Circulatory and Gas Exchange
Figure 42.0 External gills of a salmon
Intimate exchange of
gases via capillaries
Figure 42.1 Internal transport in the cnidarian Aurelia
Invertebrate: Jelly fish
Figure 42.1x Aurelia (moon jelly)
Figure 42.2 Open and closed circulatory systems
Figure 42.3 Generalized circulatory schemes of vertebrates
Figure 42.4 The mammalian cardiovascular system: an overview
Blood circulation
Figure 42.5 The mammalian heart: a closer look
Blood Circulation
Figure 42.6 The cardiac cycle
Figure 42.7 The control of heart rhythm
An increase of 1o C increases HR 10
bpm. Had a fever lately?
Purkinje Fibers
Figure 42.8 The structure of blood vessels
Figure 42.9 Blood flow in veins
Figure 42.10 The interrelationship of blood flow velocity, cross-sectional area of
blood vessels, and blood pressure
Figure 42.11 Measurement of blood pressure (Layer 1)
Figure 42.11 Measurement of blood pressure (Layer 2)
Figure 42.11 Measurement of blood pressure (Layer 3)
Figure 42.11 Measurement of blood pressure (Layer 4)
Figure 42.12 Blood flow in capillary beds
Figure 42.13 The movement of fluid between capillaries and the interstitial fluid
Figure 42.14 The composition of mammalian blood
Figure 42.15 Differentiation of blood cells
Figure 42.16a Blood clotting
Injury to blood
vessel:
Platelets, damaged cells and plasma
all contribute clotting factors
Prothrombin
Fibrinogen
Thrombin
Fibrin
Figure 42.16x Blood clot
Figure 42.17 Atherosclerosis: normal artery and artery with plaque
Angiogenesis and Cancer
• Video: Angiogenesis and Cancer (15-20
minutes)
Respiratory System
Figure 42.18 The role of gas exchange in bioenergetics
Figure 42.19 Diversity in the structure of gills, external body surfaces functioning in
gas exchange
Figure 42.20 The structure and function of fish gills
Figure 42.21 Countercurrent exchange
Maximizes oxygen flow from the water to the blood
Figure 42.22 Tracheal systems
Figure 42.23ab The mammalian respiratory system
Figure 42.23c Alveoli
Figure 42.23cx2 Alveolar structure of mouse lung
Figure 42.24 Negative pressure breathing
Figure 42.25 The avian respiratory system
Tubes in the lungs
are the parabronchi
Figure 42.26 Automatic control of breathing
Figure 42.27 Loading and unloading of respiratory gases
Figure 42.28 Oxygen dissociation curves for hemoglobin
Bohr Effect or Shift
Hemocyanin: blood pigment in insects; Cu is
the oxygen binder giving the blood a bluish tint.
Hemoglobin: Heme group
Figure 42.29 Carbon dioxide transport in the blood
The Tissue Level
Tissues
O2
Capillary
O2 + HHb
HHbO2
CO2
CO2 + H2O
HbO2- + H+
H2CO3
H+
+ HCO3-
Plasma
At The Lungs
Lungs
O2
Capillary
O2 + HHb
HHbO2
CO2
CO2 + H2O
HbO2- + H+
H2CO3
H+
+ HCO3-
Plasma
Figure 42.30 The Weddell seal, Leptonychotes weddell, a deep-diving mammal
Unnumbered Figure (page 899) Dissociation curves for two hemoglobins
Fetal Hb has a different
polypeptide that increases it
affinity for oxygen.