Air Products
Biogas and Hydrogen
London Boroughs Seminar
Roland Birley MEng AIMechE
Contents
 Waste issues in London
 What is Biogas?
 How can waste give us fuel?
 The process and how AP makes it happen
2
Why
Waste?
Why Waste?
 Legislation
– Landfill
• EU directive
• 2025 35% target!
• LATS
– Carbon
– Renewables
 Fuel / Power economies
– Gas
– Automotive fuel duty
– Electricity
4
£€$
What is biogas?
 Agriculture /
Livestock
 Kitchen waste
 Wastewater
 Compost
 Landfill gas
5
Anaerobic
digestion
 60% Methane
(“Natural gas”)
 CO2
 Other stuff
Why Air Products
Dirty
Gas
?
Valuable
Fuel
 Gas separation experience
 R&D, IP
 Prism®, Gemini®
 Other technologies
 World’s Broadest Portfolio of Adsorption
Products
6
Adsorption
Dirty
Gas
75Nm3/hr H2
7
?
1000Nm3/hr H2
Valuable
Fuel
Prism ®
Early Prism® Plants
 Developed in the 1980s
 US energy crisis  heavy subsidies
 Crisis ended  AP sold business
 AP Kept technology rights
 Clean, high BTU gas
 High reliability
 Low maintenance
8
Gemini
Palos Verdes
KnowH2ow
Demonstrated
 CaFCP, Washington
 Las Vegas
 Berlin H2 fuelling
 Toulouse, France
 Singapore, India
Berlin
9
Singapore
Las Vegas
Waste and
Energy
Solutions
Option 1: Waste to vehicle
fuel
 CO2 neutral
London’s green
waste
Digester
(or other)
Compost
11
 No fuel tax
 CC exempt
Biogas
Air
Products
Transport
H2 / NG
 Approx 60% MSW is organic
 London leads clean transport
Option 1: Waste to vehicle
fuel
London’s green
waste
Digester
(or gasifier)
Compost
12
London’s
sewage
Biogas
Local
landfills
 2M tonnes is 200k Nm³
annual methane prod’n
 or 000’s vehicles filled
per day
Air
Products
Transport
 All carbon-neutral
Option 2: Waste to Energy
UK  Municipal waste (organic) = 28MM tonnes/year
 Heating value = 10,000 GWh
FC
 SortedResidual
local organic
wasteprovide 20% of
MSW could
 Local total
energy
UK energy consumption in 2020.
- Institute of Civil Engineers, Renewable Power Assoc. 2005
 Fuel cell development
13
Example: London Borough X
 Waste to Natural Gas Vehicle
Sorted kitchen waste = 40k tonnes/year = 4M Nm3/yr
biogas
+ Wastewater biogas ~ 9M Nm3/yr
+ Air Products gas cleanup plant (1500 Nm3/hr)
+ NGV Fuelling station
+ Small fleet converted to gas
Assume: Free organic waste & collection;
3 year payback ~ 0.5 €/l Diesel equivalent possible
14
Waste to Energy Options
Green
Waste
15
AD
AP
Prism®

AD – Anaerobic Digestion

Prism® - Cleanup
equipment

SO – Solid Oxide

MC – Molten Carbonate

FC – Fuel Cell

PSA – H2 purifier

NGV – Natural Gas Vehicle

H2V – Hydrogen vehicle

Air Products technology
NG
fueller
NG
Grid
NGV
Power
Station
SO/MC
FC
Reformr
& PSA
H2
FC
AP H2
fueller
H2V
Air Products Capabilities
Green
Waste
AD
NGV
NG
Grid
Power
Station
Integration
Safety
KnowH2ow
Experience
SO/MC
FC
H2
FC
H2V
16
Summary
 Waste problem
energy solution
 London has
– Biogas sources
– Applications
• Run cars
• Power homes
• Produce carbon-neutral Hydrogen!
 Biogas + AP = Clean fuel
 Good waste management + AP
= 2 sustainability issues solved
 Join us.
17
Thank you
tell me more
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