Fermilab
Working Group 6:
Technology for Accelerators
Summary / Collaboration Opportunities
J.A. Clarke (STFC)
C.M. Ginsburg (FNAL)
P.A. McIntosh (STFC)
Proton Accelerators for Science and Innovation
2nd Annual Meeting
Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UK
3-5.April 2013
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Working Group 6 Topics
RF System Control
– PXIE RF Control challenges B Chase (Webex)
– Muon Acceleration Challenges at MICE K Ronald
– RF control @Daresbury PCorlett
o Diagnostics and Instrumentation (Combined with WG4 – see their summaries)
– Novel Diagnostics on PXIE Vic Scarpine
– Overview of FETS Diagnostics Christoph Gabor
– ISIS Diagnostics Development Programme Steve Payne
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RF System Developments (Combined with WG4 )
– SRF developments at FNAL S Nagaitsev 1125-1150
– SRF developments at Daresbury A Wheelhouse
– RFQ developments at RAL A Letchford
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Test Facilities (Combined with WG4 )
– PXIE Test Facility S Holmes
– FETS Overview A Letchford
– Test Facilities at Daresbury P McIntosh
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Industrialisation
– SRF Cavity/CM Development at FNAL C.M. Ginsburg
– Illinois Accelerator Research Center (IARC) S Holmes
– Cryomodule Design for Crab Cavities for LHC-HL S Pattalwar
 Collaborative Opportunities
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RF System Control
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Very good control demonstrated (no beam)
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Challenging timing and
synchronisation to generate
complex bunch patterns
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Collaboration with LBNL
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Digital upgrade to LLRF has improved performance
of buncher cavity
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Builds on ALICE/VELA experience - same open
architecture boards
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K Ronald
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RF System Developments
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FNAL SRF Programme – S Nagaitsev (FNAL)
• Extensively utilising ILC SRF R&D from 2006-12
• Project-X priority:
– 3 GeV CW linac followed by a 3-8 GeV pulsed linac, providing a
very powerful intensity frontier accelerator complex
– Presents new challenges:
– 6 different cavities optimized for changing proton velocities (β)
– 4 different frequencies (162.5, 325, 650, 1300 MHz)
– 5 of these cavities are completely new for Project X (vs 2 for
SNS, 1 for CBEAF)
– Requires development of 7 different styles of cryomodules
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650 MHz CW Cavities and CMs are a
design challenge
• Modification of cryomodule design developed for ILC
• …but must accommodate large (250 W) heat loads at 2 K
• Lots of detailed engineering remains
Blade Tuner
End Tuner 
Collab with India
CW mechanical cavity/tuner/He vessel design common issues
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SRF Development at Daresbury – A Wheelhouse (STFC)
1. Develop SRF fabrication capability with Shakespeare
Engineering (UK):
– 3 cavities fabricated:
• SN 01 processed and tested at Jlab
– BCP processed – achieved 23 MV/m @ 1010
• SN 02 being processed and tested at Daresbury
– BCP processed – problems being resolved with infrastructure
• SN 03 successfully qualified at FNAL during 2012:
– EP processed – achieved 25 MV/m @ 1.5 x 1010
– Further (tumble) processing completed; another test expected today
Cavity vendor qualification and surface processing R&D common issues
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Wheelhouse
9-cell Fabrication Development
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3-year programme on-going
Cavity drawings complete
Tooling has been manufactured
Pressing trials being completed at
Shakespeare with Copper:
9-cell cavity drawings
– Assessing repeatability and
reproducibility
Niobium half cells to be pressed soon
Further beampipe spinning trials
– Thicker sheets
SRF infrastructure development at
Daresbury:
– Automated BCP process
BCP facility
– Automated HPR
It is hoped that FNAL can continue to
assist in qualifying Shakespeare with
this structure. Cavity vendor qualification common issues
HPR stand
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Wheelhouse
SRF Cryomodule Development
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Existing Cryomodule on ALICE
ERL (New) Cryomodule
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ALICE
Lead design of a new, high current and
world leading CM.
To educate and demonstrate effective:
– Processing,
– Handling,
– Assembly,
– Testing,
– QA processes.
To integrate the new CM onto ALICE
Commission CM + cryogenics systems
To validate CM performance with beam
CW operation common issues
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Nagaitsev
1300 MHz Development for ILC and PX
• Accomplishments:
– Improved cavity gradients and
yield
– ANL/FNAL EP facility: world class
throughput & yield
– 70 cavities ordered, many from
U.S., 43 VTS tested, 20 cavities
dressed
– CM1 assembled (DESY kit) and
cold test complete
– Installing CM2, 1st high gradient
U.S. Cryomodule (ave 31.5 MV/M
= goal)
– Parts for 4 more 1.3 GHz
cryomodules purchased ( ARRA
funds)
• Extensive 1300 MHz
infrastructure operational
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SRF CM Integration @ DL
McIntosh
CW Coupler Testing
Parameter
ALICE
Target
1.3
1.3
Number of cavities
2
2
Number of Cells per Cavity
9
7
1.038
0.807
3.6
3.6
1036
762
12 - 15
>20
27
>32
Qo
<5 x109
>1x1010
Qext
4 x 106
4x106 - 108
Max Cavity Fwd Power (kW)
10 SW
20 SW
Frequency (GHz)
Cavity Length (m)
Cryomodule Length (m)
R/Q (Ω)
Eacc (MV/m)
CM Energy Gain (MeV)
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CM Assembly
Offline Cryogenic Testing
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Collaboration Opportunities at DL
• Cryomodule installed and cooled to 2K
• Optimisation presently being performed on the
cryogenic system
McIntosh
Evaluation Programme:
• Establish gradient and Q0
• Measure Lorentz force detuning at high
gradient
• Performance measurements with piezo tuners
• Determine DLLRF control limitations wrt Qext
• Evaluate the effect of beam loading with
DLLRF, piezo control for various Qext levels
under pulsed and CW conditions
• Characterise cavities in CW mode at high
gradient:
– Evaluate thermal transients across cavity string
and 2-phase line
• Synergies with PXIE operational requirements
to be evaluated
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RFQ Development @ RAL – A Letchford (STFC)
• FETS RFQ to deliver a 3 MeV, 60 mA H- beam with an
rms emittance of ~0.3 π mm mrad.
• Pulsed RFQ operating up to 2 ms pulses at 50 Hz PRF.
• 324 MHz chosen to make use of the readily available
Toshiba pulsed klystron (J-PARC klystron).
 Goal of FETS is to demonstrate beam chopping:
– RFQ not required to be state of the art or necessarily
push the boundaries of RFQ design.
• Goal was to produce a reliable design with the ability
to be fixed in event of failure.
• ‘Integrated' design philosophy adopted:
– single master RFQ CAD model used for all other
simulation and modelling to ensure absolute consistency.
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FETS RFQ Development
‘Clover leaf' 4-vane geometry with circular outer
segments for high shunt impedance.
Letchford
FETS RFQ output from multi particle
simulation using measured LEBT input beam
Construction – Bolted not Brazed
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Viton 3D seal
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FETS RFQ Status
Letchford
Completed Engineering Design
Final machining is underway
 Possible opportunity to perform post-simulation
analysis of the as-built performance
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Test Facilities
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Project X Injector Experiment (PXIE)
Steve Holmes
Superconducting RF
Technology Map
PXIE
LEBT
RFQ
MEBT
b=0.11
RT
b=0.51
b=0.61
b=0.9
325 MHz
10-177 MeV
PASI WG6 Summary
b=1.0
Pulsed
CW
162.5 MHz
0.03-11 MeV
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b=0.22
650 MHz
0.18-3 GeV
1.3 GHz
3-8 GeV
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PXIE Scope
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CW H- source delivering 5 mA at 30 keV
LEBT with beam pre-chopping
CW RFQ operating at 162.5 MHz and delivering 5 mA at 2.1 MeV
MEBT with integrated wide-band chopper and absorber
– Capable of generating arbitrary bunch patterns at 162.5 MHz, and
disposing of 4 mA average beam current
• Low beta superconducting cryomodules: 1 mA to ~25 MeV
– HWR and SSR1
• Beam dump capable of accommodating 2 mA at 25 MeV (50 kW) for
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extended periods.
Associated beam diagnostics, utilities and shielding
– Extinction measurement to 10-9 (goal)
Common interest in chopped beam absorbers, CW SRF
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Common interest in chopped beam absorbers
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Data exist!
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Peter McIntosh
VELA
ALICE
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EMMA
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McIntosh
New Cryomodule in ALICE
Common interest in CW SRF cryomodule design and operation
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McIntosh
VELA Transverse Deflecting Cavity Beam Diagnostic
3-cell TDC prototype (RI GmbH)
Common interest in (room temperature) deflecting cavity development with PrX
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Industrializ(s)ation
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Ginsburg
FNAL SRF Cavity/CM Industrialization
 ILC has provided a great opportunity for US SRF industrial development
 Cavity fabrication and processing vendor development
 Cavity/cryomodule value engineering exercises ongoing for future projects
 Existing industrialization workshops (ILC) provide a resource for
understanding cost reduction targets: niobium material, cavity fabrication,
industry regional differences, CM fabrication
PAC10 Kyoto satellite meeting
http://ilcagenda.linearcollider.org/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=4530
SRF2011 Chicago satellite meeting
http://ilcagenda.linearcollider.org/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=5182
TE1PAV001
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IARC: What is it?
Holmes
A partnership between Department of Energy
and the State of Illinois
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To enable Fermilab to work more closely with industry and
university partners on Accelerator Technology Development
and Accelerator Education
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To develop new accelerator technology based products and
high tech industries in the U.S. ( especially Illinois)
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New IARC building and re-use of CDF assembly building and
infrastructure
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More than a dozen industries have expressed interest, the
deep pit area is particularly interesting to them
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Illinois Accelerator Research Center
Holmes
March 26, 2013
CDF
Heavy Assembly bldg
State funded Office
Technical Engineering bldg
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48,000 gross square footage
23,000 SF of Office Space (145 offices); 3,700 SF Light Tech Space
3,900 SF New Lecture Hall (175 seats); 900 SF Meeting Rooms
New 250 car parking lot
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IARC - Conclusions
Holmes
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Steady Progress on the IARC physical plant. 1st availability
in FY15 for projects
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Anticipate OHEP Accelerator Stewardship funds in FY15 to
hire staff and fund the initial program (funding announcement)
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Working on business model, DOE user facility designation
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Important that we define the rules for Industry/users!
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Even without a “formal” IARC program announcement there
is lots of interest from Industry
See Web site IARC.fnal.gov
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Unique opportunity for Industry, Universities, Entrepreneurs
Many common features with UK lab-business partnerships
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Pattalwar
LHC High Lumi Upgrade Crab Cavities
• Crabbing foreseen as part of
the high luminosity upgrade
• Three cavity designs now being
validated by int’l partners
• Design validation with SPS
• Cryomodule design in progress
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Pattalwar
LHC/SPS CC boundary conditions
1000mm
• Cavity
• Operating temperature, magnetic shielding,
helium vessel, coupler interfaces (remove
LOM, HOM), tuner mechanism, dynamic heat
load…
420mm
413mm
• LHC: two beam pipes, heat load due to
beams, helium vessel geometry
• SPS Layout: cramped space, third beam
pipe, RF coupler orientation, integration
• Cryogenic services
• Cooling capacity at various temperatures,
cooling processes, ports and interfaces,
operating modes, …
Regulation and directives
 Mechanical design, pressure relief, volumes,
pipe sizes, methods of QC
• Other
• Lessons learned, schedule, cost, market
April 5, 2013
194 mm
Triple tube cavity
support system
SPS by-pass line
RF input
coupler
US/UK collaboration opportunity
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Collaboration Opportunities
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Collaboration Opportunities (1/3)
MICE (K. Ronald)
• Key areas of collaboration currently ongoing, also heavily involving LBNL
– FNAL testing of the first cavity and coupling coils
• FNAL assembly of LBNL cavities in single cavity test module
• Testing achievable gradient in no magnetic field, fringe field and flat field
configurations
• FNAL will test the RFCC coupling coils
– Transfer of experience to RAL for MICE experiment
– DL developing power amplifier and control systems- interface to cavity
systems developed in US
– RF distribution network designed in UK, procured in US
– RAL will assemble hardware and expertise, perform the MICE experiment
– MICE experiment will feed back into US interest in Muon Accelerators
• Opportunities for further collaboration
– Determination of muon phase and gradient history
• Strathclyde, Imperial, Sheffield and DL currently looking at this problem
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Collaboration Opportunities (2/3)
• RFQ’s
– Both the FETS and PXIE RFQ developments are well advanced, not
much opportunity to collaborate on design issues.
– However there’s an opportunity to perform post-simulation analysis of
the performance achieved for both RFQ designs
• Complete multi-physics (EM/thermal/particle-tracking) verification would be
extremely beneficial to both FETS and PXIE.
• Digital LLRF Collaborative Opportunities
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Major developments at FNAL & STFC in DLLRF for new programmes
Ongoing collaboration LBNL/STFC
Use of open source architectures has big benefits
Excellent opportunity for collaboration in RF control, optimisation of
feedback and feed forward algorithms, timing and synchronisation, etc
of relevance to PXIE, PX, ALICE, VELA, MICE, FETS & ISIS Linac
 Post doc in this area would be very beneficial
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Collaboration Opportunities (3/3)
• Beam chopping
– FETS and PXIE both need similar power level chopped beam
absorbers – could work on common design
• CW SRF
– Daresbury cryomodule now installed at ALICE and ready for
beam characterisation – FNAL keen to take part, especially CW
• LHC-HL upgrade crab cavities
– Regulation and directives associated with cryogenic operation
associated with mechanical design, pressure relief, volumes,
pipe sizes, methods of QC
• Industrialization
– Cavity vendor qualification ongoing Daresbury-FNAL with future
9-cell opportunities
– Business managers could talk to each other
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