Fundamentals of sustainable energetic. (October 2011)
Energy Consumption and
Energy Sources in
Germany by 2050
Author 1
Author 2
Author 3
Status quo
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Germany today
Total area: 357,012m²
Population: 82 mill.
GDP 2.4trillion in 2010
Electricity imports: 42.1 TWh
Electricity exports: 59.1 TWh
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Energy resources
Coal
Oil
Natural gas
Nuclear Energy
Renewable Energy
Reduction of Energy Consumption
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Use of all available eco-friendly technologies
Lights. Reducing of street lights, eliminate lightsadvertisement for reduction of energy consumption
and light-pollution.
Give feed-back on energy consumption, at least a
monthly bill
Enable the consumer to level-out the energy
consumption over the day to make use of smart
grids
Combustion of fossil fuels for heating is inefficient as
electrical heating
Transport I
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Tailormade transportation according to the needs
and the traffic density (rush hour – rural areas)
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Cities: public transport, supported by measures like
city-toll (maut)
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Rural area:Higher efficiency of infrastructure
reduces the need of transportation, no need for long
distances. In rural areas, efficient cars can be
justified
Transport II
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90% reducing of fossil fuel demand by new
technologies and efficiency for cars (1-3liter cars,
electro cars, etc.)
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Electro cars used also as electricity storage
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Reduce energy need by decreasing of traffic
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Offer transport resources at the point of need, i.e.
car sharing, public transport, bicycles
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Get away from the attitude one consumer-one car.
That reduces the problems of stationary traffic
Housing
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Home heating. Zero energy homes (ZEH) – good
insulation, solar or/and horisontal ground source
heat pumps for water and room heating, solar
or/and wind electricity production by house,
controllers for energy and water consumption at
homes
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Electricity. Connect homes to electricity system –
use energy from system if needed and donate
energy to the system if it is overproduced by house
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Water. Rain water collection for household needs
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Create incentives for smart use of energy, i.e.
flexible tarifs
Industry
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Demographic change leads to decrease of industry
production
Energy intensive industry sectors decline
Decrease of production (there are too many things
produced we don´t really need)
Introduce more measures, based on the footprint of
a production. I.e. ease investment in greener
technologies through tax-legislation
Food. Use local food. Stop food waste and so
reduce its production and transportation energy
needs. Save territory for wild life.
Paper. Eliminate paper advertisement, packaging.
Save forests and CO2/O2 balance.
People I
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Parks. Plant more parks and forests to reduce CO2
amounts, to clean up the air
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Waste. Waste sorting and their reuse or recycling
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Introduce a master plan to make the people think
green in their decisions
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give a feed-back in their taken decisions and make
them benefit financially from it
People II
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Introduce the ecological footprint in tax-legislation
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Do the right thing and benefit from it
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Impose certain taxes on efficient usage of energy.
Higher taxes on fossil fuels and unjustified usage
Demography I
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~15 Million people less until 2050
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In Germany by 2050, the years with a strong birth
rate are becoming erased due to their age
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Introduce measures to help supporting the scarcely
populated regions and optimize it under energysaving aspects
Demography II
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Industries with high energy consumption are
decreasing generally in Germany and are not labour
intensive
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Change to the service industry, which is labour
intensive solves the labour market problem
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Environmental- and labour market issues are
disconnected
How Much Energy Does Germany
Need by 2050
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Natural- and biogas for “high value energy” –
industry
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Heat pumps, geothermal and solarthermic sources
for “low value energy” – housing, service sector
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transportation
Source: Greenpeace: PlanB 2050 – Energiekonzept für Deutschland
Source: Greenpeace: PlanB 2050 – Energiekonzept für Deutschland
Possible Energy Sources
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Solar PV. Even more potential than in the following
graph
Solar heating. Especially for housing
Ground source heat pumps for housing limited by
regional access
Wind. Increase mainly in offshore wind parks
Hydropower. Nearly constant amount of power
plants
“Sustainable” biomass. No new areas of cultivation,
but areas of compensation
Source: Greenpeace: PlanB 2050 – Energiekonzept für Deutschland
Conclusion
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There is no “right answer”, complex possibilities
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Changes are introduced by the people and require a
change in attitude
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A master-plan for the introduction of new
technologies according to the expected lifetime
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Close consideration of international collaboration
(im- and export)
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Smart grids and storage can contribute to the need
of installed power plants
References
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wIgVvPEVznc Alex
Steffen: The shareable future of cities (TED)
http://www.bmwi.de/BMWi/Navigation/Energie/Statistikund-Prognosen/Energiedaten/gesamtausgabe.html Federal
Ministry of Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear
Safety
http://www.greenpeace.de/fileadmin/gpd/user_upload/the
men/klima/Plan_B_2050_lang.pdf Studie: Klimaschutz:
Plan B 2050 – Energiekonzept für Deutschland
http://www.bmu.de/files/pdfs/allgemein/application/pdf/en
ergieszenarien_2010.pdf Studie: Energieszenarien für ein
Energiekonzept der Bundesregierung