What can you do?
Prepared by Marilyn Rausch
Indiana State Association FCRV DAT Program 2011
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There is NOTHING that you can do that will
make the situation worse!
To do NOTHING is worse than to do
anything at all, even if you do not feel
certain of what to do.
To be prepared
is the best approach
Indiana Association FCRV DASAT 2011
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This information will not certify you in
CPR, but give basic instruction only.
There is much more you can learn about
choking, use of AEDs, etc.
If you want more training in CPR, call
877-242-4277
or your local American Heart Association
Indiana Association FCRV DASAT 2011
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Compressions-only or hands-only CPR
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Redefined abnormal breathing
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Start CPR immediately if person is not breathing
normally and not responsive.
Reemphasis on decreasing the time lapse between
the last chest compression and defibrillation and
from defibrillation back to chest compressions.
Indiana Association FCRV DASAT 2011
recommended to lay rescuers who are
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not comfortable giving rescue breaths or
have no personal protective equipment
when they encounter a person who has had
sudden cardiac arrest.
Indiana Association FCRV DASAT 2011
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The agonal respiration or gasping for
breath that is common among cardiac
arrest patients is not normal breathing,
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Calls for emergency response.
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This is the same action as for a patient
that is not breathing at all.
Indiana Association FCRV DASAT 2011
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the person is not breathing normally
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the person is not responsive
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You cannot easily identify whether a
person has a definite pulse within
10 seconds
Indiana Association FCRV DASAT 2011
Head tilt / chin lift
and
looking, listening, and feeling for breathing
are no longer a first recommended action
For a lay responder
when responding to a medical emergency.
Indiana Association FCRV DASAT 2011
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Compressions should be fast and deep
◦ AT LEAST 100 chest compressions per minute
◦ AT LEAST 2 inches deep for an adult.
◦ at least 1/3 the depth of the chest of a child/infant
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They should allow for full recoil of the chest
before the next compression.
If an AED (defibrillator) is used, IMMEDIATELY
resume chest compressions for 2 minutes.
Indiana Association FCRV DASAT 2011
What prevents people from performing CPR when needed?
Lawsuits?
Good Samaritan Laws
protect you those who voluntarily render
emergency aid to another individual.
Indiana Association FCRV DASAT 2011
What prevents people from performing CPR when needed?
Unsure of Skills?
Anything is better than nothing.
If a person is not breathing, the “numbers”
aren’t important.
Do something!
Indiana Association FCRV DASAT 2011
What prevents people from performing CPR when needed?
Might Hurt or Kill Patient?
The person is already dead.
How much worse can the person become?
Since time is of the essence,
If you do nothing, there is no chance…
Indiana Association FCRV DASAT 2011
What prevents people from performing CPR when needed?
Fear of Disease?
Hands-Only CPR may be a good alternative if
you don't have personal protective equipment
or don't feel comfortable giving rescue breaths.
Convenient one-use CPR face shields that can
be carried in purse or on key chain are available.
Latex or vinyl gloves can also be used.
Indiana Association FCRV DASAT 2011
What prevents people from performing CPR when needed?
Unsafe Scene
The most valid fear
Do not become another victim yourself.
If you're going to enter an area
to rescue someone,
make sure that the surrounding area is safe
enough so that you don't become another victim.
Indiana Association FCRV DASAT 2011
helps encourage lay rescuers to get involved
who may not otherwise help.
Rescuers deliver
◦ 2 inch deep compressions
◦ rate of at least 100 compressions per minute without
the need to deliver rescue breaths in between.
Hands-only CPR
eliminates the fear of transmitting disease
by removing the mouth-to-mouth component.
Indiana Association FCRV DASAT 2011
 ADULT:
ages 8 and older.
 CHILD:
ages 1-8
 INFANT:
ages under 1 year old
Indiana Association FCRV DASAT 2011
SEQUENCE
For ADULT CPR, activate 911 before starting CPR.
For CHILD AND INFANT, activate 911 after 5
cycles (2 minutes) of CPR
Indiana Association FCRV DASAT 2011
DEPTH OF COMPRESSION
Adult: 1½ to 2 inches.
Child and Infant: 1/3 the depth of the
chest.
Indiana Association FCRV DASAT 2011
POSITION OF HANDS
In all ages, place hand mid-chest on an
imaginary line between the nipples
Adult and Child: use the heel of the hand
Infant: use 2 fingers placed over the
breastbone.
Indiana Association FCRV DASAT 2011
 Assess
the need.
 Activate
911.
 Give
2 breaths (or start
hands-only Compressions)
 Push
on chest.
Indiana Association FCRV DASAT 2011
If someone seems to have collapsed, check for
responsiveness.
“ARE YOU OKAY? CAN
YOU HEAR ME?”
Shout
Indiana Association FCRV DASAT 2011
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Shout “Somebody help me.”
If someone is there, direct them:
“Hey, you, call 911 NOW.”
If no one is available, leave to call 911
yourself then return to start CPR.
Indiana Association FCRV DASAT 2011
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Tilt the head and lift the chin
Look, listen and feel if there are any
signs of breathing.
If not, deliver 2 breaths as directed.
Indiana Association FCRV DASAT 2011
This is the most important part of CPR.
Even if you do not feel comfortable or are unable
to do the breathing, at least do this:
PUSH FAST AND PUSH HARD
Aim for 100 beats/minute
(Time yourself to the BeeGees’ song
“Staying Alive”)
Indiana Association FCRV DASAT 2011
30:2
Thirty pushes to 2 breaths
(Or 100 beats/minute if doing
hands-only CPR))
RECOGNIZING SERIOUS CONDITIONS
AND PROVIDING EARLY TREATMENT
MAY HELP
PREVENT THE NEED FOR CPR
Indiana Association FCRV DASAT 2011
Recognize the problem before the heart stops.
 sweating
 difficulty breathing
 chest pain
 nausea
If you believe someone is having a heart attack,
call 911 immediately.
 sit him or her down
 reduce the anxiety level by reassurance
Indiana Association FCRV DASAT 2011
◦ healthy diet
◦ regular exercise
◦ managing stress
◦ controlling diabetes
◦ controlling high blood pressure
◦ stop smoking
Indiana Association FCRV DASAT 2011
Numbness: usually on one side of body/face
 Slurred speech
 Weakness
 Paralysis on one side of the body
 Blurred vision or sudden loss of vision
 Drooping arm or leg
 Drooped face or dribbling mouth
 Unsteadiness
 Confusion speaking or understanding speech
ANY OR ALL OF THESE SIGNS MIGHT BE PRESENT
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Indiana Association FCRV DASAT 2011
If you suspect a stroke: ask the person to
“Show me your teeth.”
With a stroke there may be a crooked smile.
“Close your eyes.
Hold both arms out in front of you.”
With a stroke, one arm may sag.
“Repeat after me: ‘Don’t cry over spilled milk’.”
With a stroke, the speech may be garbled.
Indiana Association FCRV DASAT 2011
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The most common is when a clot blocks an
artery that carries blood to the brain.
Cerebral Thrombosis or Cerebral Embolism.
Treatment to dissolve or remove the clot
may prevent long term damage
If done early enough.
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The second most common stroke is a Bleed.
This is when a Blood Vessel breaks in the
brain.
Hemorrhagic Stroke.
Immediate surgery to stop the bleeding
May be life saving.
Indiana Association FCRV DASAT 2011
TIME IS OF THE ESSENCE
◦ Data shows that definitive treatment begun within
three hours of the onset of symptoms greatly
improves the outlook for victims of a stroke.
◦ Get any person having symptoms to an emergency
room IMMEDIATELY, and let the receptionist know
that a stroke is suspected.
Indiana Association FCRV DASAT 2011
The circulatory system
fails to deliver enough oxygen
to the body tissues.
Indiana Association FCRV DASAT 2011
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restlessness
shivering
rapid breathing and pulse rate
sweating
nausea and/or vomiting
headache
Tiredness
Victim may become unresponsive
and lose consciousness.
Indiana Association FCRV DASAT 2011
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HYPOVOLEMIC (blood loss, dehydration)
CARDIOGENIC (heart not pumping well)
DISTRIBUTIVE (blood not going where needed)
◦ SEPTIC (infection)
◦ ANAPHYLAXIS (allergy)
◦ NEUROGENIC (trauma to spinal cord)
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OBSTRUCTIVE (something blocks the blood
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Heart causes (blood or infection in sac around heart)
Tension pneumothorax (collapsed lung)
Pulmonary embolism (blood clot blocks flow in lung)
Aortic stenosis (blockage of blood flow in aorta)
Indiana Association FCRV DASAT 2011
SHOCK
what to do
WHATEVER THE CAUSE
Elevate the legs higher than the waist.
Call 911
Look for things you can change:
If not breathing or heart not beating, provide CPR.
If bleeding, put pressure on the wound.
If chilling, provide blankets
If overheated, apply ice compresses to groin and armpits
Indiana Association FCRV DASAT 2011
IN CASE OF EMERGENCY
YOU
May be the only person
between survival and death of another person.
To provide the best chance of survival
REMAIN CALM
Panic breeds panic and nothing more
DO SOMETHING
Anything is better than nothing.
Indiana Association FCRV DASAT 2011
IN CASE OF EMERGENCY
The best action
is
PRO-ACTION
Take CPR training
To be as prepared as possible
Indiana Association FCRV DASAT 2011
The End
Or, maybe,
Just the beginning!
Indiana Association FCRV DASAT 2011