By:
Saddam Qahtan Waheed
B. Sc. in Water Resources Engineering (2007)
M. Sc. in Hydrological Engineering and Remote Sensing Techniques (2010)
SWLRI \ NCWRM \ MoWR
INTRODUCTION
 Increasing water demand for crop production and other uses (power
generation, transport, industry, municipal, recreational, environmental,
etc.)
 Trans-boundary river and tributaries shared by more than one country
 No bi-lateral agreement
 Uncontrolled infrastructure development in neighboring countries;
i.e. dams
 Diverting water from some rivers originating in Iran
Total annual water in Tigers River (NCWRM, 2011)
Duration
Total annual water form Tigris River
Remarks
1932 - 1998
49.2 billion m3
Natural
1999 - 2011
33.1 billion m3
After dams construction in the upstream
Annual Inflows of Tigris River
Total annual water in Euphrates River (NCWRM, 2011)
Duration
Total annual water
form Euphrates River
Remarks
1932 - 1972
30.4 billion m3
Before dams construction in the upstream
1973 - 1989
26.2 billion m3
After construction of Kipan dam in the upstream
1990 - 2000
19.7 billion m3
After filling of Ataturk dam
2001 - 2011
12.8 billion m3
After increasing of dams construction in the upstream
Annual Inflows of Euphrates River
CHANGES IN WATER INFLOWS
(1932 to 2011)
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
1. To investigate the feasibility of using the whole irrigable land to
grow cash crops.
2. To develop the area as orchards and construct trickle irrigation
system in the area to conserve water.
3. To increase crop production then export part of the products and
use the returns to import wheat.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study involves the following activities:
1.
Calculating the benefit from Khabat irrigation project in the current status,
2.
Replacing the type of irrigation system from surface to trickle systems,
3.
Changing cropping pattern in the whole project to orchards,
4.
Calculating the benefits from the project after development, and
5.
Comparing the benefits from the project before and after development.
KHABAT IRRIGATION PROJECT
• Location: Northern part of
Iraq.
• Total command area: 10,500
hectare
• Total irrigated area: 3,000
hectare
• Current irrigation systems:
Surface irrigation systems
• Average
conveyance
efficiency: 85 %
• Average on-farm efficiency:
25 %
Layout of Khabat irrigation project
PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT
• Upgrading irrigation practices
• Changing the cropping patterns
RESULTING IN:
Increasing ratio =
Trickle irrigation efficiency
Furrow irrigation efficiency
=
90 %
25%
= 3.6
Cultivated area after development = Increasing ratio × old area
= 3.6 × 3,000
= 10,800 hectare > (10,500 hectare);
ESPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS
• The total cost of upgrading 10,500 ha. to trickle irrigation:
10,500 × 3,500 = $36,750,000
• Economic life: 15 years
• Maintenance costs: Estimated in 5% of total cost
• Replacement of emitters and laterals every three years (30% of total cost)
• The cost of planting 10,500 ha of orchards will be: 380 × 10,500 = $ 3,990,000.
• Initial orchard production is after 3 years (2,600 kg/ha.)
ESPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS (cont…)
• Maximum orchard production is at the 6th year (4,600 kg/ha)
• Using fertilizers and herbicides, production expected to increase to 5,000 kg/ha in
the 5th year; 5,200 kg/ha in the 6th year.
• The yearly cost of fertilizes and herbicides is about ($35,000 + $43,000 =
$78,000),
• The operational cost of the trickle irrigation system:
Electrical power supply: requirement of about 204,940 kw/day ≈ $ 3,989,000
BENEFIT ANALYSIS BEFORE AND AFTER
DEVELOPMENT
• Calculate the benefit from the project before development: cost production
versus selling
• Calculate the production cost of each crop;
• Calculate the benefits from the crops
ANNUAL NET BENEFITS FROM THE PROJECT
BEFORE THE DEVELOPMENT
- The net benefit of the project is $ 872,850.
- The highest benefit of the crop type is the fruits orchards (1690 $/ha./year)
and the lowest is barely (100 $/ha./year)
Annual benefit from each crop type in $.
• The benefit from the project after development was calculated by
calculating all costs.
• Total cost of the developing is a bank loan, it increases every year by 10%
(compound interest).
• The construction of new irrigation system can be covered after 10 years.
Expected returns of the project after development
Expected bank loan payback payment
Cost of
service and
maintenance
Cost of
planting
Year
Cost of
changing
the emitters
& laterals
Cost of
fertilizes
and
herbicides
Cost of
electric
power
1
0
1,837,500
3,990,000
78,000
2
0
1,837,500
0
3
11,025,000
1,102,500
4
0
5
Loan
Total loan
3,989,000
36,750,000
78,000
3,989,000
0
78,000
1,837,500
0
0
1,837,500
6
11,025,000
7
Loan after
the interest
Payment
Remaining
46,644,500
51,308,950
-872,850
52,181,800
52,181,800
58,086,300
63,894,930
-872,850
64,767,780
3,989,000
64,767,780
80,962,280
89,058,508
12,777,150
76,281,358
78,000
3,989,000
76,281,358
82,185,858
90,404,444
23,277,150
67,127,294
0
78,000
3,989,000
67,127,294
73,031,794
80,334,973
25,377,150
54,957,823
1,102,500
0
78,000
3,989,000
54,957,823
71,152,323
78,267,555
26,427,150
51,840,405
0
1,837,500
0
78,000
3,989,000
51,840,405
57,744,905
63,519,396
26,427,150
37,092,246
8
0
1,837,500
0
78,000
3,989,000
37,092,246
42,996,746
47,296,421
26,427,150
20,869,271
9
11,025,000
1,102,500
0
78,000
3,989,000
20,869,271
37,063,771
40,770,148
26,427,150
14342997.72
10
0
1,837,500
0
78,000
3,989,000
14,342,998
20,247,498
22,272,247
26,427,150
-4,154,903
11
0
1,837,500
0
78,000
3,989,000
-4,154,903
1,749,597
1,924,557
26,427,150
-24,502,593
12
11,025,000
1,102,500
0
78,000
3,989,000
-24,502,593
-8,308,093
-9,138,902
26,427,150
-35,566,052
13
0
1,837,500
0
78,000
3,989,000
-35,566,052
-29,661,552
-32,627,707
26,427,150
-59,054,857
14
0
1,837,500
0
78,000
3,989,000
-59,054,857
-53,150,357
-58,465,393
26,427,150
-84,892,543
COMPARING THE BENEFITS
• Net benefit , new system versus old system is about $ 84,892,500;
• New system more beneficial than the old system by 6.5 times:
net benifit after dev.
net benifit before dev.
=
$84,892,500
$ 872,850 ×15
≈ 6.5
• Orchards are more beneficial than other crop types, but their returns start
after three years. They also required water all year around.
• By using new irrigation systems like trickle, sprinkle, or micro-sprinkler:
• The irrigated area will be increased,
• The number of farmers will increase and the migration reduced,
• The import of orchard products will be reduced.
CONCLUSIONS
1. Due to the lack of water in Iraq in the last years many irrigation projects are
suffering from that and the net irrigated areas were decreased to less than half.
2. The net irrigated area can be increased to three times by changing the irrigation
systems from surface to trickle.
3. The net benefit from Khabat irrigation project in the current condition is
$872,850 per year and after development is $84,892,500 per 15 year,
$5,659,500 as average per year.
4. The net benefit from Khabat irrigation project after development is more than
net benefit before the development by 6.5 times.
Thanks for
Listening