Name: ________________________ Period: _____
Date: _________________________
Review - Benchmark #3
Use your textbook and all other handouts or notes to fully answer all questions. This
Benchmark covers Chapters 6, 7, and 10 (Earthquakes, Volcanoes, Rocks, and the Rock
Cycle).
PLATE TECTONICS
1. Label the diagram:
2. What causes tectonic plates to move?
3. What layer of the Earth has convection currents?
4. What is the specific name of the area in the Earth where convection currents occur?
5. Which layer of the Earth is liquid Iron?
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EARTHQUAKES
6. Where do most earthquakes occur?
7.
Why do most earthquakes occur in the locations you have stated in Question #12?
8.
Complete the table below:
Earthquakes
Measures
Scale
Arrive First, Second, or
Last?
Compression, Right
Angles, or Other?
Richter Scale
Mercalli Scale
Earthquakes
Primary waves
Secondary waves
Surface waves
9.
Which waves above cause the most damage?
10. What is the name of the instrument that scientists use to record P, S, and Surface
waves from an earthquake?
11. How many instrument stations are needed to record seismic waves from an
earthquake in order for a scientist to determine the epicenter of the earthquake?
12. The San Andreas Fault is shown in the
diagram to the right. It is formed
when the Pacific Plate slides past the
North American Plate. Describe the
direction of movement of the Pacific
Plate.
13. What type of fault is the San Andreas
Fault?
14. What type of plate boundary is the San
Andreas Fault?
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VOLCANOES
15. Sketch and Answer
Sketch
Stratovolcano or
Sketch Composite
Sketch
Formed at what type of plate
boundaries?
Formed at what type of plate
boundaries?
Formed at what type of plate
boundaries?
Type of eruption and material
ejected?
Type of eruption and material
ejected?
Type of eruption and material
ejected?
Cinder cone
Shield Volcano
16. What is a “hotspot” and how does it form?
17. What is felsic magma or lava?
18. What is mafic magma or lava?
19. What type of volcano(es) has felsic lava that creates light colored rocks?
20. What type of volcano has mafic lava that creates dark colored rocks?
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ROCKS
21. Complete the table
If these apply to the Rock
type, check the box under
the Rock type name
Igneous
Sedimentary
Metamorphic
Has fossils
Forms under heat and
pressure
One category is
intrusive
Has layers
Can be foliated or
unfoliated
One category is
extrusive
Forms from the cooling
of magma
Is shiny
Can be of organic
origin
Gneiss is an example
Sandstone is an
example
Basalt is an example
22. Where do intrusive igneous rocks form?
23. Where do extrusive igneous rocks form?
24. How can you tell intrusive igneous rocks apart from extrusive igneous rocks?
25. The continental crust is mainly composed of a light colored intrusive igneous rock.
What is the name of the rock?
26. The oceanic crust is mainly composed of a dark colored extrusive igneous rock. What
is the name of the rock?
****5 POINT BONUS **** Where does the epicenter of an earthquake have to be in order
for a tsunami to occur?
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