SENIOR DESIGN PROJECT- 2
MARINE SHIP “OIL TANKER”
MECHATRONICS SPECIALIZATION
FINAL EXTERNAL PRESENTATION
PREPARED BY:1)
SAUD AHMED NIZAMI
(4558)
2)
SAQIB MIRZA
(4408)
3)
ARSALAN ALI
(4539)
4)
SAJID MAJEED
(4556)
I
N
T
R
O
D
U
C
T
I
O
N
INTRODUCTION:
 The Marine Ship ‘Tanker’ is a ship in which oil, chemicals
or any liquid forms are loaded to export or import.
 In Oil Tanker (Ship) there are some hatches to load oil,
petrol or other liquid fluids.
 Cargos are loaded with the ballast pumping process in order
to stable the Ship.
 The project will be used for the trading and Merchant
Navy’s purpose.
 The driving system of an Oil Tanker (Ship) will be control
through XBEE module.
PROBLEM DISCUSSION:
P
R
O
B
L
E
M
 The main problem in launching an Oil Tanker (Ship) is competing in a huge
market of ship builders and Ship manufacturing companies .
D
I
S
C
U
S
S
I
O
N
 Nowadays, the ballast water tanks is measured by the tube scale and then
mariner manually control the ballast pumping process according to the
measurement of ballast water.
o
But China our friendly country may help us to launch Pakistani Oil
Tanker for economical rates to Middle East and SAARC countries.

To launch this project is to have a research study and material hunting.
o
To eliminate manual control of Ballast Pumping process, we made it
autonomous. While loading an Oil Tank the ballast pumping process will be
done automatically on the same time.
 Another problem is manual control of driving section through wheel. So, in
order to eliminate the manual control of driving…..
o
We have controlled the driving section through XBEE transceiver.
 As a Mechatronics Engineer this project is a little bit expensive to represent but
teamwork sharing the loads in order to successful completion of Ship.
A
I
M
AIM:
To design and development of Marine Ship ‘Oil Tanker’.
&
O
B
J
E
C
T
I
V
E
OBJECTIVE:
 To design and develop structure of Marine Ship ‘Oil Tanker’.
 To control the Ballast Pumping Process.
 To control the directions of Ship through XBEE Module.
F
U
N
C
T
I
O
N
A
L
I
T
Y
FUNCTIONALITY:
 LOADING OIL HATCHES: While loading and
unloading an Oil Hatches, ballast pumping process done
in order to keep stable an Oil Tanker (Ship).
 Initially all the Ballast Tanks are filled with water. Then
the oil will be charge on one port, and on the same time
the ballast water will be discharge from the respective
port to maintain the stability of Ship.

DRIVING SECTION: Then Oil Tanker move
towards the desired position where to export and import
cargo through XBEE Transciever.
F
U
N
C
T
I
O
N
A
L
I
T
Y
 UNLOADING OIL TANKS: After reaching at desire
position, Oil is ready to unload. At unloading part
initially all the oil tanks are filled with oil. Then the oil
will be unload on one port, and on the same time the
ballast water will be load on the respective port in order
to ship keeps stable.
B
A
L
L
A
S
T
P
U
M
P
I
N
G
S
C
E
N
A
R
I
O
BALLAST PUMPING PROCESS
SCENARIO:
GENERAL BLOCK DIAGRAM:
B
L
O
C
K
D
I
A
G
R
A
M
S
U
B
B
L
O
C
K
D
I
A
G
R
A
M
SUB-BLOCK DIAGRAM:
BALLAST PUMPING:
(INPUT)
SENSOR
Level is
the input
of
controller
(PROCESS)
CONTROLLER 1
Compare the
level with
predefined
level and then
start the
pumping
machine and
solenoid valve.
(OUTPUT)
PUMPING MACHINE
& SOLENOID VALVE
Pump the
water
from the
ballast
tanks
S
U
B
B
L
O
C
K
D
I
A
G
R
A
M
OIL TANKS:
(INPUT)
(PROCESS)
(OUUTPUT)
CONTROLLER 1
SWITCHES
Give input
to the
controller
for
unloading
the oil
Controller
takes the
input from
Switch and
gives the
output to the
pumping
machine
PUMPING MACHINE
Pump the
oil from the
Oil tank
DRIVING PART:
S
U
B
B
L
O
C
K
D
I
A
G
R
A
M
XBEE TRANSMITTER:
(PROCESS)
(INPUT)
SWITCHES
Give input
to the
controller
for
Propeller
and
Rudder
CONTROLLER 2
Controller
takes the
input from
Switches and
gives the
output to the
XBEE
Transmitter.
(OUTPUT)
XBEE
TRANSMITTER
Transmit
the signal
to the XBEE
Receiver.
S
U
B
B
L
O
C
K
D
I
A
G
R
A
M
XBEE RECEIVER:
(PROCESS)
(INPUT)
XBEE
RECEIVER
Receives
the signal
from XBEE
Tx and
gives
input to
the
controller.
CONTROLLER 2
Controller
takes the
input from
XBEE
Receiver and
gives the
output to the
DC Motor &
Servo Motor.
(OUTPUT)
PROPELLER &
RUDDER
Activate
Rudder and
Propeller
a\c to the
input.
S
C
H
E
M
A
T
I
C
XBEE RECEIVER(DRIVING PART):
S
C
H
E
M
A
T
I
C
BALLAST PUMPING PART:
ALGORITHM:Valve ‘WUv’ is for unloading & ‘WLv’ is for Water loading Valve, ‘OUPm’ is
for Oil unloading pumping machine. ‘WUPm’ is for Water unloading pumping machine,
‘WLPm’ is for Water loading pumping machine & ‘OUPm’ is for Oil.
System initialized.
Pumping machine ‘WLPm’ and ‘WLv2’ activated.
Charge ballast water tank #2.
‘WLv1’& ‘WLv2’ valve activated.
Charge ballast water tank #1 & 3 simultaneously.
Load oil hatch #1 manually.
Float Sensor Potentiometer resistance varies as oil level changes.
Ballast Tank Valve ‘WUv1’ and ‘WUPm’ activated.
Discharge ballast tank #1 simultaneously.
Then oil hatch # 2 & 3 will be load as well.
Oil loading and Ballast Pumping process completed.
DC motor and servo motor initialization.
Control the Propeller and Rudder through XBEE transciever.
Ship moves towards desire location.
Unload Oil hatch #1 through switch.
Pumping Machine ‘OUPm’ activated.
Pumping machine ‘WLPm’ & valve ‘WLv1’ activated.
Charge ballast tank #1 simultaneously.
Oil hatch #2 & 3 will be unload as well.
Finish.
SIMULATION:XBEE TRANSMITTER & RECIEVER:
BALLAST PUMPING PART:-
ANIMATION:
TEST RESULT:
SHIP STRUCTURE
VOLUME & BUOYANCY FORCE
CALCULATION:
 General Formula of Buoyancy Force
 FB = (V) x (v) x (SPH2O)
 v = (based on volume) of the object will be
submerged in the water.
 v = 70% submerged in WATER

SPH2O = Specific gravity of water
 SPH2O = 64 pounds per cubic foot
 Ship’s Volume = V = L x B x H
 Length = 5.5 ft
 Breadth = 2.0 ft
 Height = 2.5 ft
o V = 5.5 * 2.5 * 2 = 27.5 cubic feet
 FB = 27.5 * 0.70 * 64 = 1232 pounds
VOLTAGE LEVEL TESTING
(BALAST PUMPING PART)
1.VOLTAGE Vs Quantity of Oil (Table):
Table 2.21-1
VOLTAGE READING (in Volts)
QUANTITY OF OIL(in liter)
0
0
0.2
0
0.4
0.5
0.6
1.1
0.8
1.6
1.VOLTAGE Vs Quantity of Oil (Graph):
Table 2.21-1
Quantity of Oil Testing (Ballast Pumping Part):
2.Time Vs Quantity of Oil (Table):
TIME (in sec)
QUANTITY OF OIL (in liter)
0
0.2505
14
0.1875
25
0.125
35
0.0625
50
0.0225
2.Time Vs Quantity of Oil (Graph):
WATER QUANTITY TESTING:
3.Time Vs Quantity of Water (Table)
TIME
(in sec)
QUANTITY OF WATER
(in liter)
0
0
8
0.25
16
0.5
24
0.75
32
1
40
1.25
48
1.5
3.Time Vs Quantity of Water (Graph):
XBEE Module Range Testing:
DISTANCE IN
METER
DATA STATUS
0.5
DATA
RECEIVED
05
DATA
RECEIVED
12
DATA
RECEIVED
15
DATA
RECEIVED
SAFETY & PRECAUTIONS:

Keep away “Oil Tanker” from the fire.

To avoid fire “Fire Fighting System” should be near to
the Oil Hatches and Engine Room.

To avoid from unbalancing of Ship, do not load Oil
Hatches when the Ballast Tanks are empty.

Oil Hatches should be safe from any electrical shock.

Do not load Oil Hatches in adverse and rainy condition.

Do not drive the Ship while loading and unloading
CONCLUSION:
 We started off the project with aim to design a Marine Ship ‘Oil Tanker’
but with the time and experience it was learnt that this was not at all an
easy job, especially the structure of oil tanker and also to make it stable in
water. But at last we completed our structure by the help from our
teachers, our advisor and ours fellow relatives.
After the completion of first aim we started our work on electronics to
make the driving section of ship wireless through XBEE Transceiver.
Then we started work on the Ballast Pumping Process to make it
autonomous.
By the bless of Allah we successfully achieved our all aim and objectives.
This project has been a successful as far as learning and practical
implementation is concerned.