European Hydropower Summit,
28th of February 2012, Bucharest
ROSHA – representative of small
hydropower sector in Romania
Bogdan POPA
Assoc. Prof., Faculty of Power Engineering, Hydraulic Department, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Romania
Romanian Small Hydropower Association, www.rosha.ro, bogdan.popa@rosha.ro, +40720528266
European Hydropower Summit, 28th of February 2012, Bucharest
Bogdan POPA: ROSHA – representative of small hydropower sector in Romania
Inland resources:
1,700 m3/year inhabitant, or
3,250 m3/year inhabitant taking into
account the Danube
4,864 watercourses 78,905 km long
(inventoried and coded)
Accession to the European Union on the 1st of January 2007, together with Bulgaria
European Hydropower Summit, 28th of February 2012, Bucharest
Bogdan POPA: ROSHA – representative of small hydropower sector in Romania
inventory on 24,700 km of rivers (including 1,245 km the Danube river):
8,000 MW  70,000 GWh/year,
calculated on a basis of 30 years’ data for river flows.
Specific power
Length of
inventory rivers
Theoretical gross
linear potential
(kW/km)
Total
(km)
Percent
(%)
Total
(MW)
Percent
(%)
< 200
14,560
62
1,140
19
200…500
5,460
23
1,780
30
500…1000
2,440
11
1,620
28
> 1000
990
4
1,320
23
Total (rounded)
23,450
100
5,900
100
European Hydropower Summit, 28th of February 2012, Bucharest
Bogdan POPA: ROSHA – representative of small hydropower sector in Romania
- 34 TWh/year, from which
- 23.3 TWh/year (68.5%) on the interior rivers, and
- 10.7 TWh/year on the Danube river.
According with the EU:
SHP = HPP with Pi <= 10 MW
Technically feasible potential of SHP is estimated at about :
1,134 MW respectively
4,078 GWh/year
In 2011: ~300 SHPs, ~364 MW, ~950 GWh
European Hydropower Summit, 28th of February 2012, Bucharest
Economically
feasible
Technically feasible
Gross theoretical
HYDROPOWER POTENTIAL
100%
Economically feasible
with environmental
constraints (remaining)
Economically feasible potential (c)
Bogdan POPA: ROSHA – representative of small hydropower sector in Romania
Environmentally
compliant potential
(Excluded potential)
Protected sites/
designated areas: Natura
2000, Nature reserves
etc)
(e)
(d)
Normalised (actual)
electricity generation
Potential with
environmental
constraints taken
into account
(Remaining potential)
a
b
c
d
Conceived by Petras Punys, President LHA,
within the project SHP STREAM MAP
Percentage (%) of
economically feasible
potential that has been
developed:
e/c·100%
European Hydropower Summit, 28th of February 2012, Bucharest
Bogdan POPA: ROSHA – representative of small hydropower sector in Romania
SHP privatization in figures, 11 companies
Year
No. of SHP
Installed capacity
(MW)
Average annual energy
(GWh/year)
2004
18
22.91
37.50
2005
10
12.20
19.20
2006
20
6.93
9.06
2008
39
23.28
30.775
Total
87
65.27
96.53
European Hydropower Summit, 28th of February 2012, Bucharest
Bogdan POPA: ROSHA – representative of small hydropower sector in Romania
Year
Installed capacity [ MW ]
Energy production [MWh]
No of GC’s
2007
29.683
38,619
39,113
2008
40.405
121,435
121,450
2009
75.959
197,756
197,751
2010
75.943
273,044
274,439
2011
123.589
154,452
161,220
European Hydropower Summit, 28th of February 2012, Bucharest
Bogdan POPA: ROSHA – representative of small hydropower sector in Romania
E-RES PROMOTION SCHEME IN ROMANIA
Mandatory quotas combined with tradable green certificates (GC)

Fixed quantities established by Government Decision
from 2010 up to 2020

Market price for GC, until 2014, limited between:
 minimum – 27 €/GC
 maximum – 55 €/GC
European Hydropower Summit, 28th of February 2012, Bucharest
Bogdan POPA: ROSHA – representative of small hydropower sector in Romania
RES eligible to participate in the Green Certificates Trading System:







SHP new (starting with 01.01.2004)
 3 GC/1 MWh for 15 years
SHP refurbished (put into operation since at least 15 years and replacement of existent
technologies with modern ones for growing the efficiency of production of energy)
 2 GC/1 MWh for 10 years
SHP other then the cases above  1 GC/2 MWh for 3 years
Wind  2 GC/1 MWh to 2017 - 1 GC/1 MWh starting with 2018
Biomass, biogas, biofuels, geothermal  3 GC/1 MWh
Solar  6 GC/1 MWh
NO specifications for:
waves, tidal energy, tidal impoundments, Ocean stream
European Hydropower Summit, 28th of February 2012, Bucharest
Bogdan POPA: ROSHA – representative of small hydropower sector in Romania
Expected income for promoted green electricity in SHP
GREEN ELECTRICITY
GREEN CERTIFICATES
Option to be sold:
By bilateral contracts at negotiated
prices
On Day Ahead Market
To distribution companies at
regulated price
Option to be sold:
by bilateral contracts
on the centralized GC market
Regulated price is 132 RON/MWh
~31 €/MWh
3, 2, or ½ GC  1 MWh
GCs prices:
2008-2014: 27 … 55 €/GC
2015-2030: min > 27 €/GC
 Total revenue: 44.5 .... 196 €/MWh
European Hydropower Summit, 28th of February 2012, Bucharest
Bogdan POPA: ROSHA – representative of small hydropower sector in Romania
ROSHA is a Romanian non-profit legal person, registered according to the
legal provisions.
ROSHA is a professional, non-government, non-political association
without lucrative purpose.
Since 2008 (its founding year), ROSHA is a member of the European Small
Hydropower Association – ESHA and benefited by its direct support.
ROSHA acts in the field of electricity generation in small hydropower
plants and enables legal and organizational contacts with government and
non-government institutions and bodies within the country and abroad.
European Hydropower Summit, 28th of February 2012, Bucharest
Bogdan POPA: ROSHA – representative of small hydropower sector in Romania
ROSHA represents the interests of its members and – by concrete lobby
actions – defends their rights.
ROSHA promotes ideas, programs, actions (including the organization of
events: conferences, round tables) complying with the requirements and
needs of its members.
ROSHA has in view and aims the following:
Drawing up a system for the representation of the interests of its members
in relation to the state relevant authorities, in view of developing and
supporting the electricity generation in small hydropower plants and in
relation to ESHA, as well.
European Hydropower Summit, 28th of February 2012, Bucharest
Bogdan POPA: ROSHA – representative of small hydropower sector in Romania
Encouraging of partnerships between the association members.
Cooperation with relevant institutions and bodies within the country and
abroad.
Supporting of research and preparing of studies concerning the hydroelectric
potential of the inland rivers and the opportunity of small hydropower plants
location in harmony with the environment.
Organization of experts trainings, of conferences, workshops, round tables in
the small hydropower field.
Submission to ESHA of small hydropower data from Romania and the public
presentation of Romania position, as well.
By the role it assumed, ROSHA intends to establish a permanent
contact between and with its members, in terms of mutual support
and achievement of the main goals in the small hydropower field.
European Hydropower Summit, 28th of February 2012, Bucharest
Bogdan POPA: ROSHA – representative of small hydropower sector in Romania
Presentations in RENEXPO Bucharest 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011
 Co-organization of a national Conference about SHP at RENEXPO in
Arad in 2009, 2010 and 2011
 Co-organization of an international Conference about SHP at RENEXPO
in Bucharest in 2010 and 2011
 Participation at Sun-E forum
 Protocols with IRE, Sun-E
 Member in Renewable commission of SIER
 Participation in round tables having as subject SHP:
in October 2009 organized by IRE and Hidroelectrica at CCIB,
at 16th of September 2010 at Hidroelectrica where it was co-organizer
at 18th of October 2011 organized by IRE and Hidroelectrica at
Hidroelectrica where it was co-organizer

European Hydropower Summit, 28th of February 2012, Bucharest
Bogdan POPA: ROSHA – representative of small hydropower sector in Romania


Presentation in RENEXPO Budapest 2007, there where the idea of the
association was born
Participation at 2 International Conferences dedicated to SHP and
organized by ESHA: Hidroenergia 2008 and 2010

Close to ESHA in 2 European projects: SHERPA and SHAPES

Participation with 2 people to an European project: SHPSTREAMMAP
European Hydropower Summit, 28th of February 2012, Bucharest
Bogdan POPA: ROSHA – representative of small hydropower sector in Romania
7 days, 20 answers related to:
ROSHA initiative:
SUMMARY OF OBSTACLES IN CARRYING OUT
SMALL HYDROPOWER PLANTS 1/3
Permits and authorizations: many permits and authorizations from many state authorities;
conditioning of obtaining a certain permit by the obtaining of other permit considered
necessary; conditioning of issuance of a certain permit by the performance of certain works,
necessary for the locality, which have nothing to do with the investment.
Site approval and connection technical evaluation report: difficult to obtain, very high
costs by arbitrary decisions.
Water Management Permit: difficult to obtain due to the legislative provisions and also to
the technical specifications for the preparing of technical documentations in view of renting the
lands necessary for the investments development; signing of a rental contract and payment of
monthly rent, without the certitude of obtaining the permit.
European Hydropower Summit, 28th of February 2012, Bucharest
Bogdan POPA: ROSHA – representative of small hydropower sector in Romania
ROSHA initiative: SUMMARY OF OBSTACLES IN CARRYING OUT
SMALL HYDROPOWER PLANTS 2/3
Cadastre: lack of lands cadastre which impedes the development of SHPs.
Legislative frame: complicated, ambiguous and not finalized.
Green certificates: reducing of the number of green certificates for the projects carried out
with non-reimbursable funds.
Concession of the minor riverbed: high value, rental conditions similar to those of a
building rental; considering of the construction structured related to the SHPP as being
temporary; sometimes the land has to be rented from two parties: from the owner and from
the „Romanian Waters” National Administration.
Financial security for a site: very high value for very low capacities, possibility of losing it if
the completion of the investments is delayed for reasons beyond the investor’s control.
Environmental Non-Governmental Bodies: their reactions are not always justified; often
they try to block a project before understanding the positive aspects related to it.
European Hydropower Summit, 28th of February 2012, Bucharest
Bogdan POPA: ROSHA – representative of small hydropower sector in Romania
ROSHA initiative: SUMMARY OF OBSTACLES IN CARRYING OUT
SMALL HYDROPOWER PLANTS 3/3
Rivers hydropower potential: compulsoriness to develop at least 70% is not always a
sustainable option, sometimes it is preferable for less to be developed, to be in compliance
with certain environment indicators or other uses of the water.
Water price: high value; the same price for high or low heads; compulsoriness to pay for the
whole cascade of small hydropower plants and not only for the intake as it would be normal
(same water is used in several power plants).
Uncontrollable primary power output: the new legislation does no longer provide this
notion; compulsoriness to pay penalties for the hourly unbalances of the uncontrollable power
output leads to unpredictable increases of costs and, in many cases, questions the viability of
the power output in small hydropower plants; the unbalances are to be supported even in
small hydropower plants of below 1 MW capacity.
Public information system: scarce; data of the hydroelectric potential, information on
permits, water use authorizations and their owners have to be public.
Charges: high value; not correlated to the objective parameters; sometimes retroactively
applied; they are different from one region to another for similar parameters.
European Hydropower Summit, 28th of February 2012, Bucharest
Bogdan POPA: ROSHA – representative of small hydropower sector in Romania
ROSHA conclusion:
1. It was reached a deadlock in promoting the investments in SHP,
generated by the following categories of problems:
- lack of correlation of certain legislative provisions included in different
legislative acts concerning this type of investment;
- non-acceptance by certain state institutes of certain legislative
provisions from the legislative acts in force, not specific to their field of
activity, some of them being even at the level of organic law;
- issuance of certain legislative acts intended to be retroactively applied
or of which application is set without being fulfilled the applicability
conditions.
European Hydropower Summit, 28th of February 2012, Bucharest
Bogdan POPA: ROSHA – representative of small hydropower sector in Romania
ROSHA conclusion:
2. In the absence of certain clarifications, both with regard to the
approval and authorization procedures of this type of investment project,
and with regard to the accurate determination of the institutional role
and responsibilities, it was reached an abnormal situation in which the
promotion of this type of investment is different from one county to
another.
European Hydropower Summit, 28th of February 2012, Bucharest
Bogdan POPA: ROSHA – representative of small hydropower sector in Romania
ROSHA conclusion:
3. Apparent volatility of the legislative frame, generated by the
differentiated interpretation and application by the main bodies, and
especially locally by the state, has determined the following:
- decrease of the investment appetite;
- blocking of certain projects under various stages, including certain
projects approved to be co-financed from structural funds (given that the
priority of the Romanian Government is to draw structural funds);
- emergence of great difficulties within the process of project
implementation: the performance stage and subsequently the stage of
passing to commercial operation.
European Hydropower Summit, 28th of February 2012, Bucharest
Bogdan POPA: ROSHA – representative of small hydropower sector in Romania
ESHA conclusion:
We have received the document you prepared “Summary of obstacles in
carrying out Small Hydropower plants” in which you analyse 14 aspects
of policy, environmental, financial, technical and legislative system,
responsible for the current state of Small Hydropower (SHP) situation in
Romania.
We have carefully studied the document and have decided to approach
this issue together with ROSHA staff and identify whether the way in
which Romania has transposed the European Directives in national
legislation and the correlation among different laws or decisions between
different administrative sectors serves the purpose of promoting SHP to
its fullest.
European Hydropower Summit, 28th of February 2012, Bucharest
Bogdan POPA: ROSHA – representative of small hydropower sector in Romania
ESHA and ROSHA
We propose to elaborate a common document to be submitted to the
Romanian legislative authorities in order to correct possible anomalies.
The most suitable and important recommendations will probably be the
following two:
- to establish a one stop shop for the renewable energy sources including SHP - in Romania and
- to propose a Government Decision in order to harmonize all the
different regulations issued by the national administration.
European Hydropower Summit, 28th of February 2012, Bucharest
Bogdan POPA: ROSHA – representative of small hydropower sector in Romania
ROSHA is
open to discussions with Ministries and NGOs, on one hand
and
with all interested companies or persons in SHP field, on the other hand
ROSHA can
assume the role of a SHP national lawyer “if and only if” the investors
intentions are to develop projects in compliance with all regulations in force
and with the environment, from the start till the end !
ROSHA aims
for the implementation of a SHP project to be done exactly as it was
assumed in the documentation prepared in order to obtain the
authorisations even if, using environmentally friendly technologies is costly;
this is one of the reasons the Government grants support
European Hydropower Summit, 28th of February 2012, Bucharest
Bogdan POPA: ROSHA – representative of small hydropower sector in Romania
SHP Peleș (1880), the oldest in Romania
Foto: Bogdan Popa
We can really build environmentally friendly
Small Hydropower Plants !
Thank you !
SHP Bistrica, Slovenia
Foto: Bogdan Popa