Developing Effective Leadership
Skills
An Exploration through Quotations
James R. Donnelly, QEP
Fellow A&WMA
A&WMA Golden West Section- Chair
Topics to Consider
• What is Leadership?
• How does it differ from Management?
• What makes for good Leaders?
• What are keys to inspiring others to
achieve more than they ever dreamed
possible?
• Effective Leadership Tips
What Is Leadership?
What are your thoughts?
How do YOU define Leadership?
Who are some great leaders and why?
What Is Leadership?
Leadership is one of the most
observed and least understood
phenomena.
James MacGregor Burns
In Sanskrit literature 10 types of
leaders are identified.
What Is Leadership?
If the blind lead the blind, both
shall fall in the ditch.
Jesus Christ
Lead, follow or get out of the
way.
Unknown
What Is Leadership?
“The art of Imposing one’s will
upon others in such a manner
as to command their obedience,
their confidence, their respect
and their loyal cooperation.”
U. S. Military Academy, 1925
What Is Leadership?
“Many people tell me Leadership
is just “Common Sense.”
So, What is “common Sense?’
What Is Common Sense?
Common Sense is not a simple
thing. Instead, it is an immense
society of hard-earned practical
ideas- of multitudes of lifelearned rules & exceptions,
dispositions and checks.
Unknown
What is Leadership?
Dictionary Definitions:
to guide by the hand, to conduct to
any place, to conduct as head or
commander, …, to guide, show the
method of… Samuel Johnson’s (1755)
to draw, entice, allure; prevail on,
influence; to pass, spend, that is to
draw out; to exercise
dominion….Webster’s, An American
Dictionary of the English Language (1828)
What Leadership is not!
Control is not leadership;
Management is not leadership;
Leadership is leadership
If you seek to lead, invest at least
50% of your time in leading
yourself—own purpose, ethics,
principles, motivation, conduct.
Invest at least 20% leading those
with authority over you and 15%
leading your peers.“

Dee Hock- Founder and CEO Emeritus, Visa
What is a Leader?
The leader is one who mobilizes
others toward a goal shared by
leaders and followers. ... Leaders,
followers and goals make up the
three equally necessary supports
for leadership.“
Gary Wills, Certain Trumpets: The Call of Leaders
What Is Leadership?
"All Leadership is influence.“
John C. Maxwell, Injoy, Inc
Leadership as an Influence Relation
“Leadership is an influence
relationship between leaders and
followers who intend real
changes that reflect their mutual
purposes”
Joseph C. Rost, Leadership for the 21st Century
Leadership as an Influence Relation
“Leadership is an influence
relationship between leaders and
followers who intend real changes
that reflect their mutual purposes”
Joseph C. Rost, Leadership for the 21st Century
Leadership Theories
• Trait Theory (Great man Theory)
• Behavioral and Style theories
• Situational and Contingency theories
• Functional theory
• Excellence Theory
• Transactional and Transformational
theories
Excellence Theory of Leadership
Leadership produces excellent organizations
because leaders are great executives who have
certain traits (high energy, trustworthiness,
charismatic personality, visionary purpose,
honest communication, obsession with goals)
that help them choose the correct behaviors
(challenge the process, model the way, manage
by walking around, position the organization,
manipulate the culture, encourage the heart,
empower collaborators & stick to the knitting) so
that they might do the right thing in key
situations by facilitating the work group
democratically but forcefully
Transactional vs. Transformational
Leadership
Transactional
Managerial leadership, focuses
on the role of supervision,
organization, and group
performance
Leader promotes compliance of
his followers through both
rewards and punishments.
Leader as “Boss”
Transactional vs. Transformational
Leadership
Transformational
Enhances motivation, morale, and
performance of followers through a
variety of mechanisms.
Connects follower's sense of identity
and self to the project and the
collective identity of the organization
Leader as role model
Four elements of Transformational
Leadership
1. Individualized Consideration
Attends to each follower’s needs
2. Intellectual Stimulation
Challenges Assumptions, takes risk, solicits
follower’s ideas
3. Inspirational motivation
Articulates a vision appealing &inspiring to
followers
4. Idealized Influence
Provides role model of high ethical behavior
Transactional vs. Transformational
Leadership
Transactional
Transformational
Leadership is responsive Leadership is proactive
Works w/in
Organizational Structure
Reward & Punishment by
leader
Motivates by appealing to
self-interest
Management by
Exception
Works to change
organizational culture
Achieve objectives via
higher ideals
Motivate by encouraging
group interests
Individualized
consideration
How does leadership differ from
Management?
“Management is: “Getting things
done through other people.”
American Management Association (1972)
How does leadership differ from
Management?
Management is hierarchical
Management involves power
by position.
Managers administer, leaders
innovate & motivate
How does leadership differ from
Management?
How does leadership differ from
Management?
"People
ask the difference
between a leader and a boss.
The leader leads, and the boss
drives."
— Theodore Roosevelt
How does leadership differ from
Management?
“A leader leads by example
not by Force.”
-Sun Tzu
How does leadership differ from
Management?
"Management is efficiency in
climbing the ladder of success;
leadership determines whether
the ladder is leaning against
the right wall."
— Stephen R. Covey
Why Does Leadership matter?
Leading “volunteers” is difficult,
they have less incentive to stay.
If someone does not like our
vision or our leadership, they
will leave.
What makes for good Leadership?
"You
cannot be a leader, and ask
other people to follow you, unless
you know how to follow, too."
—Sam Rayburn
"Look over your shoulder now and
then to be sure someone's
following you."
— Henry Gilme
What makes for good Leadership?
“A leader leads by example,
whether he intends to or not.”
—Unknown
You do not lead by hitting people
over the head - that's assault, not
leadership.
— Dwight D. Eisenhower
What makes for good Leadership?
It is all about shared beliefs, values and
visions!
Beliefs - assumptions or convictions that a
person holds to be true regarding people,
concepts, or things.
Values - ideas about the worth or importance
of people, concepts, or things. They come
from a person's beliefs
It is about respect for one another!
Values and Leadership
“Personal Leadership is the process of
keeping your visions and values before
you and aligning your life to be
congruent with them.”
-Steven Covey
“It is not hard to make decisions when
you know what your values are.”
-Roy Disney
The Role of Values in Leadership
"Lasting change is a series of
compromises. And compromise is all
right, as long your values don't change."
- Jane Goodall
“Values are like fingerprints. Nobody's
are the same, but you leave 'em all over
everything you do.”
-Elvis Presley
Work Beliefs vs. Personal Beliefs
Personal Beliefs are based the values
that you believe to be true or right.
These beliefs drive your personal
decisions and behaviors in every day
life
Work Beliefs are the values and
expected behaviors the organization
believes to be true or right for the
safety of our employees and the
success of the company
Work Beliefs vs. Personal Beliefs
A conflict between your personal beliefs and
organizational beliefs create opportunities
for decisions in the workplace that are not
consistent with corporate values or beliefs
As leaders, social relationships can create
situations where your personal beliefs
interfere with your ability to hold others
accountable
Leaders are expected to maintain
consistency between positive work beliefs
and positive personal beliefs, creating a safe
and healthy workplace and a successful
organization
What makes for good Leadership?
Shared Values!
The Mission of A&WMA is to assist in
the professional development and
critical environmental decisionmaking of our members to benefit
society.
The core Purpose of A&WMA is to
improve environmental knowledge
and decisions by providing a neutral
forum for exchanging information.
What makes for good Leadership?
Be gentle and you can be bold; be
frugal and you can be liberal;
avoid putting yourself before
others and you can become a
leader among men.
-Lao Tzu
What makes for good Leadership?
Knowing Yourself
And
Knowing Those You Lead
What makes for good Leadership?
So it is said that if you know your enemies
and know yourself, you can win a hundred
battles without a single loss.
If you only know yourself, but not your
opponent, you may win or may lose.
If you know neither yourself nor your
enemy, you will always endanger yourself.
Sun Tzu ~510 BC
What makes for good Leadership?
If you don’t know yourself and
you don’t know where you are
going,
How can you possibly lead
others?
What makes for good Leadership?
If you don’t know the people
on your team,
How can you know how to
lead them?
Practical Tips on Good Leadership
Five Principles of Marine Corps
Leadership
1. You must be Technically and
Tactically Proficient
2. Make Sound and Timely
decisions
3. Set the Example
4. Know your men and lookout
for their welfare
5. Train your men as a team
42
Principles of Marine corps
Leadership
1. You must be Technically and
Tactically Proficient
 You must know what you are doing.
 You must know where you are going.
 You must know how what you are doing
fits into the bigger picture.
43
Principles of Marine corps
Leadership
2. Make Sound and Timely decisions
 A good decision made timely is better
than a great decision made too late.
 It is better to fail for what you did than
for what you didn’t do.
44
Principles of Marine corps
Leadership
3. Set the Example
 You lead by example
 Expecting the people you lead to
meet higher standards than you
exhibit is stupidity.
45
Principles of Marine corps
Leadership
4. Know your men and lookout for their
welfare
 Know the people on the team
 If people trust you the will follow you.
 If people don’t trust you the won’t !
46
Principles of Marine corps
Leadership
5. Train your people as a team
 Everyone can be replaced, even you
 Train up and train down
The difference between a platoon commander
and a platoon sergeant is:
1 Bullet !
Practical Tips on Good Leadership
“Any leader wields only as much
authority and influence as is
conferred by the consent of those he
leads”
-Nathaniel Fich Cpt. USMC (R)
“One Bullet Away; The Making of a
Marine Officer (2005)”
Leadership Amplitude
 Your behavior will be magnified by others
 Others may not confide in you based on
previous responses to good/bad news
 Pride can be seen as ego and amplified
 Expressions can be amplified (lack of attention,
rolling of the eyes, demeaning answers)
 Others will expect more from you as a leader
 Social Contracts (friendships) can be used
Leadership Lag
Time it takes a leader or an organization to
identify an issue or opportunity & take
successful action
Recognizing an issue or opportunity
(Awareness)
Deciding what action to take and avoiding
“Analysis Paralysis” (Action)
Taking on purpose action in a timely manner
(Accountability)
Taking no action may send a negative message
to the organization and can be viewed as not
caring
Five Stages of Leadership
Development
Survival
Hierarchical
Dynamic
Collaborative
Organic
Survival
Control & Discipline
World is Dangerous
Rule is largely Inflexible
Leadership style- Authoritarian
Hierarchical
World is Orderly & Systematic
Place
People value Authority & Tradition
Linear Thinking
Look for Efficiency
Relies on Duty & Loyalty
Leadership Style- Manager
Dynamic
Potential for Chaos & Turmoil
Focus on effective
Relationships, Team Building
& Process
Self-directive Learning
Leadership Style- Facilitator
Collaborative
World explored through Collaborative
ventures where Personal
Accountability, Diversity & Ethics
support integration of differences &
development of Synergy
 Leadership Style- Collaborator
Organic
World explored as a whole where
qualities of the whole are found within
the system
Complex decision making based on
ecological, global & human dignity
Leadership style- Visionary
Now it is up to You!