®
18-3/4” 15,000 psi
Conventional Ram
Blowout Preventer
Blowout Preventer (BOP)
The equipment (or valve) installed at the
wellhead to contain wellbore pressure either in
the annular space between the casing and the
tubulars or in an open hole during drilling,
completion, testing,or workover operations.
Ram Blowout Preventer
A valve that uses metal blocks with integral
elastomer seals to seal off pressure on a
wellbore with or without tubulars in the bore.
2
18-3/4 - 15,000 Ram BOP
 Field replaceable seal seat for long service life and easy field repair
 Multiple position locking (MPL) automatically locks rams in a seal-off
position
 BOP can be equipped
with blind shear,
variable, pipe or casing
rams for ultimate well
control flexibility
 Cylinder liners field
replaceable
 Hinged bonnets for ease of
ram access
 Fluid hinges removable for rapid
simple seal replacement
 One piece piston rod for strength and durability
3
18-3/4 15,000 Ram BOP
 Bonnet bolts sized and arranged for reliable bonnet
seal operation and proper bonnet stress distribution
 Side outlets
 Available
pressure
energized bonnet
seal conversion
 Stainless steel lined
ring grooves for
corrosion resistance
 Piston seals pressure energized
lip seal for reliable seal operation
4
Operation
Hydraulic Circuit
 Application of hydraulic pressure to the operating cylinders
pushes the pistons inward or outward to close or open the
rams
 The multiple position lock is an automatic
lock, locking the rams in place after they
are closed hydraulically
 Operating chambers are rated
for 3000 psi continuous
operation and have been
tested to 4500 psi
 Hydraulic closing pressures
from 100 psi to 300 psi indicate satisfactory operation
5
Operation
Hydraulic Circuit (continued)
 Hydraulic pressure applied to
closing port initiates fluid flow
in drilled passages in the BOP
body
 Fluid flows from the body
through the fluid hinge to the
bonnet hinge
 Fluid then flows from the
bonnet hinge through a drilled
passage in the bonnet and
exits between the cylinder and
cylinder liner
6
Operation
Hydraulic Circuit (continued)
 Fluid then acts on the backside of the rams closing them
 Fluid from the opening sides is pushed
out the porting in the bonnet
 Fluid flows through a drilled
passage in bonnet and into
the bonnet hinge
 Fluid then passes through
the seal sub in the fluid
hinge, through the drilled passage in the preventer body
and out through the opening chamber port
7
Multiple Position Lock (MPL)
 Opening and closing controlled by
uni-directional clutch mechanism,
lock (overhauling) nut and
lock (overhauling) screw
 The clutch mechanism
maintains nut and ram in
locked position
 The clutch is disengaged
by hydraulic pressure
to open the ram
8
Multiple Position Lock (MPL)
(continued)
How the MPL Works
 Tail rod contains two types of threads

One end - standard LH Acme thread

Other end - fast lead 6-path helical thread
 Mating nut fitted to the tail rod
 Nut contained by two thrust bearings
permitting rotation but preventing linear travel
 Linear motion of the tail rod during closing
or opening causes nut to rotate
 Fast lead, 6-path helical thread rotates the
nut three turns per foot of travel
9
Multiple Position Lock (MPL)
(continued)
How the MPL Works

Rear clutch plate and front clutch

Contact of rear clutch plate to front clutch plate
maintained by spring force

Rotation in the opening direction prevented by
interlocking teeth

Sloped angle of teeth permits rotation in closing direction

Hydraulic opening pressure acts on the cylinder
liner to release locking mechanism

Cylinder liner moves back against transfer ring

Transfer ring bears on the rear clutch plate
disengaging it from the front clutch plate

Opening pressure on the piston moves the ram
to the open position as the lock nut and front clutch plate rotate freely
10
Multiple Position Lock (MPL)
(continued)
How the MPL Works

The front clutch plate is bolted to the lock
(overhauling) nut.

Four rectangular keys in the rear clutch plate
engage slots in the retainer plate

Allows linear motion and prevents rotational motion
of the rear clutch plate

Springs are captured between rear clutch plate and retainer plate

Opening forces on the piston rod held in check by the
lock nut

Opening force creates torque in the lock nut

Torque is transmitted through the engaged teeth of
front and rear clutch plates

The rear clutch plate is keyed to the retainer plate

The retainer plate is pinned to the cylinder head thus preventing rotation and locking the
assembly
11
Multiple Position Lock (MPL)
(continued)
How the MPL Works
 Application of hydraulic
opening pressure permits
rams to open
 Hydraulic pressure acting on
the cylinder liner moves it back
to disengage the clutch
 Continued application of
opening pressure maintains
the clutch unlocked and opens
the rams
12
Multiple Position Lock (MPL)
(continued)
How the MPL Works
 Provision for testing MPL
 Two lockout devices
 Prevent cylinder liner from disengaging clutch
 Opening pressure simulates opening forces applied to the ram
 Visual indication of position of lockouts provided
13
Engineering Data
14
Engineering Data (continued)
15
Engineering Data (continued)
+ Using Hydril BOP Thread Lubricant
* using light machine oil
16
Engineering Data (continued)
18-3/4 - 15,000 Hydril Clamp
Pressure-Tension-Bending Capability
 Hydril clamp designed in accordance with procedures described in
“Summary of Design Equations for Clamp Type Connectors” (1978 Rev.)
17
Engineering Data (continued)
18-3/4 - 15,000 PSI API Flange
Pressure-Tension-Bending
 API flange capability calculated by a modified formula given in
Appendix H of API Spec. for Wellhead Equipment 6A, Mar. 1983.
18
Packers and Seals
Fixed Bore Pipe Rams
 Separate front packer and top seal
 Top seal feedable rubber energized during
final seal off portion of the ram stroke
 Front packer has large volume of feedable rubber
bonded to heavy anti-extrusion plates for
repeated closures and pressure cycles
 Hy-temp front packers and top seals available
 Hy-temp seals require the ram block be modified
for their use
 Hy-temp front packers are secured to the ram
block by bolts
19
Packers & Seals (continued)
Ram Change Procedures
1. Open (retract) the rams by applying opening pressure
2. Disengage all bonnet bolts
3. Manually swing both bonnets open and clear of BOP stack. Application of closing
pressure to force open bonnet will damage piston rod
(If the blowout preventer is not flanged to a wellhead or test stump, unbolt and open only
one bonnet at a time to prevent blowout preventer from tipping over.)
4. Extend the rams by applying closing pressure
5. Remove the ram assembly by attaching an eyebolt in the hole provided and lift straight up
6. Replace with new rams and remove lifting eye
7. Retract ram back into bonnet compartment by applying opening pressure
8. Inspect bonnet seal and seal area, lube with a light weight oil
9. Clean and lubricate bonnet bolts with Hydril BOP thread lubricant
10. Manually swing bonnets closed and insert bolts
11. Hand tighten bolts starting with number one bolt, snugging bonnet to body. Then torque
all bolts to 8500 ft-lbs*.Torque bolts beginning with the middle bolt on the off-hinge side,
then the middle bolt on the hinge side. All other bolts may be torqued in any sequence.
* Other lubricants require different torque values.
20
Packers & Seals (continued)
Fixed Bore Pipe Rams
Front Packer & Top Seal Change-out
Standard Front Packers & Top Seals
1. Insert screwdriver between upper seal and front
packer and pry up to remove upper seal from
its groove
2. Insert two screwdrivers, one on either side of the
front packer and work the packer out
Hy-Temp Front Packers and Top Seal
1. Remove top seal by inserting screw drive between
upper seal and front packer
2. Remove two cotter pins from back of ram
3. Remove screws from packer
4. Remove packer
21
Packers & Seals (continued)
Fixed Bore Pipe Rams
Front Packer & Top Seal Change-out
(continued)
Regular Packers & Top Seal
1. Insert packer into ram until seated
2. Fit top seal in groove pins down
Hy-Temp Packers & Top Seal
1. Insert packer into ram until seated
2. Bolt packer in with two bolts
3. Insert cotter pins
4. Fit top seal in its groove
22
Packers & Seals (continued)
Shear Rams
 Designed to shear drill pipe and seal off the wellbore
 May be used as blind rams
to seal off the open hole
 Shear blade design minimizes
required shearing load
 Dual V arrangement
concentrates deforming
forces so drill pipe is crimped
on the shearing plane
 Sharp rake angles impose
additional tensile load to aid in pipe separation
 After shearing lateral T-seal seals on the horizontal sealing
surface of the lower blade carrier
23
Packers & Seals (continued)
Shear Ram Assembly
Lower Blade Shear Ram
1. Remove lower blade top seal
2. Remove the two lower blade cap screws and the lower blade
3. Remove the two anti-extrusion blocks
Upper Blade Shear Ram
1. Remove the two alignment pin set
screws
2. Remove the two alignment pins
with a common screw driver
3. Remove the three upper blade set
screws from the top of the block
4. Remove the four upper blade cap
screws retaining the upper blade
5. Remove the upper blade
6. Remove the lateral T-Seal
7. Remove the upper blade top seal
8. Inspect all parts for wear and replace as required
24
Packers & Seals (continued)
Shear Ram Assembly
Lower Blade Shear Ram
1. Prior to assembly, visually inspect all parts, apply a coating of non-petroleum based oil such as
castor oil to all seals and seal grooves, and lubricate all threads with Hydril thread lubricant
2. Install the lower blade on the ram block with the lower
blade cap screws
3. Install the two anti-extrusion blocks into the grooves
of the ram block
4. Install the lower blade top seal in the upper seal
groove of the ram block
Upper Blade Shear Ram
1. Prior to assembly, visually inspect all parts, apply a
coating of non-petroleum based oil such as castor
oil to all seals and seal grooves, and lubricate all
threads with Hydril thread lubricant
2. Install the upper blade top seal into the upper seal
groove of the ram block
3. Install the lateral T-seal. Insure that the lower T-section
of the seal is properly fitted within its groove
4. Install the upper blade with the four upper blade cap
screws hand tight. Insure that the lateral T-seal is
properly fitted between the upper blade and the ram block. Torque the cap screws.
5. Install the three upper blade set screws into the top of the ram block. Torque the set screws
6. Install the two alignment pins and hand tighten snug with a common screw driver
7. Install the two alignment pin set screws and tighten snug
25
Packers & Seals (continued)
Hydril Variable Rams (HVR)
 Designed to seal on a range of pipe
diameters
3-1/2” - 5-1/2”- 3116833
4-1/2” - 7” 3118844
 Interlocking I-beam inserts molded into
the rubber
 They confine the rubber within the packer
and against the pipe to prevent
extrusion of the sealing element
 Top seal has large volume of feedable
rubber for long and dependable service life
 Interchangeable with fixed rams or casing rams
26
Packers & Seals (continued)
Hydril Variable Ram
Disassembly
1. Remove top seal
2. Remove two cotter pins
3. Remove two bolts
4. Remove front packer
Assembly
1. Insert front packer
2. Screw in bolts
3. Insert cotter pins
4. Insert top seal
27
Packers & Seals (continued)
Replaceable Upper Seal Seat
Replaceable Metal Seat
 Provides seal surface
for the ram top seal
 Lock ring energized by
16 specially coated
socket head set screws
to retain the seat
 Contains one seal and backup ring
28
Packers & Seals (continued)
Bonnet Seals
 Bonnet hinge seal
 Bonnet seal
May be converted to
low-torque bonnet
seal configuration
 Piston rod mud seal
 Bonnet to piston
rod seal
29
Packers & Seals (continued)
Cylinder Seals
 Cylinder liner to bonnet seal - O-ring
 Cylinder head seal
 Cylinder to bonnet seal O-ring
 Cylinder head dirt seal
 Piston seal - 3-piece bi-directional seal
 Lockout stem seal
30
Packers & Seals (continued)
Hinge Pin Seals
 Hinge pin seal O-ring
 Hinge pin thread
seal - O-ring
 Hinge pin
bearing seal O-ring
31
Packers & Seals (continued)
Fluid Hinge Seals
 Fluid hinge to bonnet
hinge seals O-ring
 Fluid hinge to
body seals
O-rings
 Sub to bonnet hinge
seals O-rings
 Sub to energizer
seals O-rings
 Energizer to fluid
hinge seals O-rings with
backup rings
32
Maintenance




Visually inspect the body and ring grooves
Check all bolting
Check ring gaskets
Visually inspect
 Bonnet seal areas
 Bonnet seal grooves
 Ram bores
 Seal seats
 Piston rods
 Visually inspect
 Ram blocks
 Front packers
 Top seals
 Bonnet seals
33
Maintenance (continued)
 Once a year inspect
 MPL bearings
 BOP seal seat to
rails (ram cavity floor)
 Minimum ram height
 Maximum ram
compartment height
34
Testing








Hydraulically test with clear water
Inspect all hydraulic connections
Set appropriate size test tool in test stump
Close pipe rams on appropriate size pipe. Check for
hydraulic leaks
Increase wellbore pressure
to test pressure required
 Low pressure
 High pressure
Check for leaks
Continue test until rams are tested
Unless you intend to ruin your test
mandrel, DO NOT test shear rams
with pipe in the hole
35
Testing (continued)

Lockout devices are manually operated and require either a 3/8” square drive or a
5/16” 12-point socket wrench

Close rams, visually check for leaks and reduce closing pressure to 100 psi

Check freedom of movement of lockout devices by alternately turning them
clockwise then counter-clockwise about seven turns

Engage lockout devices. Rotate stem seven turns clockwise until snug

Bleed closing pressure to 0 psi

Apply opening pressure to 1500 psi in 500 psi increments, hold for three minutes.
Check for leaks Visually observe rams for movement.
36
Testing (continued)
MPL Lockout Test
 Reduce opening pressure to 0 psi
 Apply 100 psi closing pressure
 Disengage lockout devices by rotating stems counter
clockwise about seven turns until snug
 Gradually increase opening pressure from 0 until rams open
37
Disassembly
MPL Cylinder Disassembly
 Standard mechanics tools
required
 Remove rams
 Close bonnets and snug
up to the two center bolts
 Apply opening pressure
 Install 1” lifting eye in
cylinder head (154) and
support with a hoist
 Remove ten cylinder
head cap screws (156)
and remove cylinder head
 The cylinder head seal (155), dirt seal (152), and rear lock nut bearing
are now accessible
38
Disassembly (continued)
MPL Cylinder Disassembly (continued)
 Remove lock nut clutch
assembly by rotating the
locating pin (158)
counterclockwise.
Identify it with its
respective lock
screw (144)
 Place clutch assembly
on a work bench
 Remove eight screws
(147) holding the front
clutch plate (146) to lock nut (143). As the screws are removed, the
rear clutch plate (148) will be pushed toward the front clutch plate
(146) by the springs (150).
39
Disassembly (continued)
MPL Cylinder Disassembly (continued)
 Remove the front
clutch plate (146), the
rear clutch plate (148),
its keys (151) and key
keeper (167) from lock
nut (143)
 Remove the retainer
plate (145) from the
lock nut (143)
 The front lock nut
bearing (149) may be
removed from the
lock nut
40
Disassembly (continued)
MPL Cylinder Disassembly (continued)
 Support the cylinder (137) using a choker sling between the flange and the
MPL lockout devices. Remove the twelve cylinder nuts (142) and slide the
cylinder back over the piston and cylinder liner
 The cylinder seal (133) and
backup ring (166) are now exposed
 The transfer ring (164) should
be removed from inside the cylinder
 Remove both lockout glands
(160) from the cylinder by
rotating counterclockwise
 Separate the lockout segments
(161) from the lockout stems (159)
by rotating the stems clockwise
(left handed threads) with the MPL
lockout wrench (3/8” square drive)
 The lockout stem seals (162) and backup rings (163) are now exposed
41
Disassembly (continued)
Fluid Hinge Disassembly




The fluid hinge and bonnet hinges
contain all of the seals concerned
with the transfer of hydraulic fluid
from the body to the bonnet and
the bonnet to the body
25
10
12
28
Reduce all operating pressures
to zero
31
30
Remove the two hex head cap
screws (36) by counterclockwise
rotation
Slip the fluid hinge (24) assembly
from between the bonnet hinges.
As the fluid hinge assembly
comes away from the body watch
for the two fluid hinge to body
O-rings (35)to prevent
losing them
29
40
11
39
35
36
24
22
32
37
38
21
27
23

The seal sub assemblies contained in the fluid hinge are spring loaded.

Separate the seal sub (25) and seal sub energizer (27) by pulling them apart
42
Disassembly (continued)
Bonnet Removal



Insert two eyebolts in the top
two holes of the bonnet
NOTE: These holes are for
lifting the bonnet assembly
only and not the entire BOP.
Attach a chain sling to
support the bonnet weight,
disengage all bonnet bolts,
and remove the two hinge
pins (61) by rotating from
the load hinges. The hinge
pin thread and bearing
seals (62 and 63) are now
exposed.
52
54
57
58 59
55
56
53
75
60
141
74
63
62
61
Remove the four bonnet hinge cap screws (73) from each bonnet hinge. Slide the bonnet
out off the location pins (75). The bonnet hinge O-ring (74) is now exposed.
43
Disassembly (continued)
25
10
Bonnet Disassembly
12
29
28


The load hinge thrust (38) and
radial (37) bearings are removed by
unscrewing the four load hinge
cap screws.
The hydraulic connections (10) are
removed by unscrewing the four
cap screws (12). The hydraulic
connection O-ring is now exposed.
31
30
40
11
39
35
36
24
22
32
37
38
21
27
23
44
Disassembly (continued)
Upper Seal Seat Removal

Open both bonnets

Remove sixteen socket head set screws
(5/16” hex key)

Seat should be free to be lowered from
its pocket

Caution! Have the seat blocked from below
to prevent injury should the seat drop
45
Assembly (continued)
Load Hinge Installation


25
The upper load hinge (21) is installed
with the hinge pin bearing seat up.
It is fitted over the two locating
pins (22) pressed in the body.
10
12
28
The lower load hinge (2) is installed
over two locater pins (22) with the
hinge pin bearing seat down.
31
30
40
11


Install the four load hinge cap
screws (23) on each hinge and
tighten by clockwise rotation
Install the hinge pin thrust
bearing (38)
39
35
36
24
22
32
37
38
21

29
27
23
Install the hinge pin radial
bearing (37)
46
Assembly (continued)
Upper Seal Seat Installation

Fit the lower seat to body O-ring (6) and
backup ring (7) to the seal seat (4)

Fit the lock ring (5) over the barrel of the seal
seat (4) and seat it in its groove

Screw in sixteen set screws (9) until they just
touch the lock ring (5)

Fit the seat into the body, blocking it up in
place

Lock Ring 5
6
7
9
Seal Seat 4
Engage the sixteen set screws (9) starting
with one adjacent to the split in the lock (5),
then work around the seat (4) expanding
the lock ring into its groove in the body
47
Assembly (continued)
 Check machine finishes on bonnet (52) and bonnet hinge (71) or 72)
for smooth surfaces
 Install O-ring (74) to finish machine side of bonnet hinge (71 or 72)
(Lubricate O-ring)
 Attach bonnet hinge (71 or 72) to end of bonnet (52) with four bonnet
hinge cap screws (73)
52
74
73
71
72
48
Assembly (continued)
Bonnet Assembly Installation

Install two lift eyes in bonnet

Install lift sling

Install bonnet onto BOP aligning the
bonnet hinge with the load hinges

Install the upper and lower hinge pins

Position the bonnet vertically by hinge
pin adjustment

Raise by loosening the lower hinge pin
and tightening the upper hinge pin

Lower by loosening the upper hinge pin
and tightening the lower hinge pin

Over-tightening may bind thrust washers

Bonnet position is correct when the guide pin on the bonnet enters the hole in the body
smoothly

Install bonnet bolts and seals
49
Assembly (continued)
Fluid Hinge Installation
 Insert the seal sub into the
sub-energizer
 Insert springs into fluid hinge
 Insert Seal sub/subenergizers
into fluid hinge
 Install fluid hinge to body
O-rings
 Fit fluid hinge between bonnet
hinges
 Fit washers over hex head cap screws and insert cap screws
into fluid hinge
 Torque cap screws to 250 ft-lbs
50
Assembly (continued)
MPL Cylinder Assembly
 Inspect all machine surfaces
to ensure all parts are clean
and free from burrs
 Install the piston seal (136)
and piston wear rings (165)
on the piston (135) as shown.
The piston seal is composed
of three separate parts. They
may be immersed in hot
water to increase their
flexibility. The wear rings are
split for ease of assembly
and should be installed after
the piston seal is in place.
Piston Seal 136
Piston Wear Ring
Piston 135
Piston Wear Ring
165
51
Assembly (continued)
MPL Cylinder Assembly (continued)
 Place cylinder liner O-ring
(140) and two backup rings
(153) on the cylinder liner (139)
 Install cylinder liner (139) over
piston (135) with the piston
standing vertically on the
T-slot end. Slide the cylinder
liner partway onto the piston
such that the piston is
approximately 3” from the
rear end of the cylinder liner.
 Install piston and cylinder liner assembly into bonnet
52
Assembly (continued)
 Install O-rings (162) and back-up rings (163) on lockout stems (159)
 Install lockout segments (161), stems (159) and gland nuts (160) into cylinder
(137). Retract segments fully by turning lockout stems approximately 7 turns
counter-clockwise
 Place cylinder to bonnet O-ring (138) and backup ring (166) on cylinder
 Install cylinder into recess of bonnet. Install nuts (142) and torque to
specification 1280 ft-lbs
53
Assembly (continued)
MPL Assembly (continued)

Place the rear clutch plate (148) on a piece of cardboard or wood on a smooth table,
clutch teeth down.

Slip the key retainer (167) through the hole in each of the four clutch keys (151)

Gently expand the key retainer and
slip over the rear clutch plate
outside diameter. Position each
key in its recess on the clutch plate
and allow the key retainer to contract
into its groove on the outside
diameter of the rear clutch plate

Insert the clutch springs (150) in
the rear clutch plate

Position the retainer plate (145),
locating pin (158) upward, over the
clutch plate/springs/clutch keys/key retainer sub-assembly. Lower the retainer plate onto
the sub-assembly insuring that each of the clutch keys engage their respective slots in
the retainer plate

Place the lock nut (143), large outside diameter end down, on a piece of card board or
wood on a smooth table
54
Assembly (continued)
MPL Assembly (continued)

Place one lock nut bearing (149) on the lock nut

Hold together the retainer plate, and rear clutch plate sub-assembly and turn them over
as a unit such that the rear clutch plate’s teeth face upward. Slide this assembly onto
the lock nut and bearing. Position
the assembly such that the locating
pin on the retainer plate is over the
edge of the table. This will allow
the retainer plate to rest squarely
on the lock nut bearing.

Place the front clutch plate (146),
teeth downward, on the lock nut
assembly

Thread two of the cap screws (147),
180° apart, through the front clutch
plate and into the lock nut

Alternate turning the two cap screws
until the front clutch plate is snug against the lock nut.

Install the remaining cap screws (147) and tighten to full torque value. The assembly will
have to be held with a strap wrench to do this.
55
Assembly (continued)
MPL Assembly (continued)

Install lock nut/clutch assembly onto lock screw
such that timing marks match. Timing mark is
indicated by a “T” stamped on the end of the lock
screw and on the end of the lock nut

Rotate the lock nut/clutch assembly clockwise until it
shoulders in the cylinder. Mark the top (12 o-clock
position). Rotate the lock nut/clutch assembly
counterclockwise until it is located on the end of the
lock screw. Disengage the clutch mechanism by
depressing the rear clutch plate with two “C” clamps
placed at points shown by the arrows. Align the
marks on the lock nut and the locating pin on
the retainer plate by rotating the retainer plate/rear
clutch plate sub-assembly. Release the “C” clamps
and rotate the lock nut/clutch assembly clockwise
until it shoulders in the cylinder. The locating pin
hole in cylinder head will now align with the locating
pin in the retainer plate
56
Assembly (continued)
 Place the cylinder head O-ring (155) and the dirt seal (152) on the
cylinder head (154)
 Install rear lock nut bearing (149) into the cylinder head
 Install cylinder head. Install cylinder head cap screws (156) and
torque to specifications
 Apply closing hydraulic pressure to extend piston rods
57
Assembly (continued)

Extend the rams by applying closing
pressure
 Remove the ram assembly by attaching an
eyebolt in the hole provided and lift straight
up
 Replace with new rams and remove lifting
eye
 Retract ram back in to bonnet compartment
by applying opening pressure
 Inspect bonnet seal and seal area, lube with
a light weight oil
 Clean and lubricate bonnet bolts with Hydril
BOP thread lubricant
 Manually swing bonnets closed and insert
bolts
 Hand tighten bolts starting with number one
bolt, snugging bonnet to body. Then torque
all bolts to 8500 ft-lbs.* Bolts denoted “N”
may be torqued in any sequence
*Other lubricants require different torque values
58
Parts
59