What to learn?
1. Read the text and get some
information of the three persons.
2. Learn the principles of the three
persons.
3. Learn to describe a person.
4. Express your opinions about their
principles.
1.Students should often go over
what they have learnt.
学而时习之，不亦乐乎。
2. Treat others in the way you
want to be treated.
Confucius
己所不欲，勿施于人。
Confucius Institute(孔子学院)
American philosopher Emerson said
"Confucius is an honor of the world“.
influentia
l man
Confucius
Mencius
Mozi
Fast Reading
Fast -reading
What’s the passage mainly about ?
A. teachings of ancient Chinese thinkers
B. three great philosophers of ancient
Tip : Read the first and
China
the last sentence of
C. interestingeach
stories
aboutto
the
paragraph
getthree
philosophers the main idea.
D. the history of ancient Chinese
philosophy
Careful-reading (Task 1)
Para. 1
Introduction about
Confucius
status(身份)
Philosopher
His ideas influenced Chinese
his
influence
society他强调了仁爱，责任
for more
than 2000years.
和社会秩序的重要性。
He stressed the importance of
What
did
stress?
kindness,
duty
andhe
order
in society.
Careful-reading (Task 2)
Para2&3
His mother movedAchievements
her house
Name status Background
three times in order to
get her son
(成就)
(背景)
a better learning environment.
thinker
&
Mencius
adviser
Mozi
teacher
He was brought The Book of Mencius
up by his mother.
His family was the founder of Mohism
very poor.
（墨家学说的创立者）
Careful-reading (Task 3)
Confucius
Mencius
Mozi
Confucius
Kindness,duty and
order in society .
Mencius
Mozi
1.Man is good.
2.Government is important.
3.People are more important
than rulers.
（民贵君轻）
1.Government was most
important.
2.All men were equal.
3.Love all human beings.
4.People should avoid wars.
（兼爱，非攻）
Summary
Retell the three philosophers’ stories in the
first person(第一人称).
Hello, boys and girls. I’m Confucius. I’m
coming back. I’ll tell you sth about my past
story here. I was born in a time when states
were often at war with each other. So I
believe kindness, duty and order in society
are very important. Most of my time I travel
from state to state teaching my principles.
Confucius
Kindness,duty and
order in society .
Mencius
1.Man is good.
2.Government is important.
3.People are more important
than rulers.
Mozi
1.Government was most
important.
2.All men were equal.
3.Love all human beings.
4.people should avoid wars.
Discussion:
What can we do to put the
teaching about ‘kindness’ in
practice in our daily life?
Presentation
A: What do you think of Confucius/
Mencius/ Mozi’s teachings?
B: I agree with most of them.
Especially the teaching about
kindness.
A: What do you make of ‘kindness’?
B: I think in daily life……
Clues(提示):
 How to love parents, classmates
and teachers, etc?
 How to treat the weaker people
(the old, the disabled, the poor etc)?
How to prevent wars?
…
Homework
Write a similar passage about Laozi.
1. Divide our class into several groups, and
each group chooses a leader.
2. Every group member searches for
information about Laozi.
3. The leader organizes the information.
4. Present your information to
the whole class.
What to learn?
1. Read the text and get some
information of the three persons.
2. Learn the principles of the three
persons.
3. Learn to describe a person.
4. Express your opinions about their
principles.
Thanks for listening
Para1:1.同…… 处于战争状态
2.是一段……. 的时间
3.强调 …….. 的重要性
4.被……影响
Para2:1.与……相似
2.抚养 培育
3.听从某人建议
4.周游列国
5.统治者的军师 .谋士
Para3:1.出生于
2.因为 以……… 而闻名
3.在某些方面 某种程度上
4.结果
5.照顾 照料
at war with
it is/was a time when
stress the importance of
be influenced by
be similar to
bring up
take/follow one’s advice
travel from state to state
an adviser to the ruler
be born in
be famous for
in some ways
as a result
look after
Careful-reading (Task 4)
1.Translation
Ancient China was a place where states
were often at war with each other. But it
was also a time when there were many
great philosophers.
2. Replacement
Mencius followed Confucius’s principles
and became an officer in a state.
Task 4:
in which
1. Ancient China was a place where
states were often at war with each
other. But it was also a time when
there were many great philosophers.
at which
古代中国各诸侯国之间经常发生战争。但那
也是一个产生了许多伟大哲学家的时期。
2. Replacement :
Mencius followed Confucius’s principles
and became an officer in a state.
He
became a student of Confucius’s
________________________________
ideas,
and was then given an
________________________________
important
position in the government
________________________________
他学习了孔子的学说，后来在
of
a state.
________________________________
一个诸侯国的政府内任要职。
which of the three philosophers or
which of their teachings do you agree
most? Why?
Self-assessment
Excellent ☆ ☆ ☆
Good ☆ ☆
Satisfactory ☆
Needs improvement
Thanks for listening
Read the passage again ,then fill in the chart with
proper information according to the passage.
Name
job
Born
date
Teachings
Confucius
Philos
-opher
551BC479BC
Kindness,duty and
order in society .
Mencius
Mozi
thinker 372BCadviser 289BC
1.Man is good.
2.People were more
important than rulers.
teacher
1.Government was
most important. 2.All
men were equal. 3.
Love all human beings.
476BC390BC
According to Mencius
1. What’s the difference between man
and animals?
Man is good.
2. Which is more important, people or
ruler?
People
3. Why did Mencius resign?
Because the government didn’t follow
his advice.
retell
retell
1. What was Mozi famous for?
Unusual clothes and behaviour.
2. Why were Mozi’s beliefs similar to
those of Confucius?
He considered that government was
most important.
3. What did he spent many years doing?
To find a state where people would
follow his teachings.
equal important look after philosopher philosophy
ruler state teachings thinker treat war
In ancient China, private teachers traveled from state to
s_______
explaining their p________
tate
hilosophy Confucius was the
most important of the ancient Chinese p________
hilosophers
Confucius’s t_________
eaching influenced society for more than
hinkers included Mencius
2000 years. Other important t_______
and Mozi. All three teachers believed in the i_________
mportance
of kindness and good government. Mencius’s ideas were
very similar to those of Confucius, but some of Mozi’s
t_________
eachings were very different. For example, he hated
ar
the idea of w_____
and believed that strong people should
l_________
ook after weaker people.
7. From the text we can infer that ___.
A. great people are born in poor
families
B. different teachings lead to war
C. it takes time before a belief is
accepted by others
D. Mencius was a student of
Confucius’s
To know more about
Confucius, Mencius and
Mozi, let’s come to the
passage Philosophers of
Ancient China!
Para. 2 Introduction about Mencius
_______
born in 372
___ BC and brought up
by ___
______
his mother
at an important _______
position in the
government
__________ first and later
resigned
_______
The Book of Mencius
_______
Man was kind
____.
People
______ were more important
rulers
than _____.
Para. 3
Introduction about Mozi
_____
476BC --- 390 BC
______
___________ was most
Government
important.
All men are equal
_____.
Love all human
______ beings
_____ and
look after the weak.
war
hate the idea of ____
Mencius
Mencius was a thinker
______ whose teachings
were very ________
similar to those of Confucius.
He held an important position
_______ in the
government of a state, but he resigned
_______
later to travel from state to state to
teach the principles
________ of Confucius,
because the ruler didn’t follow
_____ his
______.
advice
6.We should love all human beings.
Mozi
兼爱
7.The order in society is important.
Confucius
社会秩序（三纲五常）
8.Strong people should look after
Mozi
weaker people. 力强当养力弱
9.People should avoid wars.
Mozi
非攻
10.Students should often go over what
they have learnt.
Confucius
学而时习之，不亦说乎。
Mozi
Mozi founded the Mohism
_______. Born in a
poor family, he became famous for his
unusual clothes and behaviour
________. Though
his beliefs were similar
______ to those of
Confucius, his idea of love was
____________
different from Confucian idea of
kindness. He taught that we should love
all human
____________,
beings and look after those
who are weaker than ourselves. He
believed that all men were equal
_____, and
he was against the idea of ____.
war
Consolidation
孔林
孔府
Confucius
Mansion
Confucius
Cemetery
孔庙
Confucius
Temple
孔府
Confucius
Mansion
孔林
Confucius
Cemetery
孔庙
Confucius
Temple
Summary
In ancient China, states were often________
at war with each other.
But there were many great____________,
philosophers of whom
influential who
Confucius was the most___________
______________________of
kindness, duty and order.
stressed the importance
Mencius’s ideas were very_____________
those of
similar to
Confucius’s. He held an important position
_______ in the
government of a state, but he resigned
_______ later ,because the
ruler didn’t follow
______________.
his advice He believed man is good
_____ and
people
________were
more important than______.
rulers
However, some of Mozi’s _________
teachings were very different.
For example, he hated the idea of _____
war and believed that
strong people should _________
look after weaker people.
Discussion
Which of the three philosophers or the
teachings do you like best? Why?
I like…because…
I think…
1.Confucius stressed the importance of the
following aspects except _______.
A.kindness
B. friendship
C. order
D. duty
2. “If the government was kind, then people
would be good.” is the teaching of _________.
A.Mencius
B.Confucius
C. Mozi
D. Xunzi
3. Which shows the right order of time when the
three great thinkers lived?
A. Confucius--- Mencius ---Mozi
B. Mencius----Mozi----Confucius
C. Confucius---Mozi---Mencius
D.Mozi--- Mencius---Confucius
2. According to Mencius, why is man
different from animals?
Mencius believed that the reason
why man is different from animals is
that man is good.
Please tell whose ideas the statements are:
Mencius
1.Man is born good. 人性本善
2.All human beings are equal.
Mozi
人无长幼贵贱（众生平等）
3.The family is important. We are
Confucius
members of a group.
家国天下，修齐治平（治国必先齐家 ）
4.Treat others in the way you want to be
treated. 己所不欲，勿施于人。Confucius
5.People are more important than rulers.
民为贵，君为轻。（民贵君轻） Mencius
Choose one person who
you like most, why?
Whose ideas do you
agree with most, why?
Choose one philosopher you
like most and tell some ideas
of him to your partners.
Write a short passage to introduce an
ancient person who is well-known.
Tell us something about his or her
deeds,main ideas and achievements.
HOMEWORK
Write a similar passage about Laozi.
Kindness,duty and
order in society .
1.Man is good.
2.People were more
important than rulers.
1.Government was most
important. 2.All men
were equal. 3.
Love all human
beings.4.people should
avoid wars.
Confucius
Kindness,duty and
order in society .
Mencius
1.Man is good.
2.People were more
important than
rulers.
Mozi
1.Government was most
important. 2.All men were
equal. 3.Love all human
beings.4.People should
avoid wars.
3. Which is NOT the right statement
about Mozi?
A. He was known for his unusual clothes
and behavior.
B. He hated the idea of war.
C. All his beliefs were the same as
Confucius.
D. He believed all men were equal.
4. “If the government was kind, then
people would be good.” is the
teaching of _________.
A. Mencius
B. Confucius
C. Mozi
D. Xunzi
5. Which belief by Mozi was similar to
that of Confucius?
A. We should love all human beings.
B. The government shouldn’t treat
people badly.
C. We should look after those who are
weaker than ourselves.
D. The government was most
important.
孟子(前372—前289)
名轲，战国中期鲁国
邹人。受业于子思
(孔子之孙，名)之门
人，曾游历于宋、滕、
魏、齐等国，阐述他
的政治主张，还曾在
齐为卿。晚年退而著
书，传世有《孟子》
七篇。他是战国中期
儒家的代表。
Mencius
People are more important than
rulers.
民为贵 君为轻
Man is born good.
人性本善
Mencius
(372BC-289BC)
墨翟（公元前468—
376），人们尊称墨子。
他是战国初年的鲁国
人，大约生于公元前
468年，死于公元前
376年。
Mozi
All human beings are equal.
众生平等
We should love all human beings.
兼爱
Mozi
(376BC-390BC)