing trade formata national average values.
3.4
The potential capacity of retail space retail Kazakhstan for 2013
Capacity of retail space is estimated by standard indicators of 521m2 per 1,000 inhabitants (0,521m2 /
person). At the same time comfortable security area is 0,159m2 / person. for the food trade, and 0,362
m2 / person for non-food.
On this basis, we can determine the carrying capacity of the retail markets of Kazakhstan, when used in
accordance with modern standards. In this approach, we used the following definition of the carrying
capacity of the market:
Indicator of potential market capacity is the number of residents, which can be served on the resource
trade area, in compliance with modern technologies and standards of customer service.
Table 3.4.1 The potential size of the retail market in Kazakhstan
The population of
the Republic of
Kazakhstan, people.
16 675 392
Current trade area
in the RK
The potential capacity
of retail space
6 869 147
10 264 160
Akmola
731 328
330 284
616 374
Aktobe
786 349
457 824
936 311
1 909 362
560 702
779 280
Atyrau
542 987
342 878
686 709
West Kazakhstan
612 551
208 103
468 211
Zhambyl
1 055 976
355 806
729 480
Karagandy
1 358 064
420 791
780 993
Kostanay
879 579
404 569
458 310
Kyzylorda
712 992
169 973
320 470
Mangystau
545 724
247 521
325 150
2 621 523
985 194
1 898 294
Pavlodar
747 055
263 791
641 360
South Kazakhstan
583 598
286 422
181 307
1 395 059
719 328
771 642
Astana
742 918
425 431
436 528
Almaty
1 450 327
690 531
926 381
RK
Almatinskaya
North Kazakhstan
East Kazakhstan
Source: SARK, Analytics DAMU RG
Table 3.3.1 shows the cumulative assessment of the potential market size, derived from data on
commodity areas in the cities of Kazakhstan. You can see that the number of people that can be serviced
by modern standards, in most cases, significantly less than the actual number of consumers. In other
words, the potential size of the market is less than the number of buyers, therefore, there is a lack of
trading places where people can be served by modern standards. Below this position will generally
confirmed by the data on the distribution of the deficit of retail space across regions and product groups.
This fact shows that a significant part of the retail facilities operating on outdated regulations. At the
same time, in contrast to the early 90s of the last century, population surveys do not reveal a significant
amount of dissatisfaction retail space.
Described observation likely domestic buyers illustrates the position in terms of comfort that accompanies
the purchase. On the one hand, the current level of understanding of the place of shopping requests still
less in comparison with consumers in developed countries, on the other hand, they are far removed from
the minimum queries - dominant post-Soviet period of formation of the retail market.
Nevertheless, the overall satisfaction retail space on the background of modern trade deficit places
shows the priorities of domestic buyers for whom comfort and convenience at the moment are as yet in
the secondary compared to the price of the goods, loss of time on the road and the presence of queues
3.5 Assessment of the current deficit or surplus of retail space in 2013
Table 3.4.1 presents data on the availability of regional trade areas, where lack of space is defined as the
difference between the area required by modern standards of quality of service to the region and actually
availability. Consequently, the presence of the minus sign in the column "total deficit TP" indicates that
the actual sales area more than is required for settlement standards, and in this case the figure should be
understood as an excess of retail space.
The greatest deficiency of retail space observed in Pavlodar and West Kazakhstan region - by 61%,
respectively.
Deficiency in these areas is likely to be explained by the peculiarities of the territorial construction of the
city, which is formed by several compact areas, spaced far enough so that the areas are separated by
extended non-residential areas.
Table 3.5.1 deficit of retail space in the regions
Current trade area
Deficit / surplus
Deficit of retail
space in%
6 869 147
1 611 407
23%
Akmola
330 284
83 534
25%
Aktobe
457 824
131 596
29%
Almatinskaya
560 702
66 628
12%
Atyrau
342 878
71 088
21%
West Kazakhstan
208 103
88 543
43%
Zhambyl
355 806
115 309
32%
Karagandy
420 791
257 602
61%
Kostanay
404 569
27 652
7%
Kyzylorda
169 973
76 610
45%
Mangystau
247 521
36 167
15%
North Kazakhstan
985 194
265 571
27%
Pavlodar
263 791
159 817
61%
South Kazakhstan
286 422
-72 641
-25%
East Kazakhstan
719 328
28 843
4%
Astana city
425 431
10 500
2%
Almaty city
690 531
197 040
29%
RK
Source: SARK, Analytics DAMU RG In accordance with the former Soviet standards, ensuring
neighborhoods through a network of small (up to 150m2) food stores formatu "shop at home" and small
by today's standards, the department stores. Since this trading network was the basis for its development
in the context of Kazakhstan, the existing today deficit of retail space in the city is hereditary, that clearly
says not enough intensive development of the retail sector in the city. Another extreme case - the
country's only surplus of retail space in the North-Kazakhstan region. Here the origin of the anomalies
associated with the markets. In this area, located in the north of Kazakhstan, Soviet-era built covered
markets, able to work in cold and windy weather. As a result, the size of these markets has been
included in the statistics equipped traders. The presence of a significant excess of food retail space in
several regions on the one hand illustrates the residual effect of the imbalance in the distribution of startup period of retail space between the food and consumer goods, on the other hand is a reflection of the
nature of the retail market in the preceding period. Another reason for the excess space due to the fact
that in a certain period of most of the entrepreneurs do not have significant financial resources, have
invested in the development of a network of shops "at home". During this period, investments in small
shops of food were supported by a number of reasons: the desire to have a quick turnover, cheap
apartments on the first floors of buildings and low-cost administrative decisions of local authorities to
stop street trading, including commercial kiosks. As a result, as will be shown below, it is fast building a
home network of stores caused a sharp reduction in the deficit, and in places the appearance of excess
food retail space. Calculations show that the intensive development of a network of small stores is nearly
completed. Extensive development opportunities for small shops is also not much. At the same time,
well-developed network of small shops are open only in a narrow sector of fast daily shopping in a limited
range, whereas for weekly food purchases and not particularly food products consumers prefer
supermarkets and gypermarkets. This implies that the main focus in the development of the retail trade
should be given to increasing the network mini markets, supermarkets and gypermarkets.
3.6
The level of consolidation of the retail market of the Republic of Kazakhstan
An important quality indicator of retail trade is the consolidation of the market, by which is meant the
turnover / sales by trading companies represented not one but several retail outlets, ie a chain of stores
or retail chain. In the state program of development of trade 2011-2014, the rate of consolidation in the
retail derived target indicators and one of the key performance indicators of the Program. It is expected
that when the higher consolidation of retail trade in the country, the efficiency of the industry is expected
to grow due to lower unit costs specific to the integrated commercial facilities into a single network.
Diagram 3.6.1 Dynamics of the common areas brick and mortar and online shopping sites in the Republic
of Kazakhstan.
Source: Census (consensus) shopping facilities DAMU RG.
The total area of commercial facilities relating to network formats is 407 thousand sq. Meters, which is
10.5% of the total retail space of the Republic of Kazakhstan. In general, the total area of commercial
facilities relating to network formats grown for 1 year by 33% to 305 thousand sq. Meters to 407 sq. M.
m. A significant increase in network formats is explained primarily low starting base of the Kazakhstan
market network formats, large market potential and extremely low level of competition.
Diagram 3.6.2 Dynamics of share trading areas brick and mortar and online shopping sites in the
Republic of Kazakhstan, 2010-2013.
Source: Census (consensus) shopping facilities DAMU RG.
Despite certain crisis phenomena observed in the world and the Kazakh economy, the retail market in
Kazakhstan in the period from 2010 to 2013 continues its development. First of all, this is reflected in the
consolidation of the retail trade. Thus, the overall proportion of network formats increased from 5% in
2010 to 10.5% in 2013, while the share of non-networked formats respectively decreased from 95% as
of 2010 to 89.5% in 2013.
SECTION 2. Rationale for the required amount of funding from the state budget for the
modernization of the retail sector
1 Comparative analysis of the level of development of trade-related infrastructure in the
countries. Review and analysis of key indicators of trade development.
1.1 Provision of retail space per 1,000 people
Diagram 1.1. Retail space by country
Source: DAMU Research Group
According to a study conducted by the Harvard School of Design (The Harvard Design School Guide to
Shopping) most wealthy country in the world in terms of retail space per 1,000 people is the United
States - about 31,000 square meters. meters of retail space. US leadership on this indicator is so absolute
that the next one country England behind the leader with a difference of 3 times - 10 thousand square
meters. meters of retail space per 1,000 people. Japan is on the 3rd place on the retail space - about
9,000 square meters. 1,000 meters. Then in the top ten followed by countries such as - Switzerland 7000 sq. meters / per 1000, Singapore - 6000 sq. meters, Netherlands - 5000 sq. meters, Germany 2000 sq. meters, France - 1500 square meters. In China, the supply of retail space is at a level of 500
square meters. meters to 1000 people. In Russia, the provision of retail space is 480 square meters.
meters to 100 people. In Belarus, the average amount of retail space is 488 square meters per 1,000
inhabitants.
In Kazakhstan, according to SARK at the end of 2012 with shopping area is 412 square meters. meters to
1000 people. It is noteworthy that the minimum standard rate on average in Europe - 650 square
meters, while in the US - 1200 sq.m ..
I would like to draw attention to the fact that 412 square meters. meters of retail space per 1,000 people
in Kazakhstan includes all kinds of retail space. Ie in practice, the security of high-quality retail space
modern formats in the country is much less. In Kazakhstan index of retail space a significant proportion
(40%) took this format as a "shop at home", which because of its limited sales area (up to 100 sq.
Meters) does not apply to modern trade formats. It is safe to say that the market is not only modern
trade formats, but in general the market of retail space in the Republic of Kazakhstan is still in its infancy.
In developed countries, Europe, USA, Persian Gulf, Southeast Asia and other countries measure retail
space per 1,000 people in the tens or even hundreds of times higher than the level of Kazakhstan (see.
Chart above).
1.2 Provision of retail space modern retail formats to 1000
Diagram 1.2. Providing modern formatsi retail space by country
Source: DAMU Research Group
According to this indicator as the provision of modern trade formatsi Republic of Kazakhstan greatly lags
behind not only developed countries, but also from its partners in the Customs Union. So in Russia,
according to Rosstat 2010 software only shopping centers amounted to more than 200 square meters.
meters to 100 people, and taking into account the network formats stores over 280 square meters. m. In
Belarus, the provision of modern formatsi trade stands at 200 square meters. meters (from 488 all kinds
of retail space). In Kazakhstan, more than 412 square meters of retail space per 1000 people, according
to research only about 35%, or 144 square meters. meters to 1000 people can be attributed to modern
trade formats.
1.3 Sales per 1 sq. meter of floor space
Diagram 1.3. Sales per 1 sq. meter by country
Source: Analysis DAMU Research Group, based on data from US Census Bureau, OECD, Kantar Retail
(Global Retail Outlook)
Results of the study on 1 sq. meters of retail space in the Republic of Kazakhstan, on average, $ 4670
dollars in annual sales. In Russia, the rate of sales in 1Q. meter is at the level of 6.4 thousand. USD.
What is also a consequence of the relative immaturity of the market and an acute shortage of retail
space.
Just to countries with high levels of sales in 1Q. meter are France and Germany, but in this case it is the
result of a high level of income in these countries.
The lowest retail sales in 1Q. meters of retail space among the countries in question are from the USA,
which is the result of edge is not a high level of availability of retail space (31,000 sq. meters per 1000
population).
1.4 Sales on 1 engaged in trade
Diagram 1.4. Sales by 1 engaged in trade
Source: Analysis DAMU Research Group, based on data from US Census Bureau, OECD, Kantar Retail
(Global Retail Outlook)
According to this indicator Kazakhstan has a high untapped potential. So on the one engaged in trade in
Kazakhstan is the average turnover of $ 27 thousand. Per year, while in Russia the figure is $ 105
thousand. Per year. In Western Europe, one worker retail trade sector serves an average turnover of $
250 thousand. Up to $ 400 thousand. Per year. Underdevelopment of modern trade formats, primarily
very low penetration of network formats restrains the growth rate of labor productivity in the domestic
trade.
1.5 The degree of consolidation of the retail market
Under the consolidation of the retail market meant turnover / sales carried out by trading companies
presented not one but several retail outlets, ie a chain of stores. Traditionally, the consolidation of food
retailers in developed countries is much higher than in developing countries. Leaders in this field, as a
rule, are the Scandinavian countries. So, for example, is a world leader Norway then 95% of retail space
are included in one or another network. Do not lag behind other countries in Western Europe, Britain 86%, France - 85%, Germany - 84%, in Switzerland - 68% in the US - 65%, Portugal - 55%.
Diagram 1.5 Level of consolidation of retail trade by country
Source: Analysis DAMU Research Group, based on data from US Census Bureau, OECD, Kantar Retail
(Global Retail Outlook), the Association of Retail Companies of Russia
In Russia, according to the Association of Retail Companies to consolidate the local retail market reaches
35% of all retail space. In Belarus, the level of consolidation of retail trade reaches 30%.
In Kazakhstan, estimated research agencies DAMU Research Group consolidation of the market is not
more than 11%. Such a lag of partners in the Customs Union is associated with a variety of objective
reasons. One of the main reasons is that in Kazakhstan, unlike Russia, the provision of modern trade
formatsi significantly lower, with poorly developed network trading companies. Just no less an obstacle to
the consolidation of retail turnover is excessive prevalence in Kazakhstan spontaneous trade through
markets / bazaars, which usually are not inclined to trade in a transparent and civilized.
1.6 Industry norm cheat. Retail mark-up [1]
Diagram 1.6. Industry norms cheat by country
Source: Markups in the EURO area and the US, European Central Bank. Data for the Russian Federation
http://expert.ru/2009/03/27/fas. Data for RK evaluation DAMU Research Group.
In Western Europe and the USA, as well as in Belarus (data not able to identify), in contrast to Russia
and Kazakhstan, on an annual basis monitors the level of retail margins on various products. So
according to the monitoring the European average cheat food is at a level - 12%, and textiles and
footwear at - 11%. In the US, the average cheat retail stores is at 17%, for wrapping products is higher
than in Western Europe - 17% less for textiles - 9% and shoes almost 2 times higher than the margins in
Western Europe - 23%. In Italy just approximately 18% average wrapping, 12% in Germany. Least mean
cheat in the UK -8% (excluding food, then they are the most expensive in Europe, 18%), and the
Netherlands - 8%.
Unlike developed countries, in Russia and Kazakhstan, the level of retail margins on food is much higher 45% and 50%, respectively. On textiles and footwear in Russia margins are 35% and 30%, respectively.
In Kazakhstan - textile average retail margin of 40% on shoes at - 30%. Thus, the average retail margin
in Kazakhstan stands at 42%, and in Russia at the level of 37%.
1.7 Effectiveness of industry logistics delivery and storage
Trade logistics is a key element not only industry trade, but according to experts, is a factor of national
competitiveness. According to a World Bank study, Germany is the best country in the world in the
logistics movement of goods, and the most difficult situation with logistics services - in Somalia [2].
As part of a study conducted by the World Bank, the experts rated the ease of implementation of the
supply of goods and state trade logistics at the national level, giving countries the opportunity to evaluate
their effectiveness in trade logistics, as well as to identify areas that need improvement. Results are
based on data from a survey of about a thousand international operators express delivery and logistics,
mainly forwarders and carriers who have provided their feedback on how easy it is to carry out export
and import of goods in the countries where they operate. In particular, the following factors were
assessed: the efficiency of customs clearance procedures; quality of trade and transport infrastructure;
ease of organizing the supply of goods; quality and cost of logistics services; traceability of goods
throughout the supply chain; promptness of delivery.
Leading position in the Index is Germany, followed by Singapore, Sweden and the Netherlands. The last
line in the ranking of 155 th place, takes Somalia. Russia is on the 95th place. Kazakhstan took 83 place,
well ahead of the countries of Central Asia. It should be noted that the first index position occupied
countries with high income, while countries with low income are more modest results in the field of
logistics. However, the level of income in the country is not a perfect indicator of the country's ability to
manage the trade logistics. The study shows that a country's ranking may be affected by other
characteristics, including bandwidth limitation, the lack of access to the sea, the problems in public sector
institutions, the unpredictability in supply chains. The study authors stressed the importance of efficient
logistics for the development of trade and economic growth. "Countries with higher levels of logistics can
grow faster and become more competitive, increase the level of their investments," - said in a study by
Bernard Hoekman, director of the Department of Trade of the World Bank. Research shows that
increasing logistics performance in low- or middle-income countries can increase trade on average by
about 15%, as well as reduce prices and improve the quality of services, which will benefit all producers
and consumers. According to the study the main factor determining the achievements of leading
countries - is the quality of infrastructure, followed by the quality level of logistics, as well as
simplification of customs procedures and border crossing procedures. According to the report, in all
countries with the highest levels of efficiency of the national trade logistics - active cooperation between
the public and private sectors, as well as an integrated approach to the development of trade
infrastructure and efficient logistics. [3]
1.8 Absolute and relative employment in domestic trade
Diagram 1.8. Employment in the trade of the countries
Source: World Retail Data and Statistics by Euromonitor International, the data on Kazakhstan ARKS
As can be seen from the chart above the highest share of employment in the trade of the total employed
population, among the countries under consideration is observed in Kazakhstan - 15%. This value for
Kazakhstan said about the dual nature - first trade in the Republic of Kazakhstan provides more jobs than
in other countries, but at the same time it is said that the efficiency of labor (labor productivity) in the
domestic trade is very low compared with European countries . Thus, if for Europe for the normal or the
effective functioning of the sector is required to attract the industry average of about 7% of the
economically active population in Kazakhstan for the functioning of the industry trade accounts for use in
2 times more - 15% of the economically active population.
1.9
Tax revenues from domestic trade, the weight of the state budget
Sales taxes (Sales tax) in the United States are taxes on any sale or lease of goods and services. In the
US, there is no single level of tax on the sale or lease of specific goods and services in every state uses
its own system of tax, and as seen in the picture on the right, it can range from 10% (Oregon, Alaska) to
50% in some states (Washington, DC).
Diagram 1 share "sales tax" in the US tax revenues
Sales tax is taken into account with the seller the cost of goods / services and pay them on behalf of the
buyer. In contrast to the value-added tax, sales tax is levied only once, at the retail level. On average,
the US average rate of sales tax is about 35% (23.5% and 10.9% basic sample). Overall sales tax
generates about 35% of all tax revenues of the state budget of the USA. Thus, if in 2012 the overall tax
revenue in the US totaled $ 5.1 [4] trillion. dollars, sales taxes accounted for about $ 1.78 trillion dollars.
With regard to taxation directly US retailers on average, this rate is 37% [5]. So the American company
Wall Mart according to the newspaper NYTimes [6] paid taxes to 2007-2012. with an aggregate of profits
of $ 130 billion. 31% or $ 39.8 billion.
In Europe, the taxation of retail trade differs from the United States. Here the lion's share of taxes
collected from retailers called "consumption tax" (Consumption tax) the most common form of which is
the VAT (VAT) but is not limited to this form.
Diagram 1.9. The share of "consumption tax with the European Union
Source: Taxation Trends in the European Union, Eurostat
According to the results of the study the retail industry in the European Union, the average is formed due
to the consumption tax and other related taxes from 25% to 45% of all tax revenues of the European
countries.
The level of taxation of companies operating in the retail sector is at a level of 40% -50%. So, for
example, the largest retail company in Europe "Carrefour SA" in 2012 from the profit in the 864m. Euros
paid taxes in the amount of 375 million. Euros, or 43% of all profits [7].
Diagram 1.9. The share of economic sectors
Source: SARK
According to the Agency of the Republic of Kazakhstan on statistics, the share of retail trade in the
average for the years 2009-2011 was 0.9% of total tax revenues of the country. In 2011, the retail
consumer goods given to the republican budget 50 billion tenge, which accounted for 0.9% of all fees
this year.
Table 1.9.1 fact listed taxes by industry to 2009-2011, in millions tenge
SECTOR ECONOMY RK
2009
2010
2011
1 540 384
2 448 501
3 326 689
Manufacturing
390 975
514 923
606 975
Wholesale and retail trade in cars
562 699
240 800
335 532
Building
171 915
311 918
234 214
Transportation and warehousing
178 685
158 888
191 970
Professional, scientific and technical activities
81 406
108 072
133 305
Information and communication
78 047
101 755
126 234
Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning
69 708
94 080
105 204
Mining and quarrying
Activities in the field of administrative and support services
44 655
57 019
99 960
Retail trade excluding automobiles
31 943
36 227
50 070
49
43
3
Agriculture, forestry and fishing
21 608
25 950
28 780
Services for accommodation and meals
16 256
16 776
21 797
Real estate transactions
14 548
18 353
19 606
Water supply; sewerage system, control over the collection
and distribution of waste
13 890
13 433
16 071
Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation
5 311
8 872
12 720
Financial and insurance activities
6 173
6 952
12 595
577
491
841
3 228 779
4 163 009
5 322 564
including "Retail sale via stalls and markets"
Other service activities
TOTAL total taxes
Source: Agency for Statistics
1.10 Analysis and evaluation according to the level of development of domestic
production of domestic trade, the example of countries with well-developed trade
infrastructure.
Countries with high levels of trade-related infrastructure are usually economically developed countries such
as the US and Western Europe, Japan, South Korea. Retail market experts unanimously point to the high
dependence of the level of development of the domestic production of the level of development of trade
infrastructure. It is clear that domestic production depends on a number of macroeconomic factors such as the
availability and cost of labor, cost of electricity and fuel, the availability of cheap financing, etc. However, in
addition to the list of classical macro factors predetermine the level of development of domestic production
of consumer goods, at their absolute importance, not least, and the key is the availability and accessibility of
advanced trading infrastructure. Under-developed trade infrastructure meant trading system meets the
following key criteria:
a) firstly, the national economy should provide a sufficient number and amount of retail space per 1,000
inhabitants. Comparative analysis of developed and developing countries, says that in the present conditions
of the world economy minimum threshold amount is 1500 sq. meters per 1,000 people, of which 75% -80%
should be the area of meeting the requirements of modern formats, ie minimum area of 500 square meters
commercial facility. meters, and belonging to any commercial network, which allows to realize economies of
scale;
b) secondly, the national trade and logistics system in its activities should demonstrate minimal cost figures
for the time and cost to perform standard operations delivery, storage, primary processing, etc .. For this
purpose should be established trade and logistics infrastructure connecting in Me:
- Quality road and rail communications linking industrial regions and regions of consumption;
- Developed network of different types of storage facilities (including warehouses primary processing)
corresponding to the world (usually Euros) standards;
- Wholesale and distribution (or trade and logistics) centers performing the function of the wholesale trading
platforms, which perform procurement usually local, regional wholesale and retail and manufacturing
companies;
- Quality and modern fleet of cars and w / d trains interconnecting all of the above elements of national trade
and logistics system.
c) And third, without exaggeration, the most important element of national trade system as contributing to the
development of the system of trade and domestic production of consumer goods - are large domestic retail
network operators. It is very difficult to overestimate the strategic importance of the need for domestic
production of highly consolidated retail network controlled by domestic retailers. Feature of economically
developed countries in the field of internal trade is that almost all of these economies, retail 80% -85%
controlled by domestic retail banking networks. So for example in Germany, 95% of domestic retail network
is controlled by 5 retailers - Edeka (25% of the local market), Schwarz (19%), Rewe (18%), Aldi (18%),
Metro (13%). In France, about 85% of the market controlled by local distribution companies - Carrefour SA
(about 30% of the local market), Groupe Auchan, Centres Distributeurs, Casino Guichard-Perrachon. In
England, nearly a third - 28% of the market controlled by the company Tesco, Asda accounted for 16%,
Sainsbury - 15%, Morrisons - 11%, for a total of more than 80% of the market controlled by local network.
In the US, the world's largest retailer Wal-Mart controls about 25% of the local rynkaFMCG following it
Kroger - 17%, Safeway - 8%, Supervalu - 5%, and the whole local network operators control virtually all
consumer goods retail market, and the share of foreign networks less than 3% -5%. In Finland, as well
FMCG retail market is controlled exclusively by local networks - such as the K Group, Kesko Oyj, S Group.
Governments of almost all the developed countries of the world hidden or explicitly make every effort to
keep their retail markets under the control of local network operators. So for example global giant Wal-Mart
since 1997 trying to break into the German market, but could not resist the local market and at the time of the
sale in 2006 of its network of local companies Metro's market share was only 2% of the local the retail
market. Approximately the same situation with the company Wal-Mart and in South Korea, where he had to
sell in 2006 its business local network Shinsegae for $ 882 million., Which renamed all the former Wal-Mart
stores in E-mart. For many years the German network operators are trying to break into the market of the
Scandinavian countries, but not in one of the Scandinavian countries, the share of German network operators
in the local markets, in spite of their geographical proximity, membership in the EC, expertise and financial
strength of German companies - less than 1% of the local markets. The main aim of keeping the retail trade
infrastructure under the control of local networks is ultimately to protect domestic producers, which in turn
provides real domestic production and overall competitiveness of the domestic economy. It has long been
observed that all the world's network operators are coming to a particular local market bringing with them
their domestic producers, who are always compared to local producers have a dominant position on the
shelves of these trade networks, ie, American networks are promoting American manufacturers, the French
network of French producers, the German network of German manufacturers, etc .. This trend is wellestablished and traditional, which is why all developed countries apply every effort to control the domestic
retail trade in the hands of the national network operators. It is noteworthy that in 2008 during the global
economic crisis in the list of 300 Russian companies that have been identified by the Russian government as
priority projects of state support in usloviyahkrizisa were both 7 largest Russian retailers - X5 Retail Group
NV, OJSC "Magnit", OJSC "Dixy" JSC "Lenta", JSC "The Seventh continent", JSC group of companies
"Victoria", JSC Trading House "Kopeika". Thus, the Russian government has come to realize that the loss of
control over retail means the loss of domestic producers, which is why it has done everything possible to
keep a heavy crisis of domestic network operators.
2
Evaluation and justification of funding for the implementation of measures of
state support
2.1 Evaluation of the total volume of investments in the development, construction,
trade-related infrastructure Republic of Kazakhstan for 2010-2012.
According to the Agency of the Republic of Kazakhstan on Statistics for the period from 2010 to 2012 in
the retail trade of the Republic of Kazakhstan was invested 241 billion tenge, or almost 1.6 billion US
dollars.
Table 2.1.1 Actual volume and cost of building placed in service retail infrastructure, including
warehouses for 2010-2012.
TRADE SEGMENTS
2 010
2 011
2012*
Amount for 3 years
17 765
17 145
19 201
54 111
765
424
654
1 844
sq.m
624 952
533 685
637 250
1 795 887
milliontenge.
67 652
51 374
65 464
184 490
Minimarkets
Supermarkets
sq.m
120 664
149 963
148 845
419 472
7 521
11 540
10 483
29 544
Stores
sq.m
112 382
162 866
151 386
426 634
7 136
9 383
9 086
25 605
Markets
sq.m
milliontenge.
Trade centers
milliontenge.
million
tenge.
Total investment in million. KZT 83 074 million KZT 72 721 million KZT 85 687 million KZT 241 483 million
tenge.
rate USD/KZT
148
147
147
150
Total investment in million.
USD
$ 565 million
$ 495 million
$ 571 million
$ 1 631 million
Source: SARK, Analytics DAMU Research Group
The largest volumes of investments for the period from 2010 to 2012 in the field of trade-related
infrastructure of the republic has been invested in construction of shopping centers - 184 bn. In 3 years.
Significantly less money was invested in the construction of "mini / Supermarkets" - 29, 5 billion. Tenge.
A little less money was invested in trade and logistics stores - 25 billion. Tenge. And least of all funds
have been invested in infrastructure "Market / Bazaar" - only 1.8 bn. In 3 years all over the country.
Diagram 2.1. The share of segments of trade and investment in the construction of the structure of trade
infrastructure for 2010-2012.
Source: Agency for Statistics, Analysis and processing of "DAMU Research Group"
As can be seen from the chart above, of the total investment in trade infrastructure of the Republic of
Kazakhstan, the lion's share, namely about 67% goes to the construction of shopping centers and retail
and entertainment center. For the construction of stationary stores formata "Minimarket" and
"Supermarkets" sent an average of only 12% of the total investment in the construction of commercial
facilities. It is clear that in an environment where domestic business sector is inefficient and
uncompetitive, this trend is highly undesirable. As noted in the relevant sections above, at this stage of
economic development of the Republic of Kazakhstan is the highest priority formatom construction of
shopping formats such as "Minimarket, Supermarkets, Gypermarkets», as namely data formats contribute
to the consolidation of the maximum (ie, the development of retail chains) national retailers. The
consolidation of the retail market in Kazakhstan will not only increase competition among retailers, but at
the same time will improve the quality of public services, to expand the range, to reduce retail prices,
and that is also very important to promote domestic producers of goods and products of first necessity.
Noteworthy is the share of investment in «Markets / Bazaar" an average of about 1% per year, or about
600 million tenge per year throughout the country. Given the potential and volume of retail trade that
passes through markets / bazaars, which is more than 2.1 trillion. tenge for the year 2012, investment in
infrastructure "Market / Bazaar" extremely scanty.
Diagram 2.1. Share of types of trade-related infrastructure in the structure of commissioned areas for
2010-2012.
Source: Agency for Statistics, Analysis and processing of "DAMU Research Group"
Infrastructure development of domestic trade should solve two strategic objectives:
- Firstly, to provide the most efficient access to quality and affordable consumer goods,
- And secondly, to form the industry and market conditions to provide a direct, unimpeded, low-cost and
rapid access of domestic producers of consumer goods in domestic trade.
The achievement of these goals can contribute only 2 interrelated indicators - high rates of availability of
retail space and high retail consolidation. As it is known, retail consolidation is achieved primarily through
the stationary store formats and not of Shopping Centers, as in the last fraction of space allocated for
trade in consumer goods (FMCG / Grocery Retail) is very small and usually is less than 10% of all areas
of the shopping center and mall.
Thus, on the basis of all the above, it is obvious that the structure of commissioned retail space, as well
as the structure of the volume of investment, does not meet the requirements to support domestic
producers and improve the quality of life by providing more accessible and high-quality assortment of
consumer goods.
2.2
Evaluation and justification of volumes and the main directions of development
of trade-related infrastructure that require public financial support
Table 2.2. Bank loans to non-bank entities by sectors of the economy as of 1 October 2013. (million
tenge, end of period)
Branches
total
%
Industry
Agriculture
Building
Transport
Relationship
1 246 930
17%
short-term
Tenge
%
357 382
29%
longer-term
Tenge
%
889 549
71%
330 384
4%
151 058
46%
179 326
54%
1 392 562
19%
268 144
19%
1 124 418
81%
359 981
5%
59 705
17%
300 276
83%
831 74
1%
36 561
44%
46 612
56%
Trade
2 041 554
27%
756 806
37%
1 284 748
63%
Other Industries
Total RK
2 032 781
27%
231 920
11%
1 800 862
89%
7 487 367
100%
1 861 576
25%
5 625 791
75%
Source: National Bank of Kazakhstan
According to the National Bank of Kazakhstan on October 1, 2013 nonbank legal entities were granted
loans worth nearly 7.5 trillion. tenge that is about 50 billion US dollars. Of this amount, the largest share,
27%, or almost $ 2 trillion. tenge (about US $ 13.4 billion), was granted the industry "Trade". The
industry trade ratio of short-term loans to long-term correlated as 37% to 63%. The monitoring of
lending sectors of the economy, the National Bank uses classification NCEA, according to which the
industry "Trade" includes all kinds of wholesale and retail trade, including retail vehicles. According to the
classification of the NCEA in the industry "trade" includes the following three types of economic activity:
1) Wholesale and retail trade of motor vehicles and motorcycles and their repair
2) Wholesale trade, except of motor vehicles and motorcycles
3) Retail trade, except of motor vehicles and motorcycles
Thus, the statistics of the National Bank of Kazakhstan on crediting trade does not correspond to the real
volume of lending to enterprises engaged in "retail trade", but in reality are much higher than at the
expense of the other two major economic activities. For this reason, in this analytical work, based on
analysis of data SARK "The financial and economic activity of the Republic of Kazakhstan" using
comparative and correlation analysis we will need to determine in the total amount of credit (ie, the sum
of $ 2 trillion. Tenge) the entire industry "trade "share of loans issued directly" retail trade ".
First, we need to answer the question - what part of the issue "short-term and / or long-term" loans most
relevant solves the problem of trade-related infrastructure improvements? Proceeding from the obvious
fact that infrastructure development is impossible in practice to solve with the help of the "short" and
therefore expensive money we immediately excluded from the total volume of lending short-term
investments - ie short-term loans, by definition, is unable to solve the problem of trade-related
infrastructure. All loans issued by retail short-term conditions are generally directed at addressing issues
of trade finance. Further analysis is necessary to calculate what portion of long-term loans granted to the
industry "Trade" takes retail.
For this purpose we will use the following data ARKS on financial and economic activity of enterprises in
the industry "Trade":
Availability of fixed assets at cost at the end of the year;
Commissioning of new plant and equipment;
costs for enterprise spending on current repair of fixed assets;
costs of the company for overhaul of fixed assets, made its own;
The figures for administrative costs;
The corporate income tax.
It is our deep conviction in a situation of lack of statistical data on volumes of borrowing subsector
"Retail" credit resources for the development of trade infrastructure, aggregate analysis sufficiently
relevant indicators of financial and economic activity of enterprises is perfectly acceptable in terms of
methods of statistical analysis and the most objective method in the absence of alternative sources of
valid data. Summary analysis of these parameters allowed us to identify the proportion of average figure
"retail" in overall long-term lending industry "Trade" (see. Table on the next page). Thus, by the
following resolution, we identify the amount of borrowing "retail":
A=B*C
where:
A - amount of long-term borrowings sub-sector "Retail"
B - amount of long-term borrowings industry "Trade"
C - share weighted average of sub-sector "Retail" in financial and economic activity of the entire industry
"Trade"
A = 1,284,748 * 25% = 321,187 million tenge
Thus, according to the calculations the amount of long-term borrowings on October 1, 2013 of the
second-tier banks sub-sector "Retail" for the development of trade infrastructure is 321 billion. Tenge (or
$ 2.1 billion.).
Table 2.2. The proportion of sub-industry "Trade" individual indicators of financial and economic activity
of the enterprises and the identification of the weighted average of the share of sub-sectors in the
financial and economic activity
Sub-sector industry
"Trade"
Availability of
essential
assets at cost at the
end of the year
(million tenge)
2010 2011
%
subsector
Wholesale and
54 831 53 471 6%
retail trade of
motor vehicles and
motorcycles and
their repair
Wholesale trade, 669 858598 356 72%
except of motor
vehicles and
motorcycles
Retail trade, except 180 048203 783 22%
of motor vehicles
and motorcycles
TOTAL
Commissionin Business costs as
g of new fixed an expense for the
assets (billion current repair of
tenge)
fixed assets
(million tenge)
2011 % sub- 2010 2011 %
sector
subsecto
r
8
9%
48
72
1%
Costs of enterprises Administrativ The costs of Central
for overhaul of fixed
e costs
the CPN
share /
assets (million tenge) (million tenge) (million weight of
tenge)
subindustry
"Trade"
2010 2011 % sub- 2012 % sub- 2012 %
sector
sector
subsector
16
13
8%
30
3%
3
3%
5%
43
48% 2 177 5 454
85% 120
74
52%
670
78%
107
83%
70%
38
42%
13% 90
56
39%
159
19%
18
14%
25%
100% 2 723 6 033 100% 226
142
100%
859
100% 128
100%
100%
904 737855 610 100% 90
499
507
Source: SARK, Analytics DAMU Research Group
2.2.1
Construction of commercial facilities (buildings and structures)
Table 2.2.1 Actual volume and cost of construction of 1 sq. meter placed in service retail infrastructure,
including stores, for the period 2010-2012.
TRADE SEGMENTS
Trade centers
sq.m
milliontenge.
tenge. за 1
кв. м.
Minimarkets
sq.m
Supermarkets
milliontenge.
tenge. за 1
кв. м.
TOTAL for
tenge. за 1
commercial
кв. м
facilities
Stores
sq.m
milliontenge.
TOTAL
tenge. за 1
storerooms
кв. м.
2 010
624 952
67 652
108 251
2 011
533 685
51 374
96 262
2012*
637 250
65 464
102 729
за 3 года
1 795 887
184 490
102 729
120 664
7 521
62 330
149 963
11 540
76 952
148 845
10 483
70 432
419 472
29 544
70 432
100 820
92 026
96 614
96 614
112 382
7 136
63 498
162 866
9 383
57 614
151 386
9 086
60 017
426 634
25 605
60 017
Source: SARK, Analytics DAMU Research Group
According to the Agency of the Republic of Kazakhstan on Statistics the average cost of 1 square meter
of objects of type «Trade centers» from 2010 to 2012 amounted to 102 thousand. Tenge. The average
cost of 1 square meter of retail facilities "Minimarkets / Supermarkets» amounted to 70 thousand. Tenge.
However, in reality the market value (including engineering and transport communications) construction
of 1 sq. meters of retail facilities formata «Shopping center» or «Shopping Center" can vary from 200,000
to 300,000 tenge per 1 square meter commercial facility. With regard to trade objects formata
"Minimarkets / Supermarkets / Gypermarkets» the cost varies from 100 000 to 200 000 tenge. The
difference in the cost of building these types of retail facilities predetermined formatsi their content. So
formatah «Shopping center» or "Shopping Center" is planned to place in the building of the shopping
center or mall facilities for entertainment, recreation, nutrition, etc., as well as the presence of a large
private car park including underground, the construction of which is usually 15 % -20% increases the
cost of 1 sq. meter of commercial facility.
The cost of trade and logistics facilities according to the SARK is at the level of 60 thousand. Tenge per 1
square meter. However, given the cost of this amendment, we define the maximum of up to 120
thousand. Tenge.
Thus, given the data and ARKS own information research agency «DAMU Research Group» we define to
calculate the required amount of financing for retail properties formata «Shopping center» or "Shopping
Center" average cost for 1 square meter per 150 thousand. Tenge (or $ 1,000 per 1 sq.m). For formats
«Minimarkets / Supermarkets / Gypermarkets» we define the cost of 105 thousand. Tenge (or $ 700 per
1 sq.m). The average cost of building trade and logistics centers, we identified 90 thousand. Tenge
(about $ 600 per 1 sq. Meter).
According to the calculations on the financing mechanism for subsidizing interest rates on loans for the
construction of shopping and logistics facilities required from 2014 to 2020 - 230 053 million tenge.
During the period of implementation of the program will be built all over 6,7 million square meters.
meters of new retail space modern formats. For example, in 2013 in the republic there were just 6,9
million square meters of retail space trading enterprises (shops, shopping center, etc.). More detailed
calculations for the required volume of financing "Construction of buildings" cm. In Table № 2.2.3.
2.2.2 Repurchase and allocation of land
Today in practice, none of the Kazakh sectoral development programs provided by the budget allocated
directly to the acquisition of land. In the program "Modernization of the retail sector and trade
infrastructure 2020", we also consider it inappropriate allocation of funds to market participants in the
acquisition of land for the construction of commercial facilities. However, the program is provided by
analogy "CST 2020" by the decision of the Regional Coordinating Councils with the participation of local
executive bodies of the allocation of land from the state reserve for free use or long-term lease.
2.2.3 Construction of engineering and transport communications
Market participants retailers often note that the costs for construction of new shopping facilities costs for
engineering and transport communications can reach up to 50% or more against the cost of the
commercial facility. Under the cost of engineering and transport communications, we mean building,
engagement, connection, modernization and / or expansion of water, heat, gas, electric, sewer and other
networks. It can also be that the commercial property needs and lead to the construction of the project
road and pedestrian roads. However, it should be noted that despite the high cost of engineering and
transport communications, the share of the latter in the value of objects with a few exceptions up to 50%
of the cost of the commercial facility, ie should not exceed a third of all required business investment
project, or as a rule such a project becomes unattractive and too expensive. Another feature of
Kazakhstan's retail market is the most attractive and untapped market segments today are just big cities
- especially cities Almaty, Astana and regional centers. Smaller cities and towns until the present stage of
development of the Kazakhstan market trading business are not so interesting.
With regard to the mechanism of direct subsidies to the direct costs arising from the program participants
for the construction of utilities, we assume that the mechanism of direct subsidies cost was not very
promising and fraught with potential abuse. Moreover Damu Fund as a financial agent of the Program
"CST 2020" does not practice direct subsidies investment projects. All primary lending decisions projects,
respectively, initially all risks are assessed and accepted by the Bank of the second level. Ie STB as a
market institution effectively controls all the risks and minimize the costs of all kinds of non-target
program participants to allocate funds. In connection with the above, consider it inappropriate presence
in the Program "Modernization of the retail sector and trade infrastructure 2020" separate article and / or
the individual financial instruments of state expenditures related to construction engineering and
transport communications. As an alternative should be encouraged Program participants all expected
costs of engineering and transport communications include the total cost of construction of a shopping
facility and apply for subsidized interest loans for the construction of all STB commercial facility that will
allow the businessman in part to reduce the burden on engineering and transport communications.
2.2.4 Financing / leasing of commercial equipment and technology
This analysis, commercial equipment, we mean just the most standard commercial equipment - all
windows, shelves, racks, etc., but as well as what is sometimes called technical equipment retail facilities
- is refrigeration equipment, bakery, forklifts, ventilation , heating, air conditioning, lighting and the like.
The financial costs of equipment commercial equipment varies by type of retail properties. So, for
example, for shopping centers, specialized trade center, shopping and entertainment center cost ratio for
equipping commercial equipment and special technical equipment ranges from 5% to 20% of the
construction costs of trading object, depending on which policy to owner management company or trade
object, ie, leases with equipment or without equipment. To equip the mini markets, supermarkets and
gypermarketov requires additional costs from 15% to 30% of the cost of construction of a shopping
facility. However, when calculating the required volumes, we have taken into account feature retail
industry. The fact is that today the retail market participants, unlike manufacturing, and other industrial
and / or transport companies, much less turn to financial institutions for the leasing of commercial
equipment and other special equipment for commercial properties. For this reason, we will apply the
calculations factors to forecast the required financing with some reduction - for a group of Shopping
Centers (ie, Trade centers, Specialized Trade centers, shopping and entertainment center) factor - "0.05",
and for retail network companies "minimarkets supermarkets and gypermarkets" trade and logistics
centers coefficient - "0.1". According to the calculations on the financing mechanism for subsidizing
interest rates of loans and leasing of commercial equipment and other special equipment required trade
from 2014 to 2020 will require 8,513 million tenge. More detailed calculations for the required volume of
financing "Loan / lease of commercial equipment and technology," see. Table №2.2.4.
2.2.5 working capital
As it was mentioned above, the amount of short-term lending industry "Trade" second-tier banks on
October 1, 2013 amounted to $ 757 billion tenge, or about 5 billion US dollars. On the basis of the
calculations in Table №2.2.1. the share of retail lending in this volume is on October 1, 2013 about 25%
or about 190 billion tenge.
However, given the strategic goals of the state program "Modernization of the retail sector and trade
infrastructure 2020" which implies a decision primarily infrastructure plan objectives, namely:
Increase security industry trade retail space per 1,000 people;
Increasing the degree of consolidation of the retail market in terms of retail space with 10% in 2013 to
20% in 2020, and in terms of money transfer up to 40% by 2020;
Bringing the share of modern retail formats in total retail space of up to 50% by 2020;
Establishment of the Republic of Kazakhstan by 2018 at least 5 local network operators to trade
consumer goods and food essentials, with a total of at least 100 points and a total sales area of not less
than 25 000 sq. m in each network retailers. By 2020, should be created at least three network
operators, with a total of not less than 200 retail outlets and total sales area of not less than 50 000 sq.
m in each network retailers.
Thus, based on the strategic objectives of the program "Modernization of the retail sector and trade
infrastructure in 2020," we believe that the first priority of the state policy should be the development of
infrastructure, namely the provision of retail space. In addition, the owners and management "specialized
trade center", "shopping center" and "shopping and entertainment center" as a rule are not directly
engaged in the retail trade, and specialize only in the leasing and management of commercial real estate,
for this reason the allocation of funds to them subsidies for working capital is not appropriate.
Based on the above and taking into account the strategic objectives of the state program, the authors
state program is considered inappropriate allocation of budget funds for working capital. In the early
years of the Programme attention should be paid primarily on infrastructure development. Subsequently,
if necessary, and requests from the business, perhaps consideration of the provision of business tools
subsidy of working capital.
2.2.6 Attracting foreign qualified professionals
For the development of the industry trade in the framework of the "Modernization of the retail sector and
trade infrastructure 2020" provides for the involvement of high quality foreign experts whose presence
will open domestic companies access to advanced technology management retailers.
So according to the program is expected to attract professionals from the leaders in the retail sector namely EU members countries, Turkey, Japan, South Korea, USA, Canada.
To maximize the positive effect of this tool for state and limit potential abuses identified some limitations
to program participants. So one participant of the program may involve no more than one foreign
specialist per 3,000 square feet of retail / warehouse space. One participant of the program can not
attract the mechanism by more than 2 foreign experts. Attracted by the same foreign expert can not be
subsidized by more than 24 calendar months. Subsidizing must not exceed 50% of the monthly salary
attracted foreign specialist. The amount of subsidy on a foreign specialist funded from the budget of the
Program may not exceed 750 thousand. Tenge per month including all taxes and mandatory pension
payments.
On the basis of the above criteria limiting the attraction of foreign specialists, as well as on the basis of
forecasts in terms of required funding, we limit the maximum number of specialists involved 100 people
in one year. Thus, to subsidize part of the wages of foreign specialists from 2014 to 2020 will require
7,470 million tenge.
More detailed calculations for the required volume of financing "Attracting foreign qualified professionals"
see. Table № 2.2.5.
2.2.7 Acquisition of licenses, franchises, specialized software, etc.
Program "Modernization of the retail sector and trade infrastructure 2020" provides support to domestic
companies in the cost of acquisition of licenses, franchises, special software.
One of the ways of development of the domestic retail market and improve the competitiveness of
domestic trading companies seems to attract franchises from the world famous trading companies. This
measure of state support for partial subsidies of up to 50% of one-time and / or regular payments
towards the purchase and operation of franchise retail chains and shopping centers. Acquired franchise
network for domestic companies must belong to a large international trading network, and for local
shopping centers franchise should be spread not less than 5 major clients / shopping centers using this
franchise. Subsidizing the franchise under this program for the participant program can not be carried out
over 3 years, with the possibility, in the case of a justification to program participants extension for
another 2 years. The amount of subsidies for one-time and recurring payments on acquisition and
operation of franchise retail chains throughout the Republic of Kazakhstan may not exceed 50 million
tenge per year for a Program participant.
With regard to the acquisition in the framework of the services of consulting companies (market
research, development of business plans and feasibility studies, preparation of design estimates, the
implementation of KPI and BSC, etc.) as well as the acquisition of specialized software, in this direction
provides subsidies no more 50% of the cost of the cost of these services and the purchased software.
The amount of subsidies to these types of consulting services as market research, development of
business plans and feasibility studies can not exceed 5 million tenge for each type of service. The amount
of subsidies for the development of design estimates for the projects of shopping centers with a total
area (no parking) from 10 thousand. To 25 thousand sq. Meters can not exceed 20 million tenge, with a
total area (no parking) from 25 to 50 thousand sq. Meters can not more than 35 million tenge, and with a
total area (no parking) over 50 thousand sq. meters may not exceed 50 million tenge. Subsidies for the
purchase and operation of special software can not exceed 15 million tenge.
In the table below we have presented the projected number of requests from market participants on the
instruments of state.
Table 2.2.2 Estimated number of requests for subsidies for the acquisition of licenses, franchises,
specialized software, etc.
SUBJECT OF SUBSIDIES
Franchises
Mark. research, development of
business plans and feasibility
studies
Development of PSD on
commercial properties:
for 10 thousand up to 25
thousand sq.m
from 25 to 50 thousand sq.m
over 50 thousand sq.m
Special software
TOTAL
КОЛИЧЕСТВО ЗАПРОСОВ
Markets/Базары
2
10
Сетевые магазины
3
10
ТЦ/SEC
2
5
0
3
3
0
0
15
28
4
3
0
17
3
2
0
20
Source: Analysis DAMU Research Group
In general, to subsidize 50% of the costs of such tools support both the acquisition of
franchises, consulting services, PSD shopping facilities and special software is required from
2014 to 2020 - 15,955 million tenge.
For more details on the calculations required funding for "The acquisition of licenses, franchises,
specialized software, etc." see. Table № 2.2.5.
Table 2.2.3 The required investments of state mechanism "Subsidized loans for the construction trade /
logistics facilities"
Субсидирование кредитов на строительство торговых/логистических объектов
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
TOTAL
TRADE CENTERS/SEC
The average cost of 1 sq.
150 000 156 900 164 117 171 667 179 563 187 823 196 463 172 362
meters, tenge
Projected construction
100 000 800 000 800 000 800 000 600 000 600 000 100 000 3 800 000
area, sq.m
The volume of investments 15 000 125 520 131 294 137 333 107 738 112 694 19 646
649 226
of one million tenge
The share of entrepreneurs 1 500 12 552 13 129 13 733 10 774 11 269 1 965
64 923
in investments -10%, one
million tenge
Borrowings in million tenge 13 500 112 968 118 165 123 600 96 964 101 425 17 682
584 303
The accumulated volume of 13 500 126 468 244 633 368 233 465 197 566 622 570 803 570 803
subsidized investment
(until the end of 2020)
The amount of funds to
164 882
945
8 853 17 124 25 776 32 564 39 664 39 956
subsidize a million tenge
NETWORK FORMATION (MINI / SUPERMARKETS / GYPERMARKETS)
The average cost of 1 sq.
105 000 109 830 114 882 120 167 125 694 131 476 137 524 120 653
meters, tenge
Projected construction
100 000 500 000 500 000 500 000 400 000 300 000 100 000 2 400 000
area, sq.m
The volume of investments 10 500 54 915 57 441 60 083 50 278 39 443 13 752
286 413
in million tenge
The share of entrepreneurs 1 050
5 492
5 744
6 008
5 028
3 944
1 375
28 641
in investments -10%, in
million tenge
Borrowings in million tenge 9 450 49 424 51 697 54 075 45 250 35 499 12 377
257 771
The accumulated volume of 9 450 58 874 110 570 155 196 151 022 134 824 93 126
93 126
subsidized investment
(until the end of 2020)
The amount of funds to
49 914
662
4 121
7 740 10 864 10 572 9 438
6 519
subsidize, in million tenge
COMMERCE LOGISTICS FACILITIES / WHOLESALE DISTRIBUTION CENTERS
The average cost of 1 sq.
90 000 94 140 98 470 103 000 107 738 112 694 117 878 103 417
meters, tenge
Projected construction
20 000 150 000 150 000 100 000 50 000 50 000 20 000
540 000
area, sq.m
The volume of investments 1 800 14 121 14 771 10 300 5 387
5 635
2 358
54 371
in million tenge
The share of entrepreneurs
180
1 412
1 477
1 030
539
563
236
5 437
in investments -10%, in
million tenge
Borrowings in million tenge 1 620 12 709 13 294 9 270
4 848
5 071
2 122
48 934
The accumulated volume of 1 620 14 329 27 622 36 892 41 741 46 812 48 934
48 934
subsidized investment
(until the end of 2020)
The amount of funds to
15 256
113
1 003
1 934
2 582
2 922
3 277
3 425
subsidize, in million tenge
TOTAL for the instrument
1 720 13 977 26 798 39 222 46 057 52 378 49 900
230 053
of state
Source: Analysis DAMU Research Group
Table 2.2.4 The required investments of state mechanism "Subsidized lending / leasing commercial
equipment and technology"
Кредитование/лизинг торгового оборудования и техники
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
Trade centers/SEC
Levels of investment in the
15 000 125 520 131 294 137 333 107 738 112 694 19 646
construction of commercial
facilities, million tenge
The maximum subsidized
750
6 276
6 565
6 867
5 387
5 635
982
expenditure on commercial
equipment and technology
factor. 0.05
The share of entrepreneurs
75
628
656
687
539
563
98
borrowing -10%, in million
tenge
Borrowings (max. Loan term
675
5 648
5 908
6 180
4 848
5 071
884
up to 2 years), million tenge
The accumulated volume of
675
6 323 11 557 12 088 11 028 9 919
5 955
subsidized investment (until
the end of 2020)
The amount of funds to
47
443
809
846
772
694
417
subsidize, in million tenge
Network formats (Minimarkets / Supermarkets / Gypermarkets)
Volume of investment in the 10 500 54 915 57 441 60 083 50 278 39 443 13 752
construction of commercial
facilities, milliontenge
The maximum subsidized
1 050
5 492
5 744
6 008
5 028
3 944
1 375
expenditure on commercial
equipment and technology,
the coefficient 0,1
The share of entrepreneurs
105
549
574
601
503
394
138
in investments -10%, in
million tenge
Borrowings (max. Loan term
945
4 942
5 170
5 408
4 525
3 550
1 238
up to 3 years), million tenge
The accumulated volume of
945
5 887 10 112 10 577 9 933
8 075
4 788
subsidized investment (until
the end of 2020)
The amount of funds to
66
412
708
740
695
565
335
subsidize, in million tenge
COMMERCE LOGISTICS FACILITIES / WHOLESALE DISTRIBUTION CENTERS
The volume of investments
1 800 14 121 14 771 10 300 5 387
5 635
2 358
in million tenge
The maximum subsidized
180
1 412
1 477
1 030
539
563
236
expenditure on commercial
equipment and technology,
the coefficient. 0,1
The share of entrepreneurs
18
141
148
103
54
56
24
in investments -10%, in
million tenge
Borrowings (maximum loan
162
1 271
1 329
927
485
507
212
term of up to 3 years), million
tenge
The accumulated volume of
162
1 433
2 762
3 527
2 741
1 919
1 204
subsidized investment (until
the end of 2020)
The amount of funds to
11
100
193
247
192
134
84
TOTAL
649 226
32 461
3 246
29 215
5 955
4 028
286 413
28 641
2 864
25 777
4 788
3 522
69 466
5 437
544
4 893
1 204
962
subsidize, in million tenge
TOTAL for the instrument of
state
125
Source: Analysis DAMU Research Group
955
1 710
1 833
1 659
1 394
836
8 513
Table 2.2.5 The required investments for individual mechanisms of state support
Other mechanisms of state support
Attracting foreign specialists in
the year, the number
The accumulated amount of
attracted foreign professionals
The maximum subsidy on 1
expert, including taxes and
undertakes deductions for 1
month. 750 thousand tenge,
thousand tenge per year
The amount of funds to
subsidize, in million tenge
Number attracted franchises for
the year
Accumulated amount involved
franchises
The maximum subsidy on 1
franchise, million tenge per year
The amount of funds to
subsidize, in million tenge
2014
2015
2016
2017
Attracting foreign professionals
10
50
100
100
2018
2019
2020
TOTAL
100
50
10
420
10
60
150
200
200
150
60
60
9 000
9 000
9 000
9 000
9 000
9 000
9 000
63 000
90
540
1 350
1 800
1 800
1 350
540
7 470
7
5
1
0
24
1
Subsidizing franchises
3
7
1
4
11
17
19
13
6
6
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
200
550
850
950
650
300
3 550
Marketing research, development of business plans and feasibility studies, KPI / BSC
10
30
30
30
30
30
30
Number of consulting services
The maximum size of grants for 1
service, million tenge per year
5
5
35
The amount of funds to
50
150
150
150
150
150
subsidize, in million tenge
Special software for planning commodity flow (chain stores only)
2
7
15
15
10
10
Number of purchased software
150
950
10
69
The maximum subsidy on 1 IN,
million tenge per year
15
105
15
5
15
5
15
5
15
5
15
5
190
15
The amount of funds to
30
105
225
225
150
150
150
subsidize, in million tenge
Development of PSD on commercial properties (Only for Trade and Logistics Centres)
2
4
7
7
5
3
0
The maximum size of subsidies
for PSD on objects for 10
thousand. up to 25 thousand
sq.m, million tenge
Number of PSD on objects from
25 to 50 thousand sq.m
The maximum size of subsidies
for PSD to objects from 25 to 50
thousand sq.m, in million tenge
1 035
28
20
20
20
20
20
20
0
120
2
4
10
10
5
3
0
34
35
35
35
35
35
35
0
210
Number of PSD to objects over
50 thousand sq.m
The maximum size of subsidies
for PSD to objects over 50
thousand sq.m, million tenge
The amount of funds to
subsidize, in million tenge
TOTAL in all directions
2
4
5
5
5
3
0
24
50
50
50
50
50
50
0
300
210
420
740
740
525
315
0
2 950
430
1 415
3 015
3 765
3 575
2 615
1 140
15 955
Source: Analysis DAMU Research Group
Table 2.2.6 Total amount of funding requirements on all the mechanisms of state
THE TOTAL FUNDING FOR THE PROGRAM (FORECAST GRAPHS)
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
TOTAL
SUBSIDIZED LOANS TO BUILD A SHOPPING OBJECTS
The volume of subsidizing the
construction of the shopping
center / SEC, million tenge
The volume of subsidizing the
construction of Network formats,
million tenge
The volume of subsidizing the
construction of TLC / ODA, million
tenge
945
8 853
17 124
25 776
32 564
39 664
39 956
164 882
662
4 121
7 740
10 864
10 572
9 438
6 519
49 914
113
1 003
1 934
2 582
2 922
3 277
3 425
15 256
CREDITS / LEASING SHOP EQUIPMENT AND TECHNOLOGY
The volume of subsidized leasing
SC / SEC, million tenge
The volume of subsidized leasing
Networking formats, million tenge
The volume of subsidized leasing
TLC / ORC, million tenge
47
443
809
846
772
694
417
4 028
66
412
708
740
695
565
335
3 522
11
100
193
247
192
134
84
962
SUBSIDIES FOR OTHER SUPPORT TOOLS
The volume of subsidy to attract
foreign specialists, million tenge
Its subsidy of purchasing a
franchise, one million tenge
The volume of subsidy consulting
services, million tenge
Its subsidy acquisitions specials.
software, a million tenge
Its subsidy acquisitions PSD, one
million tenge
TOTAL for all instruments,
million tenge
90
540
1 350
1 800
1 800
1 350
540
7 470
50
200
550
850
950
650
300
3 550
50
150
150
150
150
150
150
950
30
105
225
225
150
150
150
1 035
210
420
740
740
525
315
0
2 950
2
275
16 347
31 523
44 821
51 291
56 387
51 877
254 520
Source: Analysis DAMU Research Group
2.3
Determination of mechanisms and tools to provide state financial support.
Strengths and weaknesses, risks associated with the use of each of the methods and
tools of state
Unlike the current "trade development programs for 2011-2014" in the new program "Modernization of
the retail sector and trade infrastructure 2020" is assumed that the following financial mechanisms of
state support:
1) interest rate subsidies on loans / finance lease contracts Bank / Bank of Development / Leasing
Companies in the construction of new shopping facilities, renovation / expansion of existing retail
facilities, the purchase and provision of necessary commercial equipment commercial facilities;
2) partial guarantee on bank loans for the construction of new retail facilities;
3) subsidization of one-time and recurring payments aimed at the acquisition and operation of franchises
retail chains and shopping centers;
4) the allocation of land from the state reserve for free use or long-term lease;
5) subsidizing part of the cost for remuneration wage highly qualified foreign specialists involved in
managing network formatsi trade and shopping centers;
6) subsidize part of the costs associated with marketing research, development of business plans and
feasibility studies, PSD, acquisition software, etc ..
The authors of the program is considered appropriate in order to minimize potential systemic risks in the
implementation of the state program "Modernization of the retail sector and trade infrastructure 2020" to
take advantage of the turned valuable experience and proven financial mechanism of state support
implemented within the framework of the "Program CST 2020". Within the framework of the program
"Modernization of the retail sector and trade infrastructure 2020" by analogy with "CST 2020" is
supposed to allocate responsibilities as follows:
Author Program - Joint Stock Company "Center for Trade Policy", realizes all the functions of tracking
flaws in the basic document of the Programme, to make quick changes and additions, if necessary,
carries out an annual monitoring program implementation and achievement of the targets, indicators;
Programme Administrator - Trade Committee of the Ministry of Economy and Budget Planning of the
Republic of Kazakhstan;
Financial Agent - Joint Stock Company "Entrepreneurship Development Fund" Damu ";
Regional Coordinating Council - an advisory body created and headed by the Mayors of regions, cities
of Astana and Almaty, with the participation of representatives of local authorities, banks, business
associations, industry associations and independent experts (hereinafter - the RCC);
Partners Banks - Banks of the second level of working with a financial agent programs and decisions
and risks associated with the issuance of loans.
As practice shows the program "CST 2020" due to the fact that all of the state budget funds through the
"CST 2020" are allocated through the mechanism of attraction of BWI, who are the primary decision on
lending to business projects and virtually on a par with the state share risks on all approved projects ,
cases of misuse of funds by the program "CST 2020" have been identified. To date, the mechanism of
decision-making on the allocation of state financial support and a system to minimize risks in the
framework of the "CST 2020" is considered the most reliable and efficient.
3
Analysis and evaluation of the expected socio-economic impact of the
implementation of measures of state support for the development of trade infrastructure
3.1 Assessment of the nature and extent of socio-economic benefits from the developed
Ministry of Economy and Budget Planning of the support measures in the following
areas by year from 2014 to 2020 .:
3.1.1 Creation of new jobs in connection with the implementation of the Programme
Table 3.1.1 Calculations of employment in trade
EMPLOYMENT IN THE SECTOR
Employees (official trade through shops)
Self-employed workers (informal trade through markets)
576 000
48%
624 000
52%
TOTAL
1200000
100%
Square merchants / stores
Area retail markets
6 869 147
51%
6 499 600
49%
TOTAL
13 368 747
100%
RETAIL SPACES
EMPLOYMENT PER 1 SQUARE METER OF RETAIL SPACE
The number of employees per 1 sq. meter, trading
companies / shops
The number of employees per 1 sq. meter trading
markets
0,084
0,096
AMOUNT OF RETAIL SPACE PER 1 EMPLOYED IN THE SECTOR
In commercial establishments / stores
On trading markets
11,9
10,4
AMOUNT OF RETAIL SPACE PER 1 EMPLOYMENT IN THE NEW TRADE OBJECTS
BASED PROGRAM
In commercial establishments / stores
14
Source: SARK, calculation of specific employment DAMU Research Group
According to the Agency for Statistics in 2012, the industry's trade has been involved almost 1,2 million
people. In the same 2012 the overall total sales area of stationary shops and markets amounted to 13,3
million square meters. Accordingly, by simple calculations we determined the number of specific
employment per 1 sq. meters of retail space in commercial establishments / stores and markets. So in
stores specific employment rate amounted to 0,084 employed in 1Q. meter of floor space, or
approximately 11.9 meters of retail space per 1 employed in retail trade.
However, in their predictive calculations of employment, we will apply the rate of employment per 1 sq.
meters of retail space that are characteristic of modern trade formats.
So for example in the American chain Wal-Mart at the end of 2011, 2.2 million people employed
(including office staff and warehouse workers and drivers) - they served 10,130 stores with total sales
area of 96.4 million square meters. Accordingly, one Wal-Mart employee served 43.8 square meters. m.
In general, the US average is 38.4 square by 1 employee. In the Russian retail chain Magnit at the end of
October 2012 employs 165 000 people (including office staff and warehouse workers and drivers), the
company's selling space at this point was 2.32 million square meters. m., respectively, 14.06 sq. meters
for 1 employee. In general, Russia on 1 employee Retailing accounts for 14, 08 sq. meters of retail space
[8].
Thus, we in the calculations for the new shopping facilities to be built under the program and meet the
requirements of modern formats, will apply factor 14 square meters of retail space occupied by 1.
The results of the calculations for the first in 2014 with the construction of the Programme 220 thousand
sq. Meters of retail space will be created 15.7 thousand. New jobs. And already in 2015 is projected to
create more than 103 thousand. New jobs. In general, for the period from 2014 to 2020 will create more
than 480 thousand. New jobs. For example, in 2013 in the retail trade of all enterprises (ie in addition to
the markets) republic worked 576 thousand. Man.
The program "Modernization of the retail sector and trade infrastructure 2020" by building new retail
properties (shopping centers, Supermarkets, etc.) will create a new formal jobs. If traditional markets
and bazaars of the so-called self-employed people pay no taxes and actually had no rights and social
guarantees, in the framework of the formal employment population would not only pay taxes, but as well
as to protect themselves and their future pension arrangements and social security contributions, as well
as to obtain formal rights of workers due to the formalization of labor relations between employers and
employees.
Table 3.1.2 Creation of new jobs in connection with the implementation of the Programme
Create new jobs within the Program
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
TOTAL
Planned construction area 220 000 1 450 000 1 450 000 1 400 000 1 050 000 950 000 220 000 6 740 000
shopping mall facilities /
SEC, Supermarkets /
Gypermarkets, TLC / ORC,
square meters
Specific employment per
0,071
0,071
0,071
0,071
0,071
0,071
0,071
0,071
1 sq. meters of retail
space
Create new jobs in
15 714 103 571 103 571 100 000
75 000
67 857 15 714 481 429
connection with the
construction of new
shopping facilities
Source: Analysis DAMU Research Group
3.1.2
Evaluation of the increase in tax revenues to the state budget
Table 3.1.3 Calculation of the average tax burden on 1 square meter of retail space modern formats
DETERMINATION OF THE AVERAGE TAX BURDEN ON 1 SQUARE METERS OF RETAIL SPACE
2010
2011
36 227
50 070
7 891 513
7 654 863
4 591
6 541
DATA ACROSS THE INDUSTRY
In fact, the taxes listed by sub-sector "Retail trade, except of motor
vehicles and motorcycles" in 2010-2011. in million tenge
Trade area of commercial enterprises / shops
Tax payments to the 1st quarter. meters of retail payments, tenge
PERFORMANCE MEGA ALMATY
Taxes paid for the entire year, million tenge
Area MEGA Almaty, sq. meters
tax payments to the 1st quarter. meters of retail payments, tenge
1 232*
80 000
15 400
EVALUATION AVERAGE PAYMENTS TO THE 1ST QUARTER. METER MODERN SHOPPING
FORMATS
TOTAL average forecast tax payments of new retail facilities built
12 447
under the program, tenge
Source: SARK, calculation of specific employment DAMU Research Group
*- payments for 2012
According to SARK retail industry in the Republic of Kazakhstan in 2010 has paid all taxes totaling more
than 36 billion tenge, and in 2011 - 50 billion tenge. In terms of tax burden on 1 sq. meters of retail
space in the whole industry was paid in 2010 - 4591 tenge, and in 2011 - 6541 tenge.
To determine the average forecast of payments on newly constructed modern trade formats that will be
built under the program, we also take into account the average payout of 1 square meter shopping
center "Mega Almaty" which amounted to - 15 400 tenge.
Thus, according to our estimates of 1 square meter of retail space modern retail formats will be paid
annually on average 12,447 tenge.
In general, over the program period from 2014 to 2020 will require funding from the state budget for the
total amount - 254 billion tenge. At the same time for the same time on all counts and sources in the
framework of the sectoral programs in the state budget will be paid out of tax deductions totaling 1 217
billion tenge. This means that the profitability of the Software or return on investment by the State for
the period from 2014 to 2020 was 478%, ie for each sub-1 tenge state will receive in the form of tax
deductions 4,78 tenge.
Table 3.1.4 in the projected tax deductions to the state budget with a total investment in the construction
of new commercial and logistics facilities
Tax payments to the state budget with the construction of commercial facilities
1.
1.
1.
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
Structure of investments in the construction of commercial facilities
27 300 194 556 203 506 207 717 163 403 157 772 35 756
Investment in
construction of
commercial facilities,
million tenge
Expenditures for the
purchase of building
materials - 55% of the
investment volume of
one million tenge
15 015
107 006
111 928
114 244
89 872
86 774
19 666
TOTAL
990 009
544 505
1.
2.
1.
3.
1.
4.
1.
5.
2.
1.
2.
2.
2.
3.
2.
4.
2.
5.
The cost of hiring a
construction workforce
- 23% of the investment
volume of one million
tenge
Administrative and
overhead costs, design,
etc.
Service obligation
6 279
20 819
22 778
23 730
14 685
13 691
703
102 685
1 911
2 082
2 278
2 373
1 469
1 369
70
11 552
2 730
19 456
20 351
20 772
16 340
15 777
3 576
99 001
Profit construction
company
1 365
9 728
10 175
10 386
8 170
7 889
1 788
49 500
Tax deductions on investment in the construction of commercial facilities
3 276
23 347
24 421
24 926
19 608
18 933
4 291
118 801
VAT - 12% of the total
investment in the
construction of one
million tenge
CIT - 20%, a million
tenge
Individual income tax 10%, one million tenge
Social tax - 11%, one
million tenge
Customs duties on the
imported volume of
construction materials,
million tenge
TOTAL deductions for
all taxes and duties, in
million tenge
273
1 946
2 035
2 077
1 634
1 578
358
9 900
628
2 082
2 278
2 373
1 469
1 369
70
10 269
691
2 290
2 506
2 610
1 615
1 506
77
11 295
300
2 140
2 239
2 285
1 797
1 735
393
10 890
5 168
31 804
33 478
34 271
26 124
25 121
5 189
161 155
Source: Analysis DAMU Research Group
Table 3.1.5 in the projected tax deductions to the state budget with a total investment in equipment and
technology
Налоговые платежи в государственный бюджет с инвестиций в приобретение оборудований,
технологий и т.д.
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
TOTAL
Структура инвестиций
1.1. Investment in providing
1 980 13 180 13 786 13 905 10 953
10 142
2 593
66 540
1.2.
2.1.
2.2.
3.1.
3.2.
commercial facilities
commercial equipment and
appliances, million tenge
Investment in purchasing a
franchise, consulting
services, PSD, software,
million tenge
The amount of funds to
subsidize the involvement of
foreign experts in one million
tenge
Tax payments to foreign
experts (PPI + CH), is a
million tenge
680
1 750
3 330
3 930
3 550
Tax deductions from foreign professionals
90
540
1 350
1 800
1 800
38
227
567
756
756
2 530
1 200
16 970
1 350
540
7 470
567
227
3 137
455
10 021
Tax deductions on investment in equipment and machinery
319
1 792
2 054
2 140
1 740
1 521
VAT - 12% of the total
investment in equipment,
technology, etc., million
tenge
Customs duties on the
imported volume of
equipment, technology, etc.,
million tenge
TOTAL for taxes and
duties, в milliontenge
133
746
856
892
725
634
190
4 175
490
2 765
3 477
3 788
3 222
2 721
872
17 334
Source: Analysis DAMU Research Group
Table 3.1.6 in the projected tax deductions to the state budget with the activities of the new trade and
logistics facilities
Tax payments to the state budget with the activities of new shopping facilities
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
TOTAL
Tax payments with new shopping facilities
1.1 The volume of retail space 220 000 1 670 000 3 120 000 4 520 000 5 570 000 6 520 000 6 740 000 6 740 000
introduced under the
state program,
accumulated in the
square. meters
1.2 The average level of tax
deductions for the year to
the 1st quarter. meters of
retail space modern retail
formats, tenge per year
1.3 Annual payments to the
activities of commercial
enterprises, in million
tenge
12 447
13 194
13 985
14 825
15 714
16 657
17 656
14 925
2 738
22 034
43 635
67 007
87 527
108 603
119 003
450 547
Tax payments to employees in the new shopping sites
1.1. Every year, created jobs
15 714
103 571
103 571
100 000
75 000
67 857
15 714
481 429
1.2. The accumulated number
15 714
119 286
222 857
322 857
397 857
465 714
481 429
481 429
of jobs
1.3. The average level of
1 305 1 383 936 1 383 936 1 383 936 1 383 936 1 383 936 1 383 936 1 372 745
600
wages in the sector, in the
year
1.4. Taxes paid to new
274 176 290 627
290 627
290 627
290 627
290 627
290 627
288 276
employees employed (PPI
+ CH), tenge per year
1.5. TOTAL annual payments
4 308
34 668
64 768
93 831
115 628
135 349
139 916
588 468
to the state budget of all
kinds of taxes on
employment in new
shopping facilities, million
tenge
TOTAL all taxes on the
operation of new
shopping facilities
7 047
56 701
Source: Analysis DAMU Research Group
108 403
160 838
203 155
243 952
258 919
1 039 015
Table 3.1.7 in the projected tax deductions to the state budget in all respects and sources involved in the
state program
№
Tax payments to the state budget of the Programme
"Modernization of the retail sector and trade infrastructure 2020"
Sources payments
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
1 Tax payments with the
construction of commercial
facilities, million tenge
2 Tax payments with the acquisition
of equipment, technologies, etc.,
million tenge
3 Tax payments with the activity of
new retail facilities, million tenge
4 TOTAL sum of all tax payments
under government programs, in
million tenge
5 TOTAL investment in the
program from the state budget,
in million tenge
6 Net profit ratio of public
investment under the program
2020
TOTAL
5 168
31 804
33 478
34 271
26 124
25 121
5 189
161 155
490
2 765
3 477
3 788
3 222
2 721
872
17 334
7 047
56 701 108 403 160 838 203 155 243 952 258 919 1 039 015
12 705
91 270 145 357 198 897 232 500 271 794 264 980 1 217 504
2 275
16 347
31 523
44 821
51 291
56 387
51 877
254 520
559%
558%
461%
444%
453%
482%
511%
478%
Source: Analysis DAMU Research Group
3.1.3
Forecast of development of the structure of retail space up to 2020 within the
framework of the Program
Diagram 3.1.1 Forecast of development of the structure of retail space RK until 2020
Source: Analysis DAMU Research Group, based on consensus and ARKS DAMU RG
Through the implementation of the program "Modernization of the retail sector and trade infrastructure
2020" will retail for the period from 2014 to 2020 to radically change the picture of the prevalence in the
country such anachronism formata retailers as "Bazaars / Markets". Many regional centers of
administration and especially the city of Almaty and Astana for the first time get a real tool for solving
problems with bazaars. As it is known today almost all major cities of the country suffer from
uncontrolled and spontaneous operation of markets that do not want to move into new, more modern
formats and at the same time, local executive bodies just can not offer them real mechanisms relatively
painless transition to civilized formats trade.
Thus, thanks to the program "Modernization of the retail sector and trade infrastructure 2020 'share of
the market square in the country declined from 49% in 2013 to 20% in 2020. In absolute terms, the
market area during the same time to decrease throughout the country with 6,5 million square meters.
meters to 3.5 million square feet. m.
At the same time, the share of modern trade formats as "Shopping Mall" to increase from 3% to 9%,
"Trade centers" from 4% to 16%, "Specialized trade centers" from 5% to 11%. The share of "mini"
increased from 9% to 11%, "Supermarkets" from 6% to 12%, "Gypermarketov" from 3% to 9%.
The share of the retail trade formata from 2013 to 2020 reduced from 21% to 14% due to lack of
competitiveness with modern and network formatsi commercial properties.
Table 3.1.8 Forecast of different formats of retail space under the program until 2020, a million square
meters.
Trade Formats / years
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
Markets
6,5
6,4
5,8
5,1
4,5
4,0
3,5
3,5
Convenience stores
minimarkets
Supermarkets
Specialized trade centers
Trade centers
Shopping centers
Gypermarkets
TOTAL total retail space of Kazakhstan
Source: Analysis DAMU Research Group
2,8
2,8
2,7
2,7
2,6
2,6
2,5
2,5
1,2
1,3
1,4
1,5
1,7
1,8
1,9
2,0
0,8
0,9
1,1
1,3
1,6
1,8
2,0
2,1
0,7
0,7
0,9
1,2
1,4
1,6
1,8
1,9
0,5
0,6
1,0
1,5
1,9
2,3
2,6
2,8
0,4
0,4
0,7
0,9
1,1
1,3
1,5
1,5
0,4
0,5
0,7
0,9
1,1
1,3
1,5
1,6
13,4
13,6
14,3
15,1
15,9
16,6
17,3
17,7
In general, during the period of implementation of the state general fund programs of all types of
commercial areas of the republic increased from 13,4 million square meters. meters in 2013 to 17,7
million square meters in 2020, ie increase by 32%.
3.1.4 Forecast of development of the structure of employment in retail trade by type of
formats until 2020 in the framework of the Program
Diagram 3.1.2 Forecast of development of the structure of retail space RK until 2020
Source: Analysis DAMU Research Group, based on consensus and ARKS DAMU RG
According to the Statistics Agency in 2013, the markets were employed, ie, self-employed, 624 thousand.
man. By 2020, the total number of employees in the markets fall to 332 thousand. Man. Overall, the
share markets in the industrial employment fell from 52% to 21%.
During the period from 2013 to 2020, the share of employment in such as formatah "Shopping center"
will increase from 4% to 15%, "specialized shopping center" from 5% to 10%, and "shopping and
entertainment center" to increase from 3% to 8 %. The share of employment in the "mini" has increased
from 8% to 12%, "Supermarketah" from 6% to 12%, and in "Gypermarketah" from 3% to 8%.
The share of employment in the "shop at home" reduced from 20% in 2013 of all people employed in the
retail industry to 13% in 2020.
Table 3.1.9 Forecast of the number of people employed in various formatah trade under the program
until 2020, in thousands people
Trade Formats / years
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
Markets
624
616
555
493
432
386
340
332
Convenience stores
237
233
228
224
219
215
210
206
Minimarkets
102
109
122
136
150
164
177
188
Supermarkets
68
74
93
112
133
151
168
180
Specialized trade centers
56
61
79
98
117
135
153
163
Trade centers
45
51
83
116
151
181
213
228
Shopping centers
34
38
54
71
90
105
122
130
Gypermarkets
34
39
55
72
91
107
122
132
1 200
1 221
1 268
1 322
1 383
1 445
1 505
1 560
TOTAL total retail space of
Kazakhstan
Source: Analysis DAMU Research Group, на основе данных АРКС
In general, during the period of implementation of the state program "Modernization of the retail sector
and trade infrastructure 2020" the number of self-employed, ie, working on the market decreased from
624 thousand. man to 332 thousand. man. At the same time the share of formal employment of hired
employees in the industry, "Retail" to increase from 576,000 to 1,228,000 people, or 113%.
3.1.5 Forecast of tax payments until 2020 in the framework of the Program
Diagram 3.1.3 Forecast of tax payments until 2020
Source: Analysis DAMU Research Group
Diagram 3.1.4 Forecast of tax payments until 2020
Source: Analysis DAMU Research Group
According to the Agency of the Republic of Kazakhstan on Statistics in 2011. Retail trade (except of
motor vehicles) was actually paid to the budget of 50,070 million tenge. Based on the dynamics of
growth of tax payments retailers in previous years, we expect that the results of 2013 in the republic's
budget will be paid about 80 billion tenge. Through the implementation of the program "Modernization of
the retail sector and trade infrastructure 2020" in 2014 assumed the payment of all affected sources of
tax payments in the amount of 13 billiontenge. The maximum amount of payments under the program is
expected in 2019 - 272 billion tenge. But in general the end of 2020 the new modern shopping facilities
(total 6,7 million square meters) entered the Programme should pay 55% of all tax payments to retailers,
whereas the old retail facilities, including markets and bazaars (about 11 million square meters) will pay
only 45% of all tax payments.
3.1.6 Opening of new production facilities and increase production at existing plants in connection with
the implementation of the Programme. General assessment of the contribution of the Programme to GDP
growth
During the period of implementation of the state program "Modernization of the retail sector and trade
infrastructure 2020" will be built over 6,7 million square meters of new modern retail space. In the
purchase of construction materials will be sent to 544 billion tenge, or 3.5 billion US dollars. Most of these
funds will go to the purchase of domestic construction materials, which is certainly as well have a positive
impact on domestic enterprises for the production of building materials.
However, the most important indirect effect of the economy will get through the achievements of the
program "Modernization of the retail sector and trade infrastructure 2020" consolidation of the domestic
retail level from 11% in 2013 to 20% by 2020, retail space, and up to 40% of the total retail turnover of
the republic. As noted in previous chapters, a broad and extensive network of domestic retail chains will
allow domestic companies producing consumer goods, especially food, gain access to new more efficient
sales channels. Usually national retail chains compared with foreign networks more sympathetic to the
promotion of domestic producers than stimulate replacement from the market of products of foreign
manufacturers. On the other hand the domestic network will squeeze market methods representation of
foreign networks of other states that have traditionally prefer to promote the products of their countries.
Active development of the domestic network formats is primarily a tool to promote import substitution
policy, and in the event of local networks to foreign markets is the export promotion of domestic
producers. Another important positive effect of the development of modern trade formats will be output
from the shadow of a large part of the retail trade.
In general, due to the effect of direct (development and operation of more efficient retail) and indirect
effects (stimulating the purchase of products for domestic producers and agriculture) program
"Modernization of the retail sector and trade infrastructure 2020" will contribute to annual GDP growth of
0.2 % to about 1.7%. On average over the period from 2014 to 2020 the average annual contribution of
GDP growth will be 1.2% of the republic.
Table 3.1.10 forecast contribution of the State Program to GDP growth
Years
Contribution to GDP
growth
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
0,20%
0,60%
1,20%
1,44%
1,58%
1,74%
1,39%
on the
average
1,2%
Source: Analysis DAMU Research Group
3.1.7 The predicted decline in average markups between input / output and
procurement / retail prices in retail trade
As noted in the previous sections the level of the average retail cheating in the Republic of Kazakhstan to
the average for all formats of stores is about 40%. Within the framework of the program "Modernization
of the retail sector and trade infrastructure in 2020" is supposed to increase retail space per 1,000 people
from 412 in 2012 to 780 square meters. m, i.e. growth areas by almost 90%. The same is expected to
increase the degree of consolidation of retail trade from 11% in 2012 to 20% in 2020, ie almost 2 times.,
and on the turnover of retail network must pass through their stores more than 40% of the total retail
trade turnover of the Republic of Kazakhstan. All this should have a tangible positive impact on the level
of pricing in the retail trade. So according to our estimates due to the program "Modernization of the
retail sector and trade infrastructure 2020" in the retail trade should happen reduction of retail markups
from 40% in 2012 to 25% in 2020.
3.1.8 Assessment of improving the quality of life of the population because of the Program
Through the implementation of the State Program "Modernization of the retail sector and trade
infrastructure 2020" should appear in the country more than 580 thousand. Formal jobs in the industry,
"Retailers". Due to the active development of modern retail formats, especially the rapid development of
domestic retail chains will increase the demand for domestic products. Accordingly, we expect to see in
the country for at least another 50 thousand. New jobs in the production of consumer goods, and 100
jobs in agriculture.
Overall, the program "Modernization of the retail sector and trade infrastructure 2020" contains not only
"officialization" retail trade turnover and increase demand for domestic products, but also an important
reduction in the share markets and natural markets in retail. As is well known bazaars and spontaneous
trade does not contribute to the development of civilized trade in Kazakhstan, in the bazaars and markets
is not possible to effectively monitor and analyze the size, structure and quality of the commodity flows
coming through these channels. Also on the markets is impossible to protect the rights of consumers, it is
very difficult to ensure normal sanitary and epidemiological requirements, a complete disregard for labor
laws of RK. Finally, tax collection in the bazaars and markets natural practically reduced to zero. State
agencies are unable to medieval trade conditions to ensure the protection of consumer rights.
To summarize, I would like to emphasize that the main difference and hope for real, not declarative,
improving the efficiency of the Program "Modernization of the retail sector and trade infrastructure 2020"
compared to the "trade promotion programs for 2011-2014" will be the existence of mechanisms and
financial instruments of state industry "Retail", by analogy with the CST - 2020. Only the presence of
these instruments and mechanisms of state can solve the problem to reduce the acute shortage and high
cost of rent and redemption of retail space, reduce purchasing and retail prices of consumer goods,
reduce unit costs logistics, reduce the proportion of spontaneous market trade and facilitate their
transition to the format of modern shopping centers, increase the share of retail consolidation through
home shopping networks provide a powerful incentive for domestic producers of consumer goods, reduce
the share of the marketplace and the shadow trade and multiply to collect taxes in general throughout
the retail industry, due to the system of reducing retail markups in trade to improve the quality of life of
the population of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
ANNEX 1
Table List of settlements which have carried out a census of retail outlets
№
Regions
1
Akmola
Row Labels
Kokshetau
Сумма по полю
площадь
32 302
Количество торговых
точек
1 276
2
Stepnogorsk
11 535
297
3
Shchuchinsk
7 382
116
4
Atbasar
4 623
126
5
Yesil
4 179
172
6
Makinsk
3 738
45
7
Akkol (Akmola)
2 704
60
8
Zerenda
2 368
46
9
Derzhavinsk
1 998
29
10
Yereimentau
1 880
51
11
Shortandy
1 696
35
12
Stepnjak
1 509
75
13
Arshaly
1 425
28
14
Balkashino
1 276
35
15
Zhaksy
1 043
35
16
Bestobe
865
46
17
Astrakhanka
817
33
18
Zhaltyr
794
22
19
Krasny Yar
426
15
20
Burabai
342
13
21
Zholymbet
324
11
22
Korgalzhin
241
7
23
Kurgalzhyn
204
4
24
165
6
Aktobe
66 744
1 256
26
Emba
2 927
72
27
Shalkar
2 878
56
28
Khromtau
2 750
98
29
Kandyagash
2 303
49
30
Hobday
1 915
48
31
Shubarkuduk
1 861
32
32
Alga
1 797
75
33
Kargaly
1 077
32
34
Komsomolskoe
989
37
35
Martuk
868
27
36
Batamshinsky
689
9
37
Irgiz
677
28
38
Baiganin
552
14
39
Wil
456
17
25
40
Aksu (Akmola)
Aktobe
Taldykorgan
49 709
987
41
Almatinskaya
Ushtobe
7 384
116
42
Kapchagai
5 311
190
43
Kaskelen (Karasai)
5 068
161
44
Usharal
4 750
108
45
Talgar
4 561
173
46
Tekeli
4 181
141
47
Kirovsk
3 916
77
48
power
3 773
106
49
Esik
3 474
119
50
Sarkand
3 282
155
51
Kabanbai
3 102
81
52
Zharkent
2 984
126
53
Uzun agash
2 931
109
54
Karabulak
2 444
84
55
Saryozek
2 352
63
56
Burunday (Boraldai)
2 316
90
57
Chunzha
2 306
100
58
Dzhusaly
2 052
81
59
factory
1 994
58
60
Shelek
1 751
95
61
Shamalgan (Station)
1 674
47
62
Kamenka
1 439
37
63
Zhansugurov
1 383
68
64
Shamalgan
1 357
51
65
Turgen'
1 181
48
66
Bayserke
1 044
28
67
Bakanas
1 008
40
68
Malovodnoye
898
39
69
Zhetygen
859
36
70
Kegen
761
36
71
Panfilovo
741
23
72
Besagash
686
39
73
Pervomajskij
598
16
74
Karagaily
505
18
75
Koktal
477
28
76
Tasbuget
472
26
77
Novoalekseevka
453
23
78
Alatau
385
8
79
Tuzdybastau
356
13
80
Coram
316
12
81
Kyzylkayrat
244
13
82
Charyn
237
7
83
Belkol
212
1
84
Krasniy yar
192
15
85
Dzhalagash
186
12
86
Belbulak
175
6
87
Tore tam
156
12
88
Teren Uzek
104
5
89
Aschibulak
90
2
90
Eskeldi bi
89
4
91
Enbekshi
65
3
92
Kyzylzharma
58
2
93
Saksaulsksky
32
3
94
Almaty
Almaty
301 822
6 177
95
Astana
Astana
211 719
3 224
96
Atyrau
Atyrau
35 753
665
97
Balykshi
2 086
42
98
Mahambet
1 484
38
99
Kulsary
1 267
25
100
Inderborsky
988
37
101
Ganyushkino
913
32
102
Miyaly
803
22
103
Dossor
659
21
104
Akkistau
618
21
105
Makat
461
18
106
Akkol (Atyrau)
337
15
107
83
4
Ust-Kamenogorsk
150 695
2 078
109
Semipalatihsk
56 509
2 080
110
Leninogorsk
26 696
502
111
Ziryanovsk
18 518
419
112
Shemohaiha
8 847
276
113
Zaysah
7 018
122
114
deep
4 222
82
115
Kurchum
3 553
101
116
More-Narymsky
3 341
71
117
Serebryahsk
2 716
58
118
Aksuat
2 458
81
119
Belousovka
2 410
61
120
Georgievka
2 404
53
121
Samara
2 229
81
122
Tugyl
2 100
68
123
new Bukhtarma
2 042
46
124
Akzhar
1 772
71
125
Cato-Karagan
1 703
39
126
Pervomajskij
1 246
70
127
Ust-Talovka
1 174
45
128
Kurchatov
765
53
129
Urdzhar
528
16
130
Ayagoz
307
19
131
ball
167
14
132
Kokpekty
167
15
133
Makanchi
74
7
134
Karaaul
64
5
135
Kamyshenko
53
6
136
Borodulikha
51
4
137
Ulba
21
1
Taraz
56 081
1 435
139
Kordai
5 354
166
140
Shu
3 816
96
108
138
Sagiz
East Kazakhstan
Zhambyl
141
Karatau
2 928
117
142
Merke
2 064
47
143
Zhanatas
1 714
50
144
Momyshuly
1 548
71
145
Sarykemer
1 330
56
146
Kulan
1 278
67
147
Moyynkum
1 110
42
148
Sarymoldaeva
1 052
40
149
Tole
941
35
150
Sortobe
657
19
151
Saudakent
620
29
152
Zhalpak-tobe
502
17
153
guards
438
20
154
Assa
417
25
155
Kemer
335
12
156
Masanshy
286
14
157
Burylov
156
15
158
Zhambyl
141
12
Uralsk
35 552
726
160
Aksai
6 591
125
161
Zhalpaktal
2 466
51
162
Kaztalovka
2 365
47
163
Zachagansk
1 673
56
164
Kamenka
1 271
23
165
Daria
1 083
21
166
Derkul
1 056
36
167
Saykyn
1 024
27
168
Chingirlau
708
17
169
Chapaev
565
19
170
Taypak
534
27
171
Jangal
316
15
159
West Kazakhstan
172
Zhympity
267
16
Karaganda
116 815
1 917
174
Temirtau
24 444
540
175
Zheskazgan
13 393
631
176
Satpayev
5 748
269
177
Abay (Karagandy)
2 990
96
178
Shahtinsk
2 755
68
179
Balkhash
2 625
65
180
Saran
2 593
75
181
Karkaralinsk
1 719
22
182
Osakarovka
1 624
49
183
Aktas
1 501
35
184
Topar
1 356
42
185
Priosersk
848
25
186
Atasu
837
26
187
Karazhal
811
49
188
youth
801
27
173
Karagandy
189
Karagaily
789
28
190
Dolinka
611
15
191
Shahan
607
9
192
Aktau (Karagandy)
578
20
193
Ulyanovsk
571
18
194
Zhairem
491
27
195
mine
410
25
196
Kievka
287
11
197
Agadyr
191
6
Kostanay
81 820
2 088
199
ore
19 332
478
200
Lisakovsk
15 253
362
201
Karabalyk
5 807
175
202
Zatobolsk
5 290
209
203
Arkalyk
4 485
153
204
Zhitikara
4 006
120
205
Tobol
2 428
47
206
Fedorivka
2 362
65
207
Kushmurun
2 263
66
208
Denisovka
2 247
50
209
Sarykol
2 009
43
210
Auliekol
1 765
76
211
Amankaragay
1 714
64
212
Bohr
1 688
61
213
Cachar
1 549
62
214
Kamysty
1 325
34
215
Uzunkol
763
25
216
Karamendy
647
19
217
Zarechnoe
398
15
218
Amangeldy
286
14
Kyzylorda
45 875
1 150
220
Kazalinsk
4 527
211
221
Aralsk
812
32
222
Shieli
264
11
223
Zhanakorgan
43
6
198
219
224
Kostanay
Kyzylorda
Aktau (Mangystau)
59 427
1 473
225
Zhanaozen
5 666
192
226
Mangistau
1 744
43
227
Kuryk
889
37
228
Zhetybai
852
19
229
Tenge
726
41
230
Shetpe
517
17
Pavlodar
58 399
1 442
232
Aksu (Pavlodar)
13 780
534
233
Scherbakty
5 340
98
234
Ekibastuz
2 459
132
235
Kachiry
2 450
55
236
Leninist
2 350
34
231
Mangystau
Pavlodar
237
Bayanaul
1 774
58
238
Irtysh
1 598
58
239
Uspenka
1 204
38
240
Maykayn
1 191
41
241
Zhelezinka
759
27
242
sunny
242
13
243
124 318
2 694
244
Sergeevka
7 877
167
245
Novoishimsky
6 790
266
246
Saumalkol
5 992
222
247
Yavlenka
5 120
74
248
Taiynsha
4 845
63
249
Mamlyutka
4 329
103
250
Bishkul
4 085
90
251
Bulayevo
3 954
107
252
Kishkenekol
3 810
112
253
Smirnovo
2 963
92
254
Presnovka
1 729
47
255
Timiryazevo
1 664
38
256
South Kazakhstan
North Kazakhstan
Petropavlovsk
Shymkent
139 405
3 892
257
Turkestan
10 550
414
258
Zhetysai
9 385
406
259
Aksu (North Kazakhstan)
8 027
258
260
Sairam
4 819
140
261
Saryagash
4 177
172
262
Aris
4 066
201
263
Lenger
4 059
126
264
Karabulak
3 733
95
265
Kentau
3 715
175
266
Temirlanovka
3 054
166
267
Chulakkurgan
2 671
162
268
Myrzakent
2 383
129
269
Ryskulov
2 346
69
270
Shaulder
2 237
137
271
Asykata
2 064
105
272
Koksaek
2 028
64
273
Shardara
1 973
69
274
Atakent
1 756
71
275
Abay (North Kazakhstan)
1 605
78
276
Tortkol
1 567
84
277
Pervomaevka
1 325
35
278
Chayan
1 113
57
279
Silk Way
1 027
48
280
Staroikan
1 014
25
281
Kazygurt
995
54
282
Mankent
893
35
283
Tyulkubas
866
34
284
Badam
837
36
285
Karamurt
793
28
286
Communism (Sairam)
776
29
287
Kaytpas 1
625
22
288
Karasu
546
23
289
Sastobe
525
19
290
Kyzylkishlak
500
20
291
Derbisek
471
21
292
Carnac
343
22
293
Iassy
296
12
294
Karashik
180
7
295
Koksu
GRAND TOTAL
95
3
2 273 510
54 541
ANNEX 2. Analysis of the structure of retail space in the sizes and formats of trade by
region
1) Astana
Diagram.1 Shares of shopping and retail space market of Astana.
Source: SARK.
In Astana for retail space stores accounts for 51% of total retail space. On the area of trade markets
account for 49% of the total area.
Diagram.2 Shares of retail space in the overall retail Astana.
Source: DAMU RG.
At this point in Astana format trade "shop at home" still continues to occupy the first place in terms of
retail space, with a weight of 20%. But the rapid construction of new modern retail outlets, gradually
replacing that have become familiar, format trade "shop at home" with leading positions. So «SEC» has
risen to 19% of all sales areas of the capital, the share of STC and shopping centers accounting for 14%
of all commercial areas of the city, on the «Supermarkets» - 13%, «Minimarkets» - 11%.
«Gypermarket» format as trade in Astana city is still less common than the others and has a share of
retail space at a rate of 9%.
Diagram.3 distribution of retail space in Astana size retail facilities.
Source: DAMU RG.
According to the consensus, in the city of Astana dominated outlets area of more than 3000 sq.m, total
area of 155 thousand m2, or 42% of the total sales area of the city. Shopping centers with an area of up
to 100 m2 is occupied by 78 thousand. M2 or 21% of the total area of 100 to 500 sq.m cover 49
thousand. M2 or 13%, and the same from 1000 to 3000 m2 occupied 55 thousand m2, or 15%. The least
developed area of commercial sites from 500 to 1000 m2 and occupy 31 thousand m2, or 8% of total
retail space of the city.
Astana feature is the presence of a new city with a high population density and implementation of a
comprehensive program for the development of the city, supported by appropriate funding. Influence
decision-making factors can best be seen in the diagram of distribution of retail space on a large scale
group of commercial enterprises. The process of policy development of the city is not yet completed and
for this reason there is an imbalance in the development of commercial enterprises of various
dimensions.
2)
Almaty
Diagram.4 Shares of shopping and retail space market Almaty.
Source: SARK.
In Almaty for retail space stores account for 53% of total retail space. On the area of trade markets,
respectively 47% of the total area.
gAlmaty Astana city and stand out from the other regions of the significant difference in the distribution
of retail space on the formats of trade, it is primarily due to the high population density and high rates of
development of modern infrastructure.
For Almaty city formatom major retailers is the traditional "shop at home", the proportion of occupied
retail space which is 29%. It may be noted that the share of trade formata "shop at home" below this
value is only of Astana. This suggests a relatively high level of development in modern trade formats, on
the distribution of shares of retail space which can be seen in the following chart:
Diagram.5 Shares of retail space in the overall retail trade Almaty.
Source: DAMU RG.
Sufficiently developed in formats «Supermarket», «Supermarket», «SEC» and "TC", the proportion of the
area they occupy, are, respectively, 19%, 16%, 12% and 10%.
The following diagram (Diagram.6 distribution of retail space in Almaty size retail facilities.) Shows the
distribution of retail space on the dimension stores. According seen that the largest share of shopping
area up to 100 m2 in the house and mini shops in the area of pedestrian accessibility, located in
residential areas of the city with a high population density. The network of these stores is well developed,
and trade data objects occupy the largest share, the amount of which is 30% of the total retail space.
In the range from 1000 to 3000 and more than 3000m2 is also quite a high proportion of stores, whose
share is 20% and 23% respectively in the overall balance of trade areas of the city. This is mainly shops
located in the private sector.
Diagram.6 distribution of retail space in Almaty size retail facilities.
Source: DAMU RG.
Supermarkets, located outside the walking offer a choice of extended range and more affordable prices.
As can be seen from the material presented, the share of small shops and supermarkets ranging from
100 to 500m2 is 21%. The share of medium-sized supermarkets (500-1000m2) is relatively low - 6%.
To accommodate the large supermarkets and gypermarketov having citywide scope, you can choose a
place on the periphery of the city, close to major highways. If we add to this the promotion of local
authorities, taking into account the socio-economic importance of such objects is easy to predict the
absence of fundamental difficulties with the choice of location for their construction.
The structure of the distribution of retail space by category other than those mentioned territorial
demographic and genetic factors also defines a policy factor, which expresses the presence of a specific
policy of development of retail trade.
In this presentation more visually clearly visible monotonous nature of the distribution, falling towards
the large dimension shops, which can be called natural, since due to the natural territorial and
demographic and hereditary factor.
Unlike the effect of policy on the territorial factor is the demographic factor scenarios retail chains. Local
demographic conditions define the optimal dimension of commercial enterprises, and the development of
trade occurs rapidly, by increasing the number of outlets with a given dimension.
In contrast, the impact of policy factors extensively, ie the development of online retail comes to a
qualitatively new level when opening new retail facilities formats, and the consumer is often dictated by
the standards of modern shopping, producing his new understanding of consumer comfort and taste to
the new conditions in commercial facilities. As a rule, a large share of decision-making factor
characteristic of the beginning of a new stage in the development of social infrastructure of the city,
region or state. In this case the directive by commercial sites de facto standards set long-term customer
service.
3)
Mangystau region
Diagram.7 Shares of shopping and retail space market Mangistau region.
Source: SARK.
In the shops for retail space has to fewer than half the share of the total retail space - 47%. On
the area of trade markets, respectively accounting for 53% of the total area.
If for Almaty city and the city of Astana «Shop at home" is not as important formatom retailers in
Mangistau region this formatu owns more than half (48%) of retail space in the region.
Diagram.8 Shares of retail space in the overall retail Mangistau region.
Source: DAMU RG.
3 times less than the retail space belongs to the next most important trade region formatu as
"STC" occupies 17% of the total area available for retail in the area. Less than one percent share in mini
markets (16%).
Mangystau region, taking into account the population of the area provided enough convenience
stores, which covers an area of up to 100m2, which is 49% of the market.
Diagram.9 structure of retail space in the Mangistau region on the size of retail trade.
Source: DAMU RG.
The range of shops area from 100 to 500 m2 takes about 21 thousand. M2 of retail space and
18% of the total number of retail selling space area. The share of shops with an area of 1000 to 3000m2
- 13%. The proportion of outlets area of over 3000m2 is 9% and occupies 10.6 thousand. M2.
The lowest proportion of area stores from 500 to 1000 m2 which is 10% of the market, or 12
thousand. M2 of retail space.
4)
Aktobe region
Diagram.10 Shares of shopping and market commercial areas of Aktobe region.
Source: SARK.
In the shops for retail space accounts for 70% of total retail space. On the area of the market
respectively accounts for only only 30% of the total area.
As in all regions, the familiar format of trade "shop at home", takes 29% of all retail space area.
Diagram.11 Shares of retail space in the overall retail Aktobe region.
Source: DAMU RG.
Second largest in the region belongs formatu retail «Minimarkets», the proportion of area per them, is
19%.
Further, with little difference from each other are "STC", "TC" and «Supermarket», which accounted for
16%, 13% and 12% of all retail space in the region, respectively.
Then you can mark a group of trade formats, which occupy about the same size of the area for retail sale
of goods: «Gypermarket» with a share of 6% of the occupied areas and «SEC» -4%.
For the Aktobe region, a significant contribution to the category gypermarketov and supermarkets
making facilities covering an area of 1000m2 and more. This is indirect evidence of effective
implementation of development programs in the field of retail trade through the construction of modern
commercial enterprises. This fact is well illustrated in the following diagram. Proportion of facilities with
an area of over 1,000 square meters is 43%.
Diagram.12 Shares of retail space in the overall retail Aktobe region.
Source: DAMU RG.
Distribution of retail space in the area corresponding to the influence of territorial demographic factor for
a city with a high population density, but a large area has a low population density. Therefore, we should
take into account the impact of decision-making factor.
The index of squares per 1,000 people in the area is quite low, consequently, the existing area can be
increased by almost half, to bring the rate to the level of security adopted in developed countries
5)
Atyrau region
Diagram.13-store and market shares of retail space Atyrau region.
Source: SARK.
In the shops for retail space accounts for 54% of total retail space. On the area of trade markets
respectively account for 46% of the total area.
«Convenience stores» and «Supermarkets» in Atyrau region occupy more than half of all the
areas intended for retail, distribution area between formatsi is 33% and 28%, respectively.
Diagram.14 Shares of retail space in the overall retail Atyrau region.
Source: DAMU RG.
The next significant formatom trade in the region is «Minimarkets» with a specific weight of 18%.
The remaining retail formats are significantly inferior to the share distribution areas, as "STC" took 7%,
"TC" and «SEC» by 9%, and «Gypermarket» - 4% of the total area available for retail in the area.
Diagram.15 distribution of retail space in the Atyrau region the size of retail trade.
Source: DAMU RG.
In Atyrauckoy area the largest share in the area of commercial properties to 100m2, which is
equal to 33% or 26 thousand sq. Meters.
The share of retail facilities over 1000m2 dimension is 38% of all areas of the field. Diagram on a
large scale shows a pronounced influence policy and territorial demographic factors on the distribution
outlets for their dimensions. For this area we can recommend the development of the network of
secondary supermarkets from 100 to 1000 m2 of retail space.
6)
Karagandy region
Diagram.16 Shares of shopping and market commercial areas of the Karaganda region.
Source: SARK.
In the shops for retail space account for 56% of total retail space. On the area of trade markets,
respectively accounting for 44% of the total area.
Slightly less than half (43%) of all the areas intended for retail trade in the region occupied by
«Convenience stores».
Diagram.17 Shares of retail space in the structure of retail trade Karaganda region.
Source: DAMU RG.
Further, the distribution of these areas follow «Minimarkets», «STC», «Supermarket» and "TC" with a
specific weight of 19%, 12%, 10% and 10% respectively for each formata trade.
Slightly spread in the region such as trade formats «SEC» and «Gypermarket», which accounted for 2%
and 4% of retail space.
For the city is characterized by the influence factor of inheritance when a noticeable part of outlets
created on the basis of retail space, dating back to Soviet standards. As a result, the share of shops
dimensionality to 100m2 is 44%.
Diagram18 distribution of retail space in the Karaganda region the size of retail trade.
Source: DAMU RG.
The proportion of shops in the sought after range of dimensions from 100 to 500 m2 is 19%, which is
quite low. Even smaller proportion of stores with an area of 500-1000 square meters - only 7%, which is
also an extremely small volume. 1000-3000m2 range is 12% of the total stock of retail space. Clearly
shows that the sector demanded areas from 100 to 1000m2 in area there is a substantial deficit. This fact
makes people more likely to make purchases or small shop at home or go to the major trade centers.
7)
Akmola region
Diagram.19 Shares of shopping and market commercial areas Akmola region.
Source: SARK.
In the shops for retail space accounts for a significant portion constituting 65% of the total retail space.
On the area of trade markets, respectively accounting for 35% of the total area.
For Akmola region is characterized by a concentration of half (50%) of retail space in formate trade
"shop at home".
Diagram.20 Shares of retail space in the overall retail Akmola region.
Source: DAMU RG.
Next in importance to the field of trade formats are "Supermarket», «Supermarket» and "STC", the
proportion of occupied space which is 19%, 13% and 10% respectively.
The remaining formats trade rather poorly represented by their outlets in size footprint. So the share of
"TC" accounts for 4% of all retail space, on «Gypermarket» - 2%, and under «SEC» is intended only 1%
of retail space in the region.
Shares of categories gypermarketov, supermarkets and shopping centers is less than the average in
Kazakhstan and this is due to the predominance in areas with one-storey buildings, for which the
coverage of large supermarketa up to two kilometers and a dense arrangement of large stores profitable
to their owners. The usual solution to these cities, creating a network of small supermarkets with a
coverage area of up to a kilometer and a few large gypermarketov citywide destination. The following
diagram allows the quantification of imbalances in the distribution of retail space city.
Diagram21 distribution of retail space in the Akmola region the size of retail trade.
Source: DAMU RG.
Stores up to 100m2 occupy 51% of retail space, shops 100-500m2 - 23%. In sum, stores up to 500
square meters occupy 74% of all retail space. Sector shopping area from 500 to 1000 m2 takes 9% of
the total retail space, which is very low for such a sought-after sector stores.
Also were low figures for stores in the segment 1000-3000 m2. The proportion of area occupied by these
stores does not exceed 9%. The share of retail facilities over 3,000 square meters is insignificant and is
about 7% of all retail space Akmola region.
Based on the above said DAMU RG believes that Akmola region will be optimal development of
supermarkets dimension from 500 to 1000 m2.
8)
Kostanay region
Diagram22 Shares of shopping and retail space market Kostanai region.
Source: SARK.
In the shops for retail space accounts for a significant portion constituting 74% of the total retail space.
On the area of trade markets respectively account for only 26% of the total area.
The main share of retail space (ie 54%) distributed across formats, in Kostanai region occupies a "shop
at home".
Diagram23 Shares of retail space in the overall retail Kostanai region.
Source: DAMU RG.
Minimarket owned 22% of all retail space in the region. The third position in the distribution of retail
space occupied by "STC" with a specific gravity of 11%. Are the minimum share trading area under the
mall (6%), SEC (4%) and «Gypermarkets» (2%).
Decisive importance in the formation of the structure of trade objects in this region plays a significant
heterogeneity of population density in different areas of the region and cities.
The proportion of area of the store dimension up to 100 square meters in total amounts to 55% and
provides 136 thousand sq. Meters. This indicates quite a significant proportion of stores with low area in
the region.
Diagram24 distribution of retail space in the Kostanai region the size of retail trade.
Source: DAMU RG.
The share of retail properties ranging in size from 100 to 3000 and more than 3,000 square meters. m is
small enough. Obviously, this is all due to the low investment activity of the art market. Excessive
concentration of shops and small formats insufficient amount of retail space in excess of 100 and 500
square meters will constrain the level of retail prices in the area at a high enough level that does not
contribute to improve the socio-economic situation in the region.
Such a situation is due to the specifics of the other Kostanai formed the historical city center, built mainly
2-storey and 5-storey residential buildings during the development of virgin lands. This area has an
average population density. To the city center adjoins the private sector, which occupies a large area for
which the lowest population density in the city. Along the border of the city are neighborhoods built at a
later time and consist of high-rise residential buildings.
Given the described heterogeneity in population density in different areas of the city, area distribution, as
shown in the following diagram, looks quite logical. In the private sector, low population density makes it
impractical opening of large supermarkets close to each other. Nevertheless, the decision of problems of
the region is only possible through the construction of shopping is formata supermarket and discount
stores.
9)
Kyzylorda region
Diagram25-store and market shares of retail space Kyzylorda region.
Source: SARK.
In the shops for retail space less than half, and it was only 41% of the total retail space. On the area of
trade markets respectively account for 59% of the total area.
Like most regions of the country in Kyzyl-Orda region belongs to the main trade format "shop at home",
the share of retail space they occupy is 42%.
Diagram26 Shares of retail space in the overall retail Kyzyl-Orda region.
Source: DAMU RG.
«Minimarkets», with a weight of 22%, takes the second position in the distribution of retail space in the
region for trade formats. Supermarkets, shopping centers and the SEC with respectively 13%, 9% and
6% of the area intended for trading form the next stage of the importance of trade formats. The
proportion of the area and STC "Gypermarketov" quite small and is about 3% and 5%, respectively.
Diagram27 distribution of retail space in the Kyzyl-Orda region the size of retail trade.
Source: DAMU RG.
The proportion of stores in the category up to 100 m2 is 44% of the retail space in 38.5 thousand sq.
Meters.
Shares outlets dimensions from 100 to 500 square meters is 24% of the total surface area of 21
thousand square meters and. Area from 500 to 1000m2sostavlyaet 4%, an area of over 1000m2 28%. In
general, it can be noted that in the area is dominated by shopping centers with small sales area of 100
square meters.
Deficit of modern retail space in the city is quite high and the distribution of commercial facilities on the
dimension indicates the predominance in geographically demographic factor. In such circumstances, to
eliminate the deficit of retail space will be optimal due to the development dimension of the category of
supermarkets 100-1000 m2.
10)
Pavlodar region
Diagram28 Shares of shopping and market commercial areas of Pavlodar region.
Source: SARK.
In the shops for retail space accounts for a significant portion constituting 76% of the total retail space.
On the area of trade markets respectively account for only 24% of the total area.
In Pavlodar region on trade format "shop at home" account for 39% of all retail space in the region.
Diagram.29 Shares of retail space in the overall retail trade of Pavlodar region.
Source: DAMU RG.
The smallest share occupied by such formats as «SEC», and «Gypermarkets» - 4% each.
The city has a marked influence of hereditary factors - Pavlodar in the past one of the largest industrial
and industrial centers of the country. Geographically residential sector Pavlodar consisted of new
neighborhoods, high-rise apartment buildings built in accordance with policy development plans of the
Soviet period, and historical private residential sector.
Diagram.30 distribution of retail space in the Pavlodar region the size of retail trade.
Source: DAMU RG.
Diagram shows a high proportion of retail properties with an area of 100 square meters. It is obvious that
in the medium lacking trade objects ranging in size from 500 to 1000 square meters.
Total sales in the medium formats from 500 to 1000 square meters does not exceed 6% of the total area
of retail space.
11)
South Kazakhstan region
Diagram31 Shares of shopping and market commercial areas of the North-Kazakhstan region.
Source: SARK.
In the shops for retail space accounted for 59% of total retail space. On the area of trade markets
respectively account for only 41% of the total area.
The nature of the distribution of retail space on the formats in the North-Kazakhstan region can be traced
in the following diagram:
Diagram.32 Shares of retail space in the structure of retail trade in the MSE.
Source: DAMU RG.
As with all parts of the country, is the main format «Shop at home" with a specific gravity of retail space
occupied by 39%; followed minimarkets and STC - 21% and 20% (fairly high level compared with other
regions); and fourth place is occupied by «Supermarkets», with 14% allocated to them sevice.
Much smaller space occupied by the shopping center in the region - 4%. A retail formats, such as the
SEC and «Gypermarkets» is not yet sufficiently implemented in the area occupied by them, and shopping
areas are only 1% and 2%, respectively.
Diagram.33 distribution of retail space in the RMS size retail facilities.
Source: DAMU RG.
Distribution of retail space the city has developed under the influence decision-making factor. The share
of area up to 100m2 store is 40%. The share of retail space from 100 to 500 square meters is 25%. The
share of retail space formata average from 500 to 1000 square meters is only 14%. Area of over 1,000
square meters in size is not so high and is only 21%.
12)
Almatinskaya region
Diagram34 Shares of shopping and market commercial areas of Almaty region.
Source: SARK.
In the shops for retail space has to a much smaller portion constituting only 29% of the total retail space.
On the area of trade markets respectively account for 71% of the total area.
In Almaty region currently trading format "shop at home" is the undisputed leader in size occupied retail
space and its share is 48%.
Diagram.35 share of retail space in the overall retail Almatinskaya region.
Source: DAMU RG.
Supermarkets, STC and minimarkets in general, account for 35% of all retail space in the region.
In less common in the region, "TC», «Gypermarkets» and «SEC» size of occupied space which is 8%, 6%
and 3% respectively.
Diagram.36 distribution of retail space in the Almaty region the size of retail trade.
Source: DAMU RG.
In Almaty region is sufficiently high concentration of retail properties with small retail space up to 100
square meters. meter - 49%. In this case, the trend of development of retail space indicates that the
region built large shopping areas, the share of which in recent years is growing. So the area of more than
1000 square meters in area - 30% of the total area.
13)
Zhambyl region
Diagram.37 Shares of shopping and retail space market Zhamdylskoy area.
Source: SARK.
In the shops for retail space account for 56% of total retail space. On the area of trade markets,
respectively accounting for 44% of the total area.
More than half of retail space Zhambyl region, namely 52%, occupy outlets belonging to formatu "shop
at home", which is several times the size of the area occupied by any other formatsi trade in the region.
Diagram.38 Shares of retail space in the overall retail Zhambyl region.
Source: DAMU RG.
The second largest share in the region have minimarkets - 21%. The remaining formats are areas less
than 10% of the total retail space.
Diagram.39 distribution of retail space in Zhambyl region the size of retail trade.
Source: DAMU RG.
For Zhambyl region is characterized by territorial impact of the demographic factor, with a predominance
of small shops located in areas with low-rise buildings. The city also has a large part of the territory
occupied districts 5-storey building, where appropriate placement of mini shops to 100m2 of retail space.
At the same time in open and modern trade centers and supermarkets. The main deficiency of shops in
the city accounted for medium supermarkets in the range of 500-1000 m2.
14)
West Kazakhstan region
Diagram.40 Shares of shopping and market commercial areas of West Kazakhstan region.
Source: SARK.
In the shops for retail space accounts for 55% of total retail space. On the area of trade markets
respectively account for 45% of the total area.
The main formatom trade in West Kazakhstan region, as well as for other regions of the field, is a "shop
at home", the share of retail space which is 38%.
Diagram41 Shares of retail space in the overall structure of retail trade in WKO.
Source: DAMU RG.
The second largest share in the region have minimarkets - 19%. The third and fourth places were STC
and supermarkets with 12 and 10 percent, respectively. Other formats trade are also well developed in
the region.
Diagram.42 distribution of retail space in WKO size retail facilities.
Source: DAMU RG.
The share of retail properties with an area of 100 square meters up in the WKO is 39%, which is less
than in most areas. Categories stores from 100 to 500 meters 23% of retail space. The greatest shortage
is in the segment of retail space from 500 to 1000 square meters. meters, which is typed in the region,
only 6%.
15)
East Kazakhstan region
Diagram.43 Shares of shopping and market commercial areas of East Kazakhstan region.
Source: SARK.
In the shops for retail space account for 53% of total retail space. On the area of trade markets,
respectively accounting for 47% of the total area.
"Shop at home" for the East Kazakhstan region is also a major formatom trade with a specific gravity of
retail space occupied by 40%. A little more than 2 times less retail space accounts for minimarkets 18%. Third and fourth positions confidently take "STC" and «Supermarket» the proportion of retail space
which is 19% and 13%, respectively.
Diagram.44 Shares of retail space in the overall retail EKR.
Source: DAMU RG.
Much smaller shopping areas in the region drained by "TC», «SEC» and «Gypermarkets», the proportion
of the area which is respectively 6%, 2% and 3%.
Diagram.45 distribution of retail space in the East Kazakhstan region the size of retail trade.
Source: DAMU RG.
In the East Kazakhstan region in mind the active development of the retail market between areas of
different dimensions is observed strong distortions similar to other regions of the country. Since category
from 100 to 500 square meters from 1000 to 3000 and 3000 m are relatively equal share - 22%, 16%
and 13% respectively.
A shop in size from 500 to 1,000 square meters is presented in short supply and is 9%.
16)
North Kazakhstan region
Diagram.46 Shares of shopping and market commercial areas of South Kazakhstan region.
Source: SARK.
In the shops for retail space have less than half, and it was only 48% of the total retail space. On the
area of trade markets respectively account for 52% of the total area.
69% of all sales areas of South Kazakhstan region accounts for trade format "shop at home" - is the
largest share among all regions of the country.
Diagram.47 Shares of retail space in the overall retail SKO.
Source: DAMU RG.
The remaining formats trade remains only 31% of all retail space. Second largest in the region belongs
formatu retail «Minimarkets», the proportion of area per them, is 12%.
The high share of the points category "shop at home" in Shymkent due to both traditional southern cities
abundance of small shops and a relatively weak development of new shopping facilities of large
dimension. This observation is confirmed by the fact that today's large trade area of over 5000 m2 were
opened in the city recently.
Diagram.48 distribution of retail space in the SKR-size retail facilities.
Source: DAMU RG.
Distribution of retail space on the dimension stores in Shymkent looks quite interesting, since the
segment stores to 100m2, share space decreases monotonically.
The most extensive segment stores to 100m2 occupies 70% of all retail space, which is the highest index
for Kazakhstan. There is a significant deficit in SKO shops with an area of over 100 square meters formats supermarkets, discounters. The combined share of commercial facilities from 100 to 1000m2 is
only 18%. Shopping facilities over 1,000 square meters occupy only 13% of all retail space area. As can
be seen, the main burden of ensuring residents are small shops area of up to 100 m2.
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[1] In developed economies under the retail margin is the difference between the selling price and the price of the
plant on the store shelf. Due to differences in the existing trading systems, Kazakhstan retail stores usually rarely
cooperate directly with manufacturers and distributors have to work with, while Western retail network players
work exclusively with manufacturers. Based on the foregoing and to the relevance of the data we have under retail
"trade margin" shall mean the same as the difference between the selling prices of local products (and only in the
absence of local production, the price of the distributor) and the price of a retail store shelf.
[2] The Logistics Performance Index and Its Indicators. The World Bank.
[3] Improving the logistics for increasing trade
http://ictsd.org/i/news/bridgesrussian/73049/#sthash.WMxg3ZCc.dpuf
[4] http://www.usgovernmentrevenue.com
[5] http://people.stern.nyu.edu/adamodar/New_Home_Page/datafile/taxrate.htm
[6] http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2013/05/25/sunday-review/corporate-taxes.html?_r=0
[7] Carrefour S.A.2012 annual financial report
[8] http://trade-help.com/torgovie-tehnologii/proizvoditelnost-truda-v-magazine.html