Dirección General de
Transporte Terrestre
Ministry of Public Works and Transport
“Ministerio de Fomento”
Ministerio de
Fomento
Ministerio de
Fomento
Paseo de la Castellana, 67.
28071- Madrid (Spain)
http://www.fomento.es/MFOM/LANG_EN
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Dirección General de
Transporte Terrestre
FIELDS OF ACTIVITY:
Ministerio de
TRANSPORT:
•
•
•
•
Fomento
LAND TRANSPORT (ROAD AND RAIL)
Ministerio de
MERCHANT MARINE & STATE HARBOURS
Fomento
CIVIL
AVIATION
AIRPORTS
INFRASTRUCTURES:
• RAILWAY AND HIGHWAY NETWORKS
HOUSING POLICIES
NATIONAL REGULATORY AUTHORITY ON POSTAL SERVICES
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC INSTITUTE
EC MARKING
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Dirección General de
Transporte Terrestre
FREE MOVEMENT OF:
EU Context
• People
• Goods
• Services
• Capitals
White Paper
Ministerio de
Fomento
Change
Climate
Lisbon
Agenda
Ministerio de
Fomento
EU
Transport
Integrated
Policies
Passengers
Transport
Rights
Policy areas:
http://ec.europa.eu/transport/i
ndex_en.htm
Market
Safety &
Security
TEN -T
3
Transporte Terrestre
Dirección General de
Ministerio de
Fomento
White
Fomento
Ministerio de
Paper 2011
Roadmap to a Single European Transport Area
Towards a competitive and resource efficient
transport system
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Historical Evolution of the White Paper
White Paper (1992):
opening the transport market
White paper (2001) :
Dirección General de
Transporte Terrestre
“European transport policy for 2010: time to decide”
focus on modal shift
Ministerio de
Mid term review (2006) :Fomento
Ministerio de
“Keep Europe
moving – sustainable mobility for our
continent” Fomento
focus on co-modality -"use of different modes on their own and in combination, in the aim to
obtain an optimal and sustainable utilisation of resources".
New White Paper (2011):
“Roadmap to a Single European Transport Area – Towards a
competitive and resource efficient transport system”
Creation of a Single European Transport Area in which all residual barriers –
between modes and between borders – are eliminated. Full modal integration.
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Dirección General de
Transporte Terrestre
Background in the development of the
White Paper on Transport Policy
In 1992, the Commission published a White Paper on the common transport
policy, which was essentially dedicated to market opening. Almost ten years
later, the 2001 White Paper emphasized the need to manage transport growth
in a more sustainable way by achieving a more balanced use of all transport
modes.
Ministerio de
Fomento
The White Paper accompanied by the
impact assessment report identifies the
challenges that the transport system is likely to face in the future, based on an
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evaluation of policies and developments in the recent past, and on an
Fomento
assessment of current
trends. It then defines a long-term strategy that would
allow the transport sector to meet its goals with a 2050 horizon.
The White Paper on Transport Policy addresses also issues related to some
other flagships, and notably “Innovation Union”, “An industrial policy for the
globalisation era”, “A digital agenda for Europe”, “An agenda for new skills and
jobs” and a “European platform against poverty” (the territorial cohesion
aspect).
6
The White Paper
Related basic Documents:
o WHITE PAPER .
Dirección General de
Transporte Terrestre
o
o
COM(2011) 144 final. Brussels, 28.3.2011
“Roadmap to a Single European Transport Area – Towards a competitive and
resource efficient transport system”
Ministerio de
o COMMISSION STAFF WORKING
DOCUMENT.
Fomento
o
o
SEC(2011) 391 final. Brussels, 28.3.2011
Ministerio de
“Accompanying
the White Paper - Roadmap to a Single European Transport Area
– Towards a competitive and resource efficient transport system”
Fomento
o IMPACT ASSESSMENT.
o
o
SEC(2011) 358 final. Brussels, 28.3.2011
”Accompanying document to the WHITE PAPER”
o SUMMARY OF THE IMPACT ASSESSMENT.
o
o
SEC(2011) 359 final. Brussels, 28.3.2011
”Accompanying document to the WHITE PAPER”
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Dirección General de
Transporte Terrestre
The White Paper
o The European Commission adopted a roadmap
of 40 concrete initiatives for the next decade to
build a competitive transport system that will
increase mobility, remove major barriers in key
areas and fuel growth Fomento
and employment.
Ministerio de
Ministerio de
Fomento
o At the same time, the proposals will dramatically
reduce Europe's dependence on imported oil
and cut carbon emissions in transport by 60%
by 2050.
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The White Paper
By 2050, key goals will include:
Dirección General de
Transporte Terrestre
• No more conventionally-fuelled cars in cities.
• 40% use of sustainable low
carbon
fuels in aviation.
Ministerio
de
Fomento
• At least 40% cut in shipping emissions.
Ministerio de
• A 50% shiftFomento
of medium distance intercity passenger and
freight journeys from road to rail and waterborne transport.
• All of which will contribute to a 60% cut in transport
emissions by the middle of the century.
9
The White Paper
Dirección General de
Transporte Terrestre
o Video:
http://ec.europa.eu/avservices/video/videoplayer.cfm?ref=I069182&
Ministerio de
sitelang=en
Fomento
Ministerio de
Fomento
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White Paper.
COM(2011) 144 final
Roadmap to a Single European Transport Area
Dirección General de
Transporte Terrestre
Towards a competitive and resource efficient
transport system
Ministerio de
Fomento
Ministerio de
Fomento
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White Paper
Dirección General de
Transporte Terrestre
COM(2011) 144 final
Ministerio de
The Commission
will prepare
Fomento
appropriate legislative proposals in
Fomento
the next
decade with key initiatives
to be put forward during the current
mandate.
Ministerio de
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White Paper
Dirección General de
Transporte Terrestre
COM(2011) 144 final
Each of its proposals will be
preceded by a thorough impact
assessment, considering EU added
value and subsidiary aspects.
Ministerio de
Fomento
Ministerio de
Fomento
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White Paper
Dirección General de
Transporte Terrestre
COM(2011) 144 final
The Commission will ensure its actions
increase the competitiveness
of transport
Fomento
while delivering the minimum 60%
reductionFomento
of GHG emissions from transport
needed by 2050, orienting itself along the
ten goals which should be seen as
benchmarks.
Ministerio de
Ministerio de
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White Paper
Dirección General de
Transporte Terrestre
COM(2011) 144 final
Ten (10) Goals for a competitive
and resource efficient transport
system:
Fomento
Ministerio de
Ministerio de
Fomento
benchmarks for
achieving the 60%
GHG emission reduction target
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White Paper
COM(2011) 144 final
TEN (10) GOALS
Dirección General de
Transporte Terrestre
Developing and deploying new and sustainable fuels and propulsion
systems:
Ministerio de
1.Halve the use of ‘conventionally-fuelled’ cars in urban transport by
Fomento
2030; phase them out in cities by 2050;
achieve essentially CO2-free city
logistics in major urban
centres
by 2030 .
Ministerio
de
Fomento
2.Low-carbon sustainable fuels in aviation to reach 40% by 2050; also by
2050 reduce EU CO2 emissions from maritime bunker fuels by 40% (if
possible 50%).
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White Paper
COM(2011) 144 final
TEN (10) GOALS
Dirección General de
Transporte Terrestre
Optimising the performance of multimodal logistic chains, including by
making greater use of more energy-efficient modes
3. About a 30% of road freight over 300 km should shift to other modes such as rail
or waterborne transport by 2030, and more than 50% by 2050, facilitated by
efficient and green freight corridors. To meet this goal will also require appropriate
infrastructure to be developed.
Ministerio de
4.By 2050, complete a European high-speed
rail network. Triple the length of the
Fomento
existing high-speed rail network by 2030 and maintain a dense railway network in
de
all Member States. By Ministerio
2050 the
majority of medium-distance passenger transport
should go by rail.
Fomento
5.A fully functional and EU-wide multimodal TEN-T ‘core network’ by 2030, with a
high quality and capacity network by 2050 and a corresponding set of information
services.
6.By 2050, connect all core network airports to the rail network, preferably highspeed; ensure that all core seaports are sufficiently connected to the rail freight
and, where possible, inland waterway system.
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White Paper
COM(2011) 144 final
TEN (10) GOALS
Dirección General de
Transporte Terrestre
Increasing the efficiency of transport and of infrastructure use with
information systems and market-based incentives
7. Deployment of the modernized air traffic management infrastructure (SESAR )
in Europe by 2020 and completion of the European Common Aviation Area.
Ministerio de
Deployment of equivalent land and waterborne transport management systems
Fomento
(ERTMS , ITS , SSN and LRIT , RIS
). Deployment of the European Global
Navigation Satellite System (Galileo).
Ministerio de
8. By 2020, establish the framework for a European multimodal transport
Fomento
information, management
and payment system.
9. By 2050, move close to zero fatalities in road transport. In line with this goal,
the EU aims at halving road casualties by 2020. Make sure that the EU is a
world leader in safety and security of transport in all modes of transport.
10. Move towards full application of “user pays” and “polluter pays” principles and
private sector engagement to eliminate distortions, including harmful subsidies,
generate revenues and ensure financing for future transport investments.
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White Paper
Dirección General de
Transporte Terrestre
COM(2011) 144 final
THE STRATEGY
Ministerio de
Fomento
Ministerio de
Fomento
WHAT NEEDS TO BE DONE ?
19
White Paper
COM(2011) 144 final
Dirección General de
Transporte Terrestre
WHAT NEEDS TO BE DONE ?

A Single European Transport Area

Innovating for the future – technology and behaviour
Ministerio de

Modern infrastructure, smart
pricing and funding
Fomento

The external dimension
Ministerio de
Fomento
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White Paper
COM(2011) 144 final
WHAT NEEDS TO BE DONE ?
A Single European Transport Area
A Single European Transport Area should ease the movements of
citizens and freight, reduce costs and enhance the sustainability of
European transport:
Dirección General de
Transporte Terrestre
 A Single European Sky with an increase of the capacity and quality of
airports.
Ministerio de
 A Single European Railway AreaFomento
with the abolishment of technical,
administrative and legal obstacles which still impede entry to national
Ministerio de
railway markets.
Fomento
 A road freight market more efficient and competitive.
 A “Blue Belt” in the seas around Europe shall simplify the formalities
for ships travelling between EU ports, and a suitable framework must be
established to take care of European tasks for inland waterway transport.
Market access to ports needs to be further improved.
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White Paper
COM(2011) 144 final
WHAT NEEDS TO BE DONE ?
A Single European Transport Area
Dirección General de
Transporte Terrestre
 A market opening needs quality jobs and an improvement of the
working conditions, as human resources are a crucial component of any
high quality transport system.
 The labour and skill shortages will
become
a serious concern for
Ministerio
de
transport in the future.
Fomento
de
 It will be importantMinisterio
to align
the competitiveness and the social agenda,
building on social dialogue,
in order to prevent social conflicts
Fomento
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White Paper
COM(2011) 144 final
WHAT NEEDS TO BE DONE ?
Innovating for the future – technology and behaviour
A more efficient and sustainable European transport system
by acting on three
(3) main factors:
Dirección General de
Transporte Terrestre
 Vehicles’ efficiency through new engines, materials and
design.
Ministerio de
 Cleaner energy use through new
fuels and propulsion
Fomento
systems.
Ministerio de
 Better use of network and safer and more secure
Fomento
operations through
information and communication systems.
clean vehicles
(Green car initiative, Clean Sky)
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White Paper
Dirección General de
Transporte Terrestre
COM(2011) 144 final
WHAT NEEDS TO BE DONE ?
Innovating for the future – technology and behaviour
The Commission will devise an innovation and
deployment strategy for the
transport sector, in close
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cooperation with the Strategic Energy Technology Plan
Fomento
(SET-plan), identifying appropriate governance and
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financing instruments,
in order to ensure a rapid
deploymentFomento
of research results.
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White Paper
COM(2011) 144 final
WHAT NEEDS TO BE DONE ?
Innovating for the future – technology and behaviour
The deployment of smart mobility systems developed through EUfunded research, such as:
Dirección General de
Transporte Terrestre
 The air traffic management system of the future (SESAR).
 The European rail traffic management system (ERTMS) and rail
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information systems.
Fomento
 Maritime surveillance
systems (SafeSeaNet).
Ministerio de
Fomento
 River Information Services (RIS).
 Intelligent transport systems (ITS).
Interoperable interconnected solutions for the next generation of multimodal transport management and
information systems (including for charging).
It will also require an investment plan for new navigation, traffic monitoring and communication services.
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White Paper
COM(2011) 144 final
TEN (10) GOALS
Dirección General de
Transporte Terrestre
http://ec.europa.eu/transport/air/sesar/sesar_en.htm
Ministerio de
http://ec.europa.eu/transport/marcopolo/index_en.htm
Fomento
Intelligent
transport
systems include the traffic management
Ministerio
de
systems for road, rail, air and waterborne transport as well
as the positioning and navigation systems.
Fomento
http://ec.europa.eu/transport/its/road/action_plan/action_plan_en.htm
Directive 2010/40/EU
http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/satnav/galileo/index_en.htm
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White Paper
COM(2011) 144 final
WHAT NEEDS TO BE DONE ?
Innovating for the future – technology and behaviour
Dirección General de
Transporte Terrestre
 Information on all modes of transport, both for travel and freight, on
possibilities for their combined use and on their environmental impact,
will need to be widely available.
de
 Smart inter-modal ticketing, withMinisterio
common
EU standards that respect
EU competition rules is vital. This relates
not only to passenger
Fomento
transport but also freight, where better electronic route planning across
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modes, adapted legal environment (inter-modal freight documentation,
Fomento
insurance, liability) and
real time delivery information also for smaller
consignments is needed.
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White Paper
COM(2011) 144 final
WHAT NEEDS TO BE DONE ?
Innovating for the future – technology and behaviour
Dirección General de
Transporte Terrestre
Urban context:
 A mixed strategy involving land-use planning, pricing schemes,
efficient public transport services and infrastructure for non-motorised
modes and charging/refuelling of clean vehicles is needed to reduce
Ministerio de
congestion and emissions.
Fomento
 Cities above a certain
should be encouraged to develop Urban
Ministeriosize
de
Mobility Plans, bringing
all those elements together.
Fomento
 Urban Mobility Plans should be fully aligned with Integrated Urban
Development Plans.
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White Paper
COM(2011) 144 final
What to be done?
Modern infrastructure, smart pricing and funding
Dirección General de
Transporte Terrestre
Europe needs a ‘core network’ of corridors, carrying large and
consolidated volumes of freight and passengers traffic with high
efficiency and low emissions, thanks to the extensive use of more
efficient modes in multimodal combinations and the wide application of
advanced technologies and supply infrastructure for clean fuels.
Ministerio de
 Simplification of administrative procedures.
Fomento
 Cargo trackingMinisterio
and tracing.
de
Fomento
 Optimisation schedules and traffic flows (e-Freight)
32
White Paper
COM(2011) 144 final
What to be done?
Modern infrastructure, smart pricing and funding
The core network must ensure:
Dirección General de
Transporte Terrestre
 Efficient multi-modal links between the EU capitals and other main
cities, ports, airports and key land border crossing, as well as other
main economic centres.
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 The completion of missing links – mainly cross-border sections and
Fomento
bottlenecks/bypasses.
Ministerio de
 The upgrading Fomento
of existing infrastructure
 The development of multimodal terminals at sea and river ports and
on city logistic consolidation centres.
 Better rail/airport connections must be devised for long distance
travel.
 The Motorways of the Sea will be the maritime dimension of the
core network.
33
White Paper
COM(2011) 144 final
What to be done?
Modern infrastructure, smart pricing and funding
TENT – PROJECTS
Dirección General de
Transporte Terrestre
The cost of EU infrastructure development to match the demand for
transport has been estimated at over € 1.5 trillion for 2010-2030.
Ministerio de
 The completion of the TEN-T
network requires about € 550
Fomento
billion until 2020 out of which some € 215 billion can be referred to
Ministerio de
the removal of
the main bottlenecks.
Fomento
 Investment in vehicles, equipment and charging infrastructure
which may require an additional € 1 trillion to achieve the emission
reduction goals for the transport system
http://ec.europa.eu/transport/infrastructure/ten-t-policy/review/ten-tpolicy-review_en.htm
34
White Paper
COM(2011) 144 final
What to be done?
Modern infrastructure, smart pricing and funding
TENT – PROJECTS
Dirección General de
Transporte Terrestre
€ 1.5 trillion for 2010-2030
The ultimate policy objective of the TEN-T is the
establishment of a single, multimodal network
covering both traditional ground-based
structures and equipment (including intelligent
transport systems) to enable safe and efficient
traffic. Increasingly, it also involves the
deployment of innovative systems that not only
promise benefits for transport but also have
substantial potential for industrial innovation.
Ministerio de
Fomento
Ministerio de
Private Sector
Fomento
and Structural
EU Cohesion
Funds
Member
States’ Budgets
Internalisation
of External
Costs
Financing
Infrastructure
Use Charges
35
White Paper
COM(2011) 144 final
What to be done?
Modern infrastructure, smart pricing and funding
Trans-European transport networks are cofinanced by the following
Community instruments currently:
Dirección General de
Transporte Terrestre
• Grants from the Trans-European transport budget (Funding
rules).
• Grants from the CohesionMinisterio
Funddebudget, in the countries eligible
for its intervention.
Fomento
Ministerio de
• Grants from the ERDF, prioritarily on Convergence objective
Fomento
regions
•
Loans and guarantees from the European Investment Bank
(EIB)
• Moreover, TEN-T projects can benefit from the results of the
Community Framework Programme on RTD. Can be
transferred to the TEN-T policy developments.
36
White Paper
COM(2011) 144 final
What to be done?
Modern infrastructure, smart pricing and funding
 Transport charges and taxes must be restructured in the direction of wider
application of the ‘polluter-pays’ and ‘user-pays’ principle.
Dirección General de
Transporte Terrestre
The cost of local externalities such as noise, air pollution and congestion could be
internalised through charging for the use of infrastructure.
 The Commission’s recent proposal to amend the so-called ‘Eurovignette
Directive’ represents a first step towards aMinisterio
higher
de degree of internalisation of costs
generated by heavy goods vehicles, but disparities in national road charging policies
Fomento
will remain.
Ministerio de
 The Commission will develop guidelines for the application of internalisation
Fomento
charges to all vehicles and for all main externalities. The long-term goal is to apply
user charges to all vehicles and on the whole network to reflect at least the
maintenance cost of infrastructure, congestion, air and noise pollution.
 Before 2020, the Commission will develop a common approach for the
internalisation of noise and local pollution costs on the whole rail network.
 The EU urges a decision in IMO on a global instrument to be applied to maritime
transport, where climate change costs are currently not internalised.
37
White Paper
COM(2011) 144 final
What to be done?
The external dimension
Dirección General de
Transporte Terrestre
Road Map Challenges
Ministerio de
Fomento

Ministerio de
The development
of transport beyond the EU borders.

Opening up third country markets in transport services,
products and investments continues to have high priority.

EU’s role as a standard setter in the transport field.
Fomento
38
White Paper
COM(2011) 144 final
What to be done?
The external dimension
Dirección General de
Transporte Terrestre

Ministerio de
Fomento
Ministerio de
Fomento
Areas of actions
39
White Paper
COM(2011) 144 final
What to be done?
The external dimension
 Areas of actions:
Dirección General de
Transporte Terrestre
 Extend internal market rules through work in international organisations
(ICAO, IMO, OTIF, OSJD, UNECE, the international river commissions etc) and
where relevant attain full EU membership.
 Extend our transport and infrastructure policy to our immediate neighbours.
A cooperation framework similar to on the Western Balkan Transport Treaty
Ministerio de
could be used to extend EU rules to other
neighbouring countries.
Fomento
 Opening up transport markets to free and undistorted competition and
Ministerio de
environmentally sustainable
solutions.
Fomento
 Complete the European Common aviation area of 58 countries and 1 billion
inhabitants.
 Cooperate with the Mediterranean partners in the implementation of a
Mediterranean Maritime Strategy to enhance maritime safety, security and
surveillance.
 Promote SESAR, ERTMS and ITS technology deployment in the world, and
establish research and innovation partnerships also at international level.
40
White Paper.
Dirección General de
Transporte Terrestre
COM(2011) 144 final
Ministerio de
Annex I:Fomento
List
of initiatives
Fomento
Ministerio de
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White Paper.
COM(2011) 144 final
Dirección General de
Transporte Terrestre
Annex I: List of initiatives
1. An efficient and integrated mobility system
1. A Single European Transport Area
2. Promoting quality jobs and working conditions
3. Secure Transport
4. Acting on transport safety: saving thousands of lives
5. Service quality and reliabilityMinisterio de
Fomento
2. Innovating for the future: technology and behaviour
1. A European
Transport
Research and Innovation Policy
Ministerio
de
2. Promoting more sustainable behaviour
3. Integrated urban mobility
Fomento
3. Modern infrastructure and smart funding
1. Transport infrastructure: territorial cohesion and economic growth
2. A coherent funding framework
3. Getting prices right and avoiding distortions
4. The external dimension
42
White Paper
Dirección General de
Transporte Terrestre
COM(2011) 144 final
Ministerio de
Fomento
Ministerio de
Fomento
43
SUMMARY OF THE IMPACT ASSESSMENT
Dirección General de
Transporte Terrestre
The share of CO2 emissions from transport
would continue increasing to almost 50% of
total emissions by 2050.
Ministerio de
Fomento
Oil products would still represent 89% of the
EU transport
sector needs in 2050.
Fomento
Ministerio de
Congestion would continue to pose a huge
burden on the society.
44
Dirección General de
Transporte Terrestre
SUMMARY OF THE IMPACT ASSESSMENT
The Commission has identified
four (4) main root causes that
prevent EU transport system to
develop into a Fomento
sustainable
system:
Ministerio de
Ministerio de
Fomento
45
SUMMARY OF THE IMPACT ASSESSMENT
Dirección General de
Transporte Terrestre
 Inefficient pricing
 Inadequate research policy
Ministerio de
Fomento
Ministerio de
Fomentoof transport services
 Inefficiency
 Lack of integrated transport planning
46
SUMMARY OF THE IMPACT ASSESSMENT

Dirección General de
Transporte Terrestre


Inefficient pricing: Today, most of the external costs of transport are still not internalised.
Where existent, internalisation schemes are not co-ordinated between modes and Member
States. Moreover, many taxes and subsidies which have been designed without the
internalisation goal in view have a distorting effect on behaviour.
Inadequate research policy: In spite of the substantial efforts dedicated to transport
research policy and the promising results being obtained, a wide variety of market and
regulatory failures hinder the fast development and deployment of key technologies for
Ministerio de
sustainable mobility.
Inefficiency of transport services: The achievement of a single, integrated and efficient
transport system is delayed today by a number of remaining regulatory and market failures
Ministerio
such as regulatory barriers
tode
market entrance or burdensome administrative procedures
which hamper the efficiency and the competitiveness of multimodal and cross-border
transport. Besides, investments to modernise the rail network and the transhipment
facilities have been insufficient to address the bottlenecks in multimodal transport. Modal
networks continue to be poorly integrated. TEN-T policy has lacked financial resources
and a true European and multimodal perspective.
Lack of integrated transport planning: When taking land-use planning or location decisions
both at local level and at continental level, public authorities and companies often do not
properly take into account the consequences of their choices on the operation of the
transport system as a whole, which typically generates inefficiencies.
Fomento
Fomento

47
Dirección General de
Transporte Terrestre
SUMMARY OF THE IMPACT ASSESSMENT
Pursuant to Articles 90 and 91 of the TFEU, the
Common Transport Policy should contribute to
the broader objectives of the Treaties.
The prime objectives of the Common Transport
Fomento
Policy are to complete the internal market for
transport, Fomento
ensure sustainable development,
promote a better territorial cohesion and
integrated spatial planning, improve safety, and
develop international cooperation.
Ministerio de
Ministerio de
48
General Policy Objective

The general policy objective of this initiative is to define a long-term
strategy that would transform the EU transport system into a
sustainable system by 2050. This general objective can be
translated into more specific objectives:

Dirección General de
Transporte Terrestre






A reduction of GHG emissions that is consistent with the longterm requirements for limiting climate change to 2 °C[1] and with
the overall target for the EU
of reducing emissions by 80% by
Ministerio de
2050 compared to 1990. Transport-related emissions of CO2[2]
Fomento
should be reduced by around
60% by 2050 compared to
1990[3].
Ministerio de
A drastic decrease in the oil dependency ratio of transportFomento
related activities
by 2050 as requested by the EU 2020 Strategy
for transport calling for “decarbonised transport”.
Limit the growth of congestion.
[1]
The “Low-carbon economy 2050 roadmap” identifies a path for the reduction of the EU GHG emissions by
80% by 2050 with respect to 1990. In the "Effective and widely accepted technology" scenario it is foreseen that the
transport sector reduces its emissions by around 60%, industry by around 80%, the residential sector and services by
around 90%, and power generation by over 90%.
[2]
The references to transport-related CO2 emissions relate only to tank-to-wheel emissions.
[3]
As most GHG emissions from transport are CO2 emissions, this target can be considered as equivalent to the
target of reducing GHG emissions by 60%, as expressed in the Impact Assessment on “Low-carbon economy 2050
roadmap”.
49
SUMMARY OF THE IMPACT ASSESSMENT
Dirección General de
Transporte Terrestre
 The Commission has identified seven (7) policy
areas in which concrete policy measures could
have a key role in stimulating the expected shift
of the transport system to another paradigm:
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 pricing
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 taxation
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 research and innovation
 efficiency standards and flanking measures
 internal market
 infrastructure and
 transport planning.
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Dirección General de
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SUMMARY OF THE IMPACT ASSESSMENT
It is important to note that the assessment of
impact of the policy options is surrounded by a
significant degree of uncertainty, owing to the
very long – 40-year – time horizon and to the
influence of factors that are difficult to predict or
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quantify:
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Ministerio de



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the many synergies and trade-offs between policy measures,
the long-term technological developments
the role on welfare of mobility and environmental amenities.
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Dirección General de
Transporte Terrestre
SUMMARY OF THE IMPACT ASSESSMENT
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Fomento
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Transporte Terrestre
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IMPACT ASSESSMENT
Elaborated by DG MOVE in collaboration with
DG ENER and DG CLIMA.
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Ministerio de
Fomento
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IMPACT ASSESSMENT.
Consultation and Expertise
 Communication on “A sustainable future for
Dirección General de
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transport: Towards an integrated, technology-led
and user friendly system ”, adopted by the
Commission on 17 June 2009.
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 Through this Communication,
the Commission
launched an open debate covering the main
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challenges for EU transport policy, the key
objectives for the transport system and the ways
how to meet them.
Ministerio de
Ministerio de
See: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2009:0279:FIN:EN:PDF
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IMPACT ASSESSMENT.
Consultation and Expertise
 Input from stakeholders has been taken into
account in assessing the different possible
actions to improve the sustainability of the
transport system in the EU.
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Fomento
Ministerio de
 External expertise
Fomentowas used to assess the
various options available, including aspects
raised during the public consultation.
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IMPACT ASSESSMENT.
Description and scope of the problem
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Transporte Terrestre
Conclusion
 It can be concluded that the European Union has not succeeded in containing
the growth of the economic, environmental and social costs of mobility while
simultaneously ensuring that current and future generations have access to
Ministerio de
safe, secure, reliable and affordable
mobility resources to meet their own
needs and aspirations.
Fomento
Ministerio de
 The Commission is therefore of the opinion that the EU transport system today
is not sustainableFomento
enough.
 Firstly, it is not sufficiently resource efficient so as to promote sustainable
growth in the meaning of the EU 2020 strategy. Transport is extremely
dependent upon oil whereas CO2 emissions from transport-related
activities account are still growing.
 Secondly, with congestion growing, it does not sufficiently keep pace with
the mobility needs and aspirations of people and businesses.
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IMPACT ASSESSMENT
Ministerio de
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What if present trends continue?
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IMPACT ASSESSMENT
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IMPACT ASSESSMENT
The Reference scenario
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Transporte Terrestre
 Total passenger transport activity would
increase by 51% between 2005 and 2050 while
freight transport activity would go up by 82%.
 Transport accounts today for over 30% of final
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energy consumption. In a context of growing
demand forFomento
transport, final energy demand by
transport is projected to increase by 5% by 2030
and an additional 1% by 2050 to then 32% of
total final energy consumption, driven mainly by
aviation and road freight transport.
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Ministerio de
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IMPACT ASSESSMENT
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Transporte Terrestre
The Reference scenario
 As a result of the rising fuel price, the total fuel costs
for the transport sector would be about 300 billion
euro higher in 2050 relative to 2010 which
represents more than 70% increase over the period
under review.
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 Renewables would represent
10% of total energy
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consumption
in transport
by 2020, reflecting the
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de
implementation
of the Renewables Directive38.
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Their share would gradually increase to 13% by
2050.
 the pace of electrification in the transport sector is
projected to remain slow in the Reference scenario:
electric propulsion in road transport does not make
significant inroads by 2050.
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IMPACT ASSESSMENT
The Reference scenario
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Transporte Terrestre
 As a consequence, the EU transport system
would remain extremely dependent on the use
of fossil fuels.
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Fomento
 Oil products would still represent 90% of the EU
transport sector
needs in 2030 and 89% in 2050
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in the Reference scenario.
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IMPACT ASSESSMENT
The Reference scenario
Dirección General de
Transporte Terrestre

In this context, whereas transport today accounts for about
one fourth of total CO2 emissions, the share of CO2
emissions from transport would continue increasing, to 38%
of total CO2 emissions by 2030 and almost 50% by 2050,
following a relatively lower decline of CO2 emissions from
transport compared to power
generation and other sectors.
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Fomento
This is due toMinisterio
the de
higher cost of abating emissions in the
transport sector.
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
Overall, CO2 emissions from transport would still be 31%
higher than their 1990 level by 2030 and 35% higher by 2050,
mainly owing to the fast rise of transport emissions during the
1990s.
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IMPACT ASSESSMENT
The Reference scenario.
External Costs.
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Transporte Terrestre
 External costs of transport would continue increasing. The
increase in traffic would lead to a roughly 20 billion € increase
of noise-related external costs by 2050 and external cost of
accidents would be about 60 billion € higher.
Ministerio
de
 The external cost of accidents
in urban
areas would increase
by some 40%. Only the external
costs related to air pollutants
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would decrease
by 60% by 2050.
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Fomento
 In particular, congestion would continue to represent a huge
burden on the society. Congestion costs are projected to
increase by about 50%, to nearly 200 billion € annually.
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IMPACT ASSESSMENT
The Reference scenario.
External Costs.
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Transporte Terrestre
Transport users have to pay the costs related to the use of their mode of transport (fuel,
insurance, etc.). Such costs are considered private in the sense that they are paid directly
by the user. Transport users also generate external costs, negative externalities (delays
as a result of congestion, health problems caused by noise and air pollution, greenhouse
gas emissions, etc.), which they do not bear directly and which have a cost to society as
a whole. The sum of the private and external costs of transport gives its socialcost.
Internalisation involves reflecting the external
costs in the price of transport. However,
Ministerio de
only a price based on the total social costs will take account of the services used and the
consumption of resources. The aim is to make users more aware of the costs they
generate and to encourage them to change their behaviour in order to reduce them.
Fomento
Ministerio de
Fomento
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:52008DC0435:EN:NOT
“No later than 10 June 2008, the Commission shall present, after examining all options
including environment, noise, congestion and health-related costs, a generally applicable,
transparent and comprehensible model for the assessment of all external costs to serve
as the basis for future calculations of infrastructure charges. This model shall be
accompanied by an impact analysis of the internalisation of external costs for all modes
of transport and a strategy for a stepwise implementation of the model for all modes of
transport.
The report and the model shall be accompanied, if appropriate, by proposals to the
European Parliament and the Council for further revision of this Directive” (Directive
2006/38/EC).
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IMPACT ASSESSMENT
The Reference scenario.
External Costs.
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Transporte Terrestre
Conclusion:
It is clear from the above that, factoring in all
the indicators, today’s unsustainable system
of mobility is not likelyFomento
to become sustainable
if present trends
continue.
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IMPACT ASSESSMENT
Root causes of the unsustainability of transport
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Transporte Terrestre
1- There cannot be economic efficiency unless the prices in transport
reflect all costs to the society actually caused by the users.
Internal + External costs.
As long as the total costs to society induced by transport activities (including the cost
of infrastructure provision and maintenance) are not correctly reflected in the costs
borne by transport users, the demand for transport stays above its optimal level and
Ministerio de
the pricing system fails to steer the customers
towards most efficient and sustainable
mobility choices
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Ministerio dedo not achieve low carbon mobility
2- Transport technologies
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3- Supply of transport services: not sufficiently efficient
4- Transport planning: lack of coordination and insufficient awareness
of interactions
Significant changes in urban mobility require comprehensive actions that bring
together land-use planning, road use and parking, transport pricing, infrastructure
development, public transport policy and much more.
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IMPACT ASSESSMENT
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Appendix 4
de
Inventory of policy Ministerio
measures
relevant
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for the transport sector included in the
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2050 reference
scenario.
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IMPACT ASSESSMENT
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Appendix 4
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IMPACT ASSESSMENT
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Appendix 4
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IMPACT ASSESSMENT
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Transporte Terrestre
Appendix 4
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White Paper.
Some of the main
actions developed by the
Ministry in the frame of
the White Paper. Fomento
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The impact of the White Paper in the policies followed by the Ministry
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It is necessary to encourage transport
companies to use modern and environmentally
friendly fleet to reduce emissions:
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Fomento
It is a requirement provided
by law for the
granting ofMinisterio
new
licenses and for approval of
de
enlargement.
Fomento
In the case of public services, particularly regular
passenger lines, the environmental performance
of the fleet is taken into account when giving
concessions.
73
The impact of the White Paper in the policies followed by the Ministry
Promote intermodality:
Dirección General de
Transporte Terrestre
The granting of authorizations for passenger transport is carried out with an
overview of all means of transport that can cover the service for certain routes,
eliminating duplication and redundancy, thus maximizing their effectiveness.
The new law governing contracts of carriage, is one of the most modern in
de benefited from a single transport
Europe, and provides that the goodsMinisterio
can be
document (CMR or others) of intermodal
thus setting equal rights and
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obligations regardless the mode of transport.
Ministerio de
Now, it is also contemplated the documentation requirements for
interconnection withFomento
air and maritime transport systems.
A reduction and streamlining of bureaucratic documents accompanying the
carriage.
The contract of carriage may now address those who are promoting the use of
new technologies and the ease in processing.
See our new 2009 contract law the land transport of goods.
74
The impact of the White Paper in the policies followed by the Ministry
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Transporte Terrestre
Document of Control (CMR)
If the parties agree, they may issue a transport
document by electronic
means under the law.
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Document of control issued electronically.
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In this case, the consignment or document of
control should be an electronic record that can
be transformed into legible written symbols.
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The impact of the White Paper in the policies followed by the Ministry
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In rail transport, the carrier may extend the
deadline of transport contract as strictily needed
when:
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a) Shipments are transported
Fomentoby lines with
different gauge, by sea or by road where there is
no rail connection.
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Ministerio de
b) Extraordinary circumstances involving an
abnormal increase in traffic or abnormal
operating difficulties.
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Dirección General de
Transporte Terrestre
The impact of the White Paper in the policies followed by the Ministry
For the purposes of this law a multimodal
transport contract is, the contract concluded by
the shipper and the carrier to move goods by
more than one mode of transport, one of which
is land, regardless of the number of carriers
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involved in its implementation.
The multimodal transport contract shall be
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governed by legislation specific to each mode,
as if the carrier and the shipper had entered into
a different transport for each phase of the
journey.
Ministerio de
Ministerio de
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Dirección General de
Transporte Terrestre
The impact of the White Paper in the policies followed by the Ministry
While not regulated by special law the contract
of river transport of goods, it becomes subject to
this law.
From 1st of January 2010, the railway
companies will have free access to the General
Fomento
Interest Railway Network
for the operation of
international transport of passengers.
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To carry out such transport services will need to
have obtained the relevant railway undertaking
license granted by the competent authority of a
Member State of the European Union.
Ministerio de
Ministerio de
78
The impact of the White Paper in the policies followed by the Ministry
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Transporte Terrestre
Other consequences:
Review of the Law of the rail sector in accordance with the
plan PITyV for the impetus and promotion of the rail system.
Management of rail transport. 2013 will be the end of the
regulatory review.
de
Commitment to increase the Ministerio
size and
professionalism of the
transportation companies to facilitate
their access to European
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markets.
de
Extreme rigor inMinisterio
implementing
the requirements of EU
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legislation.
Rational creation of corridors that meet the needs of domestic
and international markets, consistent with the constraints of
European corridors.
Flexibility in the provision of services.
Eliminate duplication and achieve a balanced and coordinated
with existing infrastructure and new projects.
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Dirección General de
Transporte Terrestre
The impact of the White Paper in the policies followed by the Ministry
The Plan to Promote the Rail Freight will be integrated in
the PITVI revised.
The Ministry will review the Strategic Plan to Promote
Transport of Goods by Rail, approved by the former
government in the last legislature,
and the plan will be
Ministerio de
integrated into the future Strategic
FomentoPlan for Infrastructure,
Transport andMinisterio
Housing
(PITVI), which is expected to be
de
submitted before next summer.
Fomento
The plan will have three funding streams: the
contributions budget, European funds and private capital
http://www.fomento.gob.es/NR/rdonlyres/33CFDA691E12-44E3-BDA77D30C3C97E38/109398/12020906.pdf
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Transporte Terrestre
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THANKS Fomento
FOR YOUR ATTENTION!
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