2012
e-Government – frameworks and
services
Arvo Ott, PhD,
arvo.ott@ega.ee
e-Governance Academy
www.ega.ee
What are we?
• We are non-profit, non-government organization
working in private law founded as a result of the
Memorandum of Understanding (June 2002) between
– UNDP (Bratislava),
– OSI (Budapest) and
– Estonian government (Ministry of Economy and Communication)
to facilitate the knowledge creation and knowledge
transfer on e-governance.
• EGA formally founded December 2002
E-Governance Academy - Programs
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Central e-government program 2002
Local and regional e-governance program 2005
eDemocracy program 2004
ICT in education 2004
Mobile governance 2008
Geographic Information Systems in public
administration - 2008
• eGovernment in the field of Social Security – 2008
• Cyber security – policies and frameworks…
E-Estonia
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•
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76 % of population are Internet users
63 % of the households have a computer
at home, 82 % of home computers
connected to Internet.
over 700 Public Internet Access Points in
Estonia, 51 per 100 000 people.
More than 1 100 000 smart-card type IDcards issued
92% (citizens) of tax declarations were edeclarations (2010), 97% businesses
1 place in Internet Banking – (next are
Norway, Nederlands, New Zealand….
Finland in the 6th place)
18th (all 134) place in Network Readiness
index, 3th in eGov, 1 in eGov services
(Global IT Report 2008-2009 for World
Economic Forum)
E-Estonia
• In August 2000, the Government of Estonia changed its
Cabinet meetings to paperless sessions using a web-based
document system.
Balanced e-Governance
Combination of electronic services and participatory services
e- GOVERNMENT
Transaction
of
user-oriented
services offered by government
that are based on information and
communication technologies.
e-DEMOCRACY
Digitally
conveyed
information
(transparency) and the political
influence (participation) exerted by
citizens and business on the opinionforming processes of public – state
and non-state –institutions
eGovernment example:
Parental benefit – best eGov service in 2004
(interoperability of 5 information systems from 5
goverment institutions)
eParticipation example: EVoting in Estonia (140 8 46 evoters in 2011!)
Driving forces of eGov
• Stable and functioning organizational setup for
coordination.
• Leadership and political will.
• Fixed info-political principles.
• PPP, good telecom infrastructure and high level
of eBanking
• Supporting legal and fiscal frameworks.
• Interoperable ICT architecture.
Framework
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Parliament
Government
Ministries
Informatics Council
Example: Fixed info-political principles in Estonia
• Citizen (customer) orientation
• Leading role for the private sector
• Efficient and transparent public sector.
eDemocracy and participation.
• Functioning model for protection of personal
data
• Measures against digital divide (ID-cards
example…)
• Neutrality concerning technological platforms
• etc.
Government
County
Local
governments governments
IT managers Representative
Ministries
Management
representatives &
IT managers of
ministries
Subordinate
agencies
IT managers
IT councils of
ministries
Councils
directors
ICT work groups
of ministries
IT councils
of counties
Local government
associations
Council
representative
Informatics
Council
Representative
IC secretariat
IT manager
Department of
State Information
Systems (RISO)
ICT work groups
of counties
MINISTRY OF ECONOMIC
AFFAIRS AND
COMMUNICATIONS
Informatics
Centre
State Chancellery /
Ministry
eGov Center
(CIO office)
ICT work group
of ministries
ICT work group
of regional
development
•Regulation initiatives
•eGov budget planning
•monitoring of implementation
•Interoperability Framework agreements
Ministries
Reform initiatives
ICT Budget
CIO-s
eGov implementing institution
IT Businesses
IT Businesses
IT Businesses
IT Businesses
project procurement,
supervision,
implementation
systems
maintenance
end user training
Nature of document
Name of Document
Nature of regulation
Policy and strategy
documents
eGov Strategy,
Interoperability
Framework
Infopolitical agreement,
strong recommendation
Laws and sub-acts
Databases acts,
Personal Data
Protection Act, Digital
Signature Act etc.
Compulsory
Framework descriptions Architecture
descriptions
Strong recommendation
Interoperability Related
Standards
Advise and
recommendation
Documents, digital
signature, security,
message transfer etc.
Legislation
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–
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Databases Act (1997/ 2006)
Public Information Act (2001)
Digital Signatures Act (2000)
Act on Intellectual Property (applicable also for state
databases)
– Principles of Estonian Information Policy (1998,
2004)
– Action Plan of Estonian Information Policy –
(eEstonia) (1998, 1999, 2000, 2001,2002, 2003, 2004,
2005, 2006...)
– Personal Data Protection Act (1996)
Governmental Registries
• Many registries, all very different, managed
and developed by different organizations and
financed separately
• Very many users, most of them are very small
organizations without security knowledge and
with a very small IT budget
• Very high security requirements. Registries
contain personal data that is in some cases
used to make high value decisions and in
some cases needed in real time
Service Points
VISION
Ministries
E- Gov Center:
-strategy
-budget
-regulation
-training
Shared,
services
infrastructure,
portal,
interoperability
architecture,
eID, payment
gateway etc.
More and better services, More locations, 24/7,smaller Government, lower costs
Case: Estonia
110 DB
5
550 org.
~ 400
~ 45 000
13 000
April 2010
www.ega.ee
1,100,000
500 DB
Authentication for Interoperability Framework:
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passwords
Cryptographic smartcard
ID-card
Mobile-ID
software certificates
PIN calculators
federated authentication (authentication service providers)
Parameters:
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•
•
security level of the authentication scheme
associated costs
ease of deployment
ICT Infrastructure (example):
• PKI
•National chip-based Identity Cards
Issuing authority:
Estonian Citizenship and
Migration Board
Service contractor:
TRÜB Switzerland
Start of issue:January 1, 2002
Conformance with:
ICAO Doc. 9303 part 3
Inside 16 Kb RSA crypto chip are :
2 private keys; authentication certificate;
digital signature certificate;
personal data file
ID card as key
• ID-card is key component
– e-police
– e-health record
– e-school
– e-elections
– ...
ID card based public transportation tickets
Phone/GSM
Internet bank
Population register
ID-tickets
Service points
ID-card is used to purchase ID-ticket
and on validation
Thank you for your
attention!
Arvo Ott, PhD
Director
eGovernance Academy
arvo.ott@ega.ee
www.ega.ee