東周
諸子百家
Eastern Zhou Dynasty
The Hundred Schools
時代背景
Background
• 春秋戰國時期，諸侯都變成了小國家，國家和國
家競爭，所以出現了很多了不起的政治家、外交
家、思想家。
• During the Spring and Autumn Period and the
Warring States period, the feudal lords have
become small countries. Due to the competition
among the states and nations, there came about
a lot of great statesmen, diplomats, thinkers.
學術思想的黃金時代
Golden Ages of Thoughts
• 這個時期國家之間互相競爭，促進了人文和科技的進步，
產生了許多思想家、政治家、教育家、軍事家、工程師，
比如：孔子、老子、孫子、魯班、屈原等等，是中國學術
思想的黃金時代。
• Competition between the countries during this period,
promoted the human and technological progress, and
produced a number of thinkers, politicians, educators,
strategists, engineers, such as: Confucius, Lao Tzu, Sun
Zi, Lu Ban, Chu Yuan, etc. It was the golden age of the
academic study in Chinese history.
科技發展
Technology Development
• 這個時期的科技進步，在醫藥、武器、機械、數
學、土木建築、水利工程，等方面的發明非常多，
包括我們熟悉的九九乘法表、象棋等。
• During this period there was great scientific and
technological progress in medicine, weapons,
machinery, mathematics, civil engineering,
hydraulic engineering, and inventions in many
other aspects, including the multiplication table,
chess and so on.
有名的學派
Famous Schools
• 春秋戰國時代最有名的學派是儒家、道家、
墨家、法家。
• The most famous schools of academics
during the Spring and Autumn Period and
the Warring States Period are
Confucianism, Taoism, Mohism, and
Legalism.
儒家
Confucianism
•孔子（公元前551年-公元前479年）是中國
偉大的思想家及教育家，孔子思想稱為儒
家思想影響了中國兩千多年。
• Confucius (551 BC - 479 BC) was a great
Chinese thinker and educator. His
teaching was referred to as Confucianism.
It influenced China for over two thousand
years.
私人興學
Private School
• 孔子興辦學校，主張有教無類和因材施教，
他是中國歷史上第一位職業老師，學生多
達三千人。
• Confucius set up schools. He advocated
indiscriminated teaching and individualized
teaching. He was the first professional
teacher of Chinese history, with students
up to three thousand.
至聖先師
Supreme Sage
• 孔子被尊為至聖先師，九月二十八日是孔
子的生日，加州把這天訂為孔子日。
• Confucius is revered as the Supreme
Sage. September 28th is the birthday of
Confucius. California set this day as the
Confucius day.
思想中心
Center of Confucianism
•孔子的思想以「仁」為中心，孔子認為
“仁 ”和“禮 ”是人類行為的兩項基本準
則。
• The center of Confucianism is
"benevolence". Confucius advocated that
"benevolence" and "propriety" are the two
basic principles of human behavior.
論語
Analects
•「一日三省吾身」、「 三人行必有我師」、「己
所不欲勿施於人」都是孔子的名言。孔子的思想
言行都由弟子記述在《論語》這本書裡。
• "Inspect self three times daily ", "Learn from
everyone", "Do unto others not do to others" are
famous sayings of Confucius. Words and deeds
of Confucius were recorded by his disciples in
the book "Analects”.
五倫
Five Relationships
•孔子認為社會要有秩序必需提倡五倫，五
倫指的是君臣, 父子, 夫婦, 兄弟, 朋友的倫
常關係。
• Confucius believed that social order must
be promoted with five human relationships,
referring to ruler and subject, father and
son, husband and wife, brothers, and
friends, five relationships.
春秋
Spring and Autumn
• 「春秋」是中國第一本按年、月、日次序
記載歷史事件的史書，「春秋」是孔子編
寫的。
• "Spring and Autumn" is the first historical
book recording historical events by the
year, month, and day order. It was written
by Confucius.
孟子
Mencius
•孟子（公元前372年-公元前289年）繼承孔
子的儒家思想，與孔子並稱「孔孟」。
• Mencius (372 BC - 289 BC) inherited
Confucian thought from Confucius. They
are referred to as "Confucius and
Mencius".
五倫
Five Relationships
•孟子說的五倫，就是要做到“父子有親, 君
臣有義, 夫婦有別, 長幼有序, 朋友有信” 。
• Mencius said that the five relationships, is
to be "father and son•". are close,
righteousness between kings and officials,
couples are different, order in seniority,
and trust between friends"
孔子
孟子
道家
Taoism
• 道家的代表是老子和莊子，他們認為一切
事情都要順著「自然」發展，不能勉強。
• Representing Taoists are Lao Tzu and
Chuang Tzu. They think everything should
be along the "natural" development and
should not be forced.
老子
Lao Tzu
•道家的代表人物是老子, 主要的著作是道德
經。
• The representative figure of Taoism is Lao
Tzu. His main work was the “Tao Te
Ching”.
老子
道德經
法家
Legalism
•法家的代表人物是韓非子, 商鞅。他們主張
中央集權, 制訂法律，以法律治國。
• Han Fei and Shang Yang are the
representative figures of Legalism. They
advocated centralized authority, legislation,
and country ruled of law.
商鞅
韓非子
墨家
Mohism
• 墨家的代表是墨子，他主張人們應該愛所
有的人，反對浪費、反對打仗。
• Mohist is represented by Mo Tzu. He
argued that people should love all people,
against waste, and against the war.
墨子，名翟
墨子
成語 Idioms
• 班門弄斧
• 魯班，古代的巧匠。在魯班門前舞弄斧頭，
比喻在行家面前賣弄本領 。
• Teach fish to swim, or teach grandmother
to suck eggs. To show off skills in front of
experts.
孫子兵法
The Art of War
• 「孫子兵法」是世界第一部兵書，一直流
傳到現在，是各國軍事甚至企業界必讀之
書。
• "The Art of War" is the world's first book on
military strategy. It has been passed to the
present. It is a must read for the national
military or even the business community.
孫武
Sun Wu
• 「孫子兵法」是論述打仗的方法，是春秋
戰國軍事家孫武所著。
• "The Art of War" discusses methods of war.
It was written by military strategist Sun Wu
in the Spring and Autumn Period.
孫子兵法的名言
Inside The Art of War
•「善戰者不戰而屈人之兵」、「知己知彼
百戰不殆」等都是孫子兵法的名言。
• "Skillful strategist wins without a fight",
"Know yourself, know your enemy", are
the famous sayings inside “The Art of War”.
孫武
孫子兵法
問答Q&A
• 誰是儒家的代表人物?
•1.孫子 2.老子 3.孔子 4.莊子
• Who were the representatives of
Confucianism?
問答Q&A
• 誰是道家的代表人物?
•1.孟子2.老子 3.墨子 4.韓非子
• Who were the representatives of Taoism?
問答Q&A
• 誰是法家的代表人物?
•1.孟子2.老子 3.莊子 4.韓非子
• Who were the representatives of
Legalism?
問答Q&A
• 誰主張人們應該愛所有的人，反對浪費、
反對打仗?
•1.儒家2.道家3.法家4.墨家
• Who advocated that people should love all
people, against waste, and against the war?
問答Q&A
• 哪一本書是世界第一部兵書?
• Which book was the world's first book on
military strategy?